The document summarizes activities at the Belfer Center, including:
1) A panel discussion on the potential consequences if nuclear negotiations with Iran fail, featuring experts who discussed scenarios and implications for regional actors.
2) A conference between Russian and American experts aimed at reducing tensions in the troubled U.S.-Russia relationship, focusing on issues beyond the Ukraine conflict.
3) The Environment and Natural Resources Program's sponsorship of a student delegation to the 2014 Arctic Circle Assembly in Iceland to discuss Arctic, climate change, and renewable energy issues.
This document provides an overview of lessons for an introductory cultural studies class, including discussions of setting the global stage, terrorism and force protection, U.S. policy, and making strategy. The instructor provides guidance for students to prepare for and lead discussions on various lessons covering regional issues, the goals of increased cultural awareness for U.S. officers, the history and tactics of terrorism, and the evolution of U.S. foreign policy from isolationism to contemporary strategies. Students will then tie these topics together in a group exercise and assignments.
This document provides an agenda and instructions for an Air Force class covering several lessons on cultural studies, terrorism, force protection, U.S. policy, and strategy. Cadets are assigned readings and will lead discussions on various topics. The class will include a video, group exercises, and discussions of assigned lessons. Cadets will also prepare talking papers and presentations for future classes.
presentation report on WAR AND TERRORISM. and yes for better viewing experience, please download the file so that you can get all the info because the slides are animated.
The document discusses state and non-state terrorism. It defines terrorism as violent and premeditated attacks against political, economic, or civilian targets intended to spread fear and achieve a political goal, such as the September 11th attacks. State terrorism refers to violence committed by governments against domestic or foreign enemies. The causes of terrorism include historical grievances, poverty, oppression, ideology, and religion. Groups use terrorism because they believe violence can create political change. Terrorism represents asymmetric warfare for weaker groups against stronger states.
Gender plays a role in the tactics used by terrorist groups. Women have historically been involved in terrorism through various movements but their roles are often overlooked. Domestic terrorist groups are more likely to utilize women in combat and leadership roles, while international groups tend to employ women as supporters. Common terrorist tactics include bombings, hijackings, arson, assaults, kidnappings and hostage taking. Technology, media coverage, transnational support networks and religious fanaticism act as force multipliers that enhance the effectiveness of these tactics. Weapons of mass destruction such as biological agents, chemical and radiological weapons, and potentially nuclear weapons vastly increase the destructive power of terrorist attacks. The media also serves as a force multiplier by amplifying the impact
The document discusses how the media plays a role in socially constructing images of terrorism through its reporting practices and how terrorists are aware of the media's ability to influence perceptions; it also examines tensions between security forces and the media, the use of the internet by terrorists and the media to spread propaganda and communicate, and debates around censorship and biases in media coverage of terrorism issues.
The document discusses how media can help terrorists achieve their goals of spreading fear and influencing public perception. It argues that media sometimes plays a negative role by exaggerating the scale of terrorism, misinforming the public, provoking overreactions, legitimizing terrorist acts, and romanticizing terrorists. The document provides examples showing how extensive media coverage of terrorist incidents can make the problem seem larger than it is statistically. It also suggests that media should adopt policies to limit exaggerated or misleading coverage that could further terrorists' objectives.
US Pol-Mil Presence in the Asia-Pacific.8Michael Kraig
This document discusses the US military presence in the Asia-Pacific region and challenges to maintaining access and freedom of movement. It examines classic military strategy texts and their emphasis on linking tactical operations to strategic political goals. The document also analyzes Chinese perceptions of strategic vulnerabilities due to straits and sea lanes controlled by other powers. It proposes a framework called "JAAM-GC" for applying operational art to achieve limited objectives against opponents short of full-scale war, through speed, surprise and temporary control of contested areas. Overall the document argues for approaches that can gain victory without costly attrition-style warfare.
This document provides an overview of lessons for an introductory cultural studies class, including discussions of setting the global stage, terrorism and force protection, U.S. policy, and making strategy. The instructor provides guidance for students to prepare for and lead discussions on various lessons covering regional issues, the goals of increased cultural awareness for U.S. officers, the history and tactics of terrorism, and the evolution of U.S. foreign policy from isolationism to contemporary strategies. Students will then tie these topics together in a group exercise and assignments.
This document provides an agenda and instructions for an Air Force class covering several lessons on cultural studies, terrorism, force protection, U.S. policy, and strategy. Cadets are assigned readings and will lead discussions on various topics. The class will include a video, group exercises, and discussions of assigned lessons. Cadets will also prepare talking papers and presentations for future classes.
presentation report on WAR AND TERRORISM. and yes for better viewing experience, please download the file so that you can get all the info because the slides are animated.
The document discusses state and non-state terrorism. It defines terrorism as violent and premeditated attacks against political, economic, or civilian targets intended to spread fear and achieve a political goal, such as the September 11th attacks. State terrorism refers to violence committed by governments against domestic or foreign enemies. The causes of terrorism include historical grievances, poverty, oppression, ideology, and religion. Groups use terrorism because they believe violence can create political change. Terrorism represents asymmetric warfare for weaker groups against stronger states.
Gender plays a role in the tactics used by terrorist groups. Women have historically been involved in terrorism through various movements but their roles are often overlooked. Domestic terrorist groups are more likely to utilize women in combat and leadership roles, while international groups tend to employ women as supporters. Common terrorist tactics include bombings, hijackings, arson, assaults, kidnappings and hostage taking. Technology, media coverage, transnational support networks and religious fanaticism act as force multipliers that enhance the effectiveness of these tactics. Weapons of mass destruction such as biological agents, chemical and radiological weapons, and potentially nuclear weapons vastly increase the destructive power of terrorist attacks. The media also serves as a force multiplier by amplifying the impact
The document discusses how the media plays a role in socially constructing images of terrorism through its reporting practices and how terrorists are aware of the media's ability to influence perceptions; it also examines tensions between security forces and the media, the use of the internet by terrorists and the media to spread propaganda and communicate, and debates around censorship and biases in media coverage of terrorism issues.
The document discusses how media can help terrorists achieve their goals of spreading fear and influencing public perception. It argues that media sometimes plays a negative role by exaggerating the scale of terrorism, misinforming the public, provoking overreactions, legitimizing terrorist acts, and romanticizing terrorists. The document provides examples showing how extensive media coverage of terrorist incidents can make the problem seem larger than it is statistically. It also suggests that media should adopt policies to limit exaggerated or misleading coverage that could further terrorists' objectives.
US Pol-Mil Presence in the Asia-Pacific.8Michael Kraig
This document discusses the US military presence in the Asia-Pacific region and challenges to maintaining access and freedom of movement. It examines classic military strategy texts and their emphasis on linking tactical operations to strategic political goals. The document also analyzes Chinese perceptions of strategic vulnerabilities due to straits and sea lanes controlled by other powers. It proposes a framework called "JAAM-GC" for applying operational art to achieve limited objectives against opponents short of full-scale war, through speed, surprise and temporary control of contested areas. Overall the document argues for approaches that can gain victory without costly attrition-style warfare.
Ppt 12 effectiveness of asymmetrical conflict al qaedaKathleen Paris
This document discusses asymmetrical conflict and terrorism, specifically focusing on al Qaeda's use of suicide terrorism. It provides details on how al Qaeda utilized suicide bombers to conduct devastating attacks against a militarily superior enemy. Suicide tactics gave al Qaeda many advantages as the attacks were lethal, more likely to succeed, and relatively inexpensive to carry out. The document also examines how terrorism relies on surprise and shock to amplify its effects and demoralize populations. It notes that the US remains ill-prepared to counter new terrorist techniques due to a focus on replicating past events rather than anticipating innovation from groups like al Qaeda.
C05.8 gender roles, tactics, and force multipliers in terrorMatthew Boutross
This document outlines the key learning objectives and content covered in Chapter 5, which discusses gender roles, tactics, and force multipliers in terrorism. The chapter covers modern terrorism tactics, four common force multipliers, the roles and impacts of women in terrorism, technological threats like cyberterrorism and weapons of mass destruction, the roles of the media and targeting of industries like tourism and transportation, and theories of suicide bombing. Discussion questions are provided throughout to enhance understanding of the concepts.
The document discusses several goals and motivations that have been linked to terrorism, including religion, social causes, political achievements, desire for change, gaining attention, and revenge. It argues that while some of these goals like political change may have motivated terrorism in the past, religion is now the primary motivation behind many terrorist attacks. It also contends that using violence and harming innocent people can never be justified as a means to enact change or get revenge.
Terrorism involves the use or threat of violence for political purposes. It is committed by non-state actors and targets civilians to achieve political goals through fear and coercion. Key criteria for defining terrorism include the use or threat of violence, targeting of non-combatants, and perpetration for a political, religious, or ideological goal rather than financial gain. Terrorism has global impacts through instilling widespread fear and psychological trauma. It employs various tactics like bombings, shootings, and propaganda to maximize publicity. Responses to terrorism involve increased security measures, military action, intelligence gathering, and criminal law enforcement.
Social media plays a role in both terrorism and anti-terrorism efforts. It allows terrorist groups like ISIS to widely distribute propaganda like violent videos and images to recruit supporters and influence audiences. It also allows individuals to publish manifestos outlining their motivations for violent attacks. However, social media also aids in countering terrorist groups by distributing anti-ISIS messages. Defining terrorism remains challenging as different groups and governments have varying definitions, and social media has complicated efforts to form a universal description.
The document discusses various aspects of terrorism including its objectives, definitions, history, tactics, and impacts. Some key points covered are:
- The objectives of terrorism include attracting attention for a cause, demonstrating power, extracting revenge, and causing governments to overreact.
- Definitions characterize terrorism as premeditated, politically motivated violence against noncombatants intended to coerce or intimidate for political, religious, or ideological goals.
- Tactics used by terrorists range from assassinations and bombings to hostage taking, hijackings, attacks on facilities, and bioterrorism.
- The impacts of terrorism aim to create fear and psychological impact beyond direct victims by targeting society as a whole.
This document discusses the role of media in terrorism. It begins by defining terrorism and outlining its history. It then examines how terrorists now exploit technology and media to advance their causes. Terrorists utilize communication devices like cell phones and laptops to plan attacks more easily. They also leverage the internet and software to develop and execute their plans. The document argues that modern technology has amplified the threats and horrors of terrorism, and that terrorists misuse engineering fields like electronics and biotechnology to create havoc in the world.
The Bush era has seen remarkable change in the US foreign policy. After 9/ 11 attacks, President Bush (the son) initiated the Bush Doctrine and started his war on terror which had such implications as the invasion of Afghanistan in 2011, and the invasion of Iraq in 2003.
The document discusses terrorism and provides context on its definition, history, and types of terrorist acts. It details how terrorism has been used for centuries in various forms by groups seeking political, social, or religious goals. Specific terrorist groups and their tactics are examined, including Al Qaeda and the types of weapons of mass destruction that may be used. The document also reviews how different government agencies work to counter terrorism within the United States and abroad through intelligence gathering and analysis.
Notes for Terrorism and the Press class taught by Dr. Alvin Plexico at Park University in Millington, TN. The notes are based on the book Terrorism and the Press: An Uneasy Relationship by Brooke Barnett and Amy Reynolds (2008).
This document examines the relationship between globalization and transnational terrorism. It begins with distinguishing between "old" and "new" terrorism, noting how new terrorism since the 1990s has shifted to religious motivations and become more lethal. The author then reviews literature on defining terrorism and globalization. Several dimensions of globalization are discussed, including how economic globalization has increased terrorists' access to information, funding, and weapons through new technologies and financial systems. Regression analysis is used to analyze the impact of different aspects of globalization on transnational terrorist attacks and casualties.
Globalization has allowed terrorism to exist on a global level due to increased technology and interconnectivity. While there is no agreed-upon definition, terrorism generally involves the use or threat of violence against civilians to achieve political goals. Globalization has aided terrorism through expanded air travel, televised news coverage, and access to more dangerous weapons. It has also contributed to cultural, economic, and religious explanations for terrorism. Technologies associated with globalization have improved terrorists' abilities to coordinate attacks, maintain security, gain mobility, and conduct more lethal operations. International efforts aim to curb terrorism through collaboration, but challenges remain around identification, bureaucratic defects, and addressing radicalizing messages.
This document discusses the concept of resilient communities through the lens of early Tennessee settlers who defended themselves from attacks without assistance from North Carolina. It notes stories can provide richness that data cannot and shares a story of frontier families in Tennessee who negotiated with Cherokee for land and later defended themselves from raids without state help. The document discusses authors' views on resilience and calls for research on resilient communities to develop characteristics that would help communities survive and recover from disasters.
This document outlines and discusses various definitions and perspectives on terrorism. It explores the differences between "new" and "old" terrorism in terms of characteristics like martyrdom, the role of religion versus politics, and organizational structure. The document also examines government reactions to terrorism such as counterterrorism and anti-terrorism approaches, and debates around the effectiveness of military force versus political negotiations. Overall, terrorism involves the use of violence for political goals, but definitions and viewpoints vary considerably.
This document discusses globalized terrorism from two perspectives: 1) State terrorism practiced by major Western powers like the US to control natural resources and markets in other countries. This has led to wars, dictatorships, and sponsorship of terror. 2) Terrorism by organizations reacting to Western imperialism in places like the Middle East against military occupations. It argues the US and allies are responsible for social and economic ruin worldwide and instigate conflicts for their interests. According to philosopher Thomas Hobbes, the current international situation resembles a "state of nature" without common laws, where all states act in self-interest through force. To end this state and global wars/bloodshed, the document argues for establishing a democratic world government representing all peoples
The document discusses the history and nature of terrorism. It notes that terrorism has been used for political ends throughout history, from resistance to Roman occupation to modern religiously-motivated attacks. While the death rate from terrorism increased after 9/11, it remains much lower than rates from other causes like accidents or disease. The document examines different types, methods, and motives for terrorism, as well as approaches for prevention and response. Overall, it aims to educate about terrorism while arguing the main thing to fear is fear itself rather than the actual risk, which remains relatively low.
The document discusses the history and nature of terrorism. It notes that terrorism has been used for political ends throughout history, from resistance to Roman occupation to modern nationalist and religious conflicts. While the death rate from terrorism increased after 9/11, it remains much lower than rates from other causes like accidents or disease. The document examines different types, methods, and motives for terrorism, as well as approaches for preventing and responding to terrorist acts.
Terrorism is defined as unlawful violence that intimidates governments or societies for political, religious, or ideological goals. It has a long history dating back to resistance against the Roman Empire, and modern terrorism emerged in the French Revolution. Terrorism takes various forms such as armed attacks, explosives, and biological or chemical weapons. While prevention requires education, surveillance, and addressing root causes, terrorism continues to threaten societies through deadly attacks like 9/11 and the 2008 Mumbai attacks.
This chapter discusses models of terrorism including rural, urban and insurgent models. It examines the evolution of terrorist organizational structures from cells to columns to umbrella organizations. Financing terrorism is also addressed, outlining legal and illegal sources of funds as well as underground financial networks like hawala used to transfer money. The chapter concludes that terrorist organizations are complex groups hampered by their need for secrecy but designed to accomplish missions through guerrilla or terrorist means.
United States Relations with South Africa: A Chronologyelegantbrain
A timeline of key events, from the colonial period to the present, of U.S. relations with South Africa. Includes a timeline of key legislation on the development of apartheid.
Ppt 12 effectiveness of asymmetrical conflict al qaedaKathleen Paris
This document discusses asymmetrical conflict and terrorism, specifically focusing on al Qaeda's use of suicide terrorism. It provides details on how al Qaeda utilized suicide bombers to conduct devastating attacks against a militarily superior enemy. Suicide tactics gave al Qaeda many advantages as the attacks were lethal, more likely to succeed, and relatively inexpensive to carry out. The document also examines how terrorism relies on surprise and shock to amplify its effects and demoralize populations. It notes that the US remains ill-prepared to counter new terrorist techniques due to a focus on replicating past events rather than anticipating innovation from groups like al Qaeda.
C05.8 gender roles, tactics, and force multipliers in terrorMatthew Boutross
This document outlines the key learning objectives and content covered in Chapter 5, which discusses gender roles, tactics, and force multipliers in terrorism. The chapter covers modern terrorism tactics, four common force multipliers, the roles and impacts of women in terrorism, technological threats like cyberterrorism and weapons of mass destruction, the roles of the media and targeting of industries like tourism and transportation, and theories of suicide bombing. Discussion questions are provided throughout to enhance understanding of the concepts.
The document discusses several goals and motivations that have been linked to terrorism, including religion, social causes, political achievements, desire for change, gaining attention, and revenge. It argues that while some of these goals like political change may have motivated terrorism in the past, religion is now the primary motivation behind many terrorist attacks. It also contends that using violence and harming innocent people can never be justified as a means to enact change or get revenge.
Terrorism involves the use or threat of violence for political purposes. It is committed by non-state actors and targets civilians to achieve political goals through fear and coercion. Key criteria for defining terrorism include the use or threat of violence, targeting of non-combatants, and perpetration for a political, religious, or ideological goal rather than financial gain. Terrorism has global impacts through instilling widespread fear and psychological trauma. It employs various tactics like bombings, shootings, and propaganda to maximize publicity. Responses to terrorism involve increased security measures, military action, intelligence gathering, and criminal law enforcement.
Social media plays a role in both terrorism and anti-terrorism efforts. It allows terrorist groups like ISIS to widely distribute propaganda like violent videos and images to recruit supporters and influence audiences. It also allows individuals to publish manifestos outlining their motivations for violent attacks. However, social media also aids in countering terrorist groups by distributing anti-ISIS messages. Defining terrorism remains challenging as different groups and governments have varying definitions, and social media has complicated efforts to form a universal description.
The document discusses various aspects of terrorism including its objectives, definitions, history, tactics, and impacts. Some key points covered are:
- The objectives of terrorism include attracting attention for a cause, demonstrating power, extracting revenge, and causing governments to overreact.
- Definitions characterize terrorism as premeditated, politically motivated violence against noncombatants intended to coerce or intimidate for political, religious, or ideological goals.
- Tactics used by terrorists range from assassinations and bombings to hostage taking, hijackings, attacks on facilities, and bioterrorism.
- The impacts of terrorism aim to create fear and psychological impact beyond direct victims by targeting society as a whole.
This document discusses the role of media in terrorism. It begins by defining terrorism and outlining its history. It then examines how terrorists now exploit technology and media to advance their causes. Terrorists utilize communication devices like cell phones and laptops to plan attacks more easily. They also leverage the internet and software to develop and execute their plans. The document argues that modern technology has amplified the threats and horrors of terrorism, and that terrorists misuse engineering fields like electronics and biotechnology to create havoc in the world.
The Bush era has seen remarkable change in the US foreign policy. After 9/ 11 attacks, President Bush (the son) initiated the Bush Doctrine and started his war on terror which had such implications as the invasion of Afghanistan in 2011, and the invasion of Iraq in 2003.
The document discusses terrorism and provides context on its definition, history, and types of terrorist acts. It details how terrorism has been used for centuries in various forms by groups seeking political, social, or religious goals. Specific terrorist groups and their tactics are examined, including Al Qaeda and the types of weapons of mass destruction that may be used. The document also reviews how different government agencies work to counter terrorism within the United States and abroad through intelligence gathering and analysis.
Notes for Terrorism and the Press class taught by Dr. Alvin Plexico at Park University in Millington, TN. The notes are based on the book Terrorism and the Press: An Uneasy Relationship by Brooke Barnett and Amy Reynolds (2008).
This document examines the relationship between globalization and transnational terrorism. It begins with distinguishing between "old" and "new" terrorism, noting how new terrorism since the 1990s has shifted to religious motivations and become more lethal. The author then reviews literature on defining terrorism and globalization. Several dimensions of globalization are discussed, including how economic globalization has increased terrorists' access to information, funding, and weapons through new technologies and financial systems. Regression analysis is used to analyze the impact of different aspects of globalization on transnational terrorist attacks and casualties.
Globalization has allowed terrorism to exist on a global level due to increased technology and interconnectivity. While there is no agreed-upon definition, terrorism generally involves the use or threat of violence against civilians to achieve political goals. Globalization has aided terrorism through expanded air travel, televised news coverage, and access to more dangerous weapons. It has also contributed to cultural, economic, and religious explanations for terrorism. Technologies associated with globalization have improved terrorists' abilities to coordinate attacks, maintain security, gain mobility, and conduct more lethal operations. International efforts aim to curb terrorism through collaboration, but challenges remain around identification, bureaucratic defects, and addressing radicalizing messages.
This document discusses the concept of resilient communities through the lens of early Tennessee settlers who defended themselves from attacks without assistance from North Carolina. It notes stories can provide richness that data cannot and shares a story of frontier families in Tennessee who negotiated with Cherokee for land and later defended themselves from raids without state help. The document discusses authors' views on resilience and calls for research on resilient communities to develop characteristics that would help communities survive and recover from disasters.
This document outlines and discusses various definitions and perspectives on terrorism. It explores the differences between "new" and "old" terrorism in terms of characteristics like martyrdom, the role of religion versus politics, and organizational structure. The document also examines government reactions to terrorism such as counterterrorism and anti-terrorism approaches, and debates around the effectiveness of military force versus political negotiations. Overall, terrorism involves the use of violence for political goals, but definitions and viewpoints vary considerably.
This document discusses globalized terrorism from two perspectives: 1) State terrorism practiced by major Western powers like the US to control natural resources and markets in other countries. This has led to wars, dictatorships, and sponsorship of terror. 2) Terrorism by organizations reacting to Western imperialism in places like the Middle East against military occupations. It argues the US and allies are responsible for social and economic ruin worldwide and instigate conflicts for their interests. According to philosopher Thomas Hobbes, the current international situation resembles a "state of nature" without common laws, where all states act in self-interest through force. To end this state and global wars/bloodshed, the document argues for establishing a democratic world government representing all peoples
The document discusses the history and nature of terrorism. It notes that terrorism has been used for political ends throughout history, from resistance to Roman occupation to modern religiously-motivated attacks. While the death rate from terrorism increased after 9/11, it remains much lower than rates from other causes like accidents or disease. The document examines different types, methods, and motives for terrorism, as well as approaches for prevention and response. Overall, it aims to educate about terrorism while arguing the main thing to fear is fear itself rather than the actual risk, which remains relatively low.
The document discusses the history and nature of terrorism. It notes that terrorism has been used for political ends throughout history, from resistance to Roman occupation to modern nationalist and religious conflicts. While the death rate from terrorism increased after 9/11, it remains much lower than rates from other causes like accidents or disease. The document examines different types, methods, and motives for terrorism, as well as approaches for preventing and responding to terrorist acts.
Terrorism is defined as unlawful violence that intimidates governments or societies for political, religious, or ideological goals. It has a long history dating back to resistance against the Roman Empire, and modern terrorism emerged in the French Revolution. Terrorism takes various forms such as armed attacks, explosives, and biological or chemical weapons. While prevention requires education, surveillance, and addressing root causes, terrorism continues to threaten societies through deadly attacks like 9/11 and the 2008 Mumbai attacks.
This chapter discusses models of terrorism including rural, urban and insurgent models. It examines the evolution of terrorist organizational structures from cells to columns to umbrella organizations. Financing terrorism is also addressed, outlining legal and illegal sources of funds as well as underground financial networks like hawala used to transfer money. The chapter concludes that terrorist organizations are complex groups hampered by their need for secrecy but designed to accomplish missions through guerrilla or terrorist means.
United States Relations with South Africa: A Chronologyelegantbrain
A timeline of key events, from the colonial period to the present, of U.S. relations with South Africa. Includes a timeline of key legislation on the development of apartheid.
intel Second Quarter 2008 Earnings Releasefinance6
Intel reported record second quarter revenue of $9.5 billion, up 9% year-over-year. Net income was $1.6 billion, a 25% increase from the previous year. Operating income grew 67% to $2.3 billion. Looking ahead, Intel expects third quarter revenue between $10-10.6 billion and gross margin around 58%.
- Intel lowered its first-quarter gross margin forecast from 56% to 54% due to lower than expected prices for NAND flash memory chips.
- All other expectations for the first quarter remain unchanged from the previous business outlook published in Intel's fourth quarter earnings release.
- Intel will observe a "Quiet Period" from March 7 until its first-quarter earnings release where it will not update its business outlook.
Sprint Nextel reported second quarter 2008 results including consolidated net operating revenues of $9.1 billion and a diluted loss per share of 12 cents. Adjusted OIBDA was $2.1 billion, an improvement of $87 million from the previous quarter. Post-paid churn improved over 45 basis points from the first quarter to below 2.0%. The company expects higher post-paid subscriber losses and modest pressure on post-paid ARPU in the third quarter. Capital expenditures are expected to remain at levels similar to the first half of the year.
Procurement Trends in the Pharmaceutical IndustryGiovanna Krozel
This document contains photos credited to various photographers including JonoMueller, jdlasica, Keoni Cabral, kenteegardin, Jim Nix / Nomadic Pursuits, NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, and InterGem Jewelry. It encourages the reader to get started creating their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare.
The document discusses the issue of quality and accuracy of chemical structure information online. It presents ChemSpider, a platform for chemical structure data deposition, curation and linking to other online sources. ChemSpider aims to address the problem of incorrect and inconsistent chemical structure data across different websites through features like chemical structure markup, validation using InChI identifiers, and collaborative curation efforts. The goal is to build a single point of reference for reliable chemical structure information on the internet.
fannie mae 2007 Year-End Earnings/Annual Reportfinance6
This document is Fannie Mae's annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. It summarizes Fannie Mae's business operations, financial results, risks, legal proceedings, and other required disclosures. Specifically, it provides an overview of Fannie Mae's mission and role in the housing and mortgage markets, describes its business segments and activities, reviews its financial results for 2007 including net income of $11.8 billion, and identifies various legal, regulatory and operational risks facing the company. The report was filed to comply with SEC reporting requirements for publicly traded companies.
Intel reported fourth quarter revenue of $9.7 billion, operating income of $1.5 billion, and earnings per share of $0.26. For the full year 2006, Intel achieved revenue of $35.4 billion, operating income of $5.7 billion, net income of $5 billion and earnings per share of $0.86. Key highlights included record microprocessor and flash unit sales, and record mobile and server microprocessor revenue. For the first quarter of 2007, Intel expects revenue between $8.7-9.3 billion and earnings per share of approximately $0.30.
Bab lima membahas konfigurasi jaringan lanjut menggunakan perintah ifconfig dan ip pada command line. Perintah-perintah tersebut digunakan untuk mengatur interface jaringan, alamat IP, netmask, dan lainnya. Analisis rute koneksi dari host lokal hingga publik dapat dilakukan menggunakan perintah route, netstat, dan traceroute.
Dokumen tersebut menawarkan solusi akses internet gratis seharga Rp. 750.000 dengan cara membeli software khusus yang dapat membuka password wifi tetangga. Pembeli diminta mengirim SMS konfirmasi setelah pembayaran untuk mendapatkan software tersebut via email.
The Schoharie Valley Townsite project was an ambitious 1960 study by Cornell University students and faculty to design a city that could withstand a nuclear attack. The proposed city would be located in upstate New York and house 9,000 people in underground shelters connected by tunnels. All critical infrastructure like homes, schools and a factory would be built to withstand the blast and fallout from a 20 megaton nuclear bomb detonated 10 miles away. The largely underground design was meant to allow residents to survive and maintain industrial production even after a nuclear attack. While an interesting academic exercise, the project does not seem to have had any real-world impact and civil defense planning declined in the 1960s.
National security&accelerating risks of climate change may 2014ngocjos
The Military Advisory Board updates their 2007 report on how climate change poses national security risks. They find that actions to address climate change have been insufficient and that impacts are occurring faster than anticipated. Climate change exacerbates security issues abroad by increasing threats like water and food scarcity, instability, and extreme weather. It also endangers U.S. national power by threatening infrastructure and military readiness. The Board calls for urgent action to limit greenhouse gases and increase resilience to prevent the worst impacts.
The document summarizes activities at the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC) in 2003. It discusses several key projects:
1) The Five-Nation Project brings together experts from China, India, Pakistan, Russia, and the US to discuss issues like weapons of mass destruction and regional cooperation.
2) CISAC researchers evaluated the largest US terrorism preparedness drill, called TOPOFF-2, which simulated biological and radiological attacks. Their recommendations helped improve emergency response.
3) A study of refugee manipulation examined how armed groups use refugees for political aims, prolonging conflicts, and how international actors sometimes assist this unintentionally through aid.
This document provides an introduction to the concept of strategic latency and how technology is changing concepts of security. It discusses how advances in science and technology can produce threats to national security that remain latent until utilized by an adversary. The document highlights emerging dual-use technologies like synthetic biology that are accessible not just by great powers but also medium powers and non-state actors. It argues that the complexity of today's international system combined with the spread of advanced technology requires new thinking about security concepts. The goal is to understand how strategic latency can arise from technological changes and how it might be addressed.
This was one of my most recent powerpoint presentation. I worked in a small group with 2 other partners. The presentation lasted 1 hour followed by a group discussion.
This document discusses the concept of cross-domain deterrence and the tension between nuclear deterrence and strategic deterrence. It notes that there is agreement within the Department of Defense and Air Force that strategic deterrence is cross-domain deterrence, involving not just nuclear capabilities but also space, cyber, and conventional capabilities. However, there is currently no common framework for ensuring understanding of how these different capabilities interact and integrate to achieve deterrent effects. The document examines challenges in analyzing and planning for cross-domain deterrence in the modern strategic environment.
1
WMD PROLIFERATION: A NEW PHASE TO TERRORISM 2
WMD Proliferation: A New Phase to TerrorismMax Little
American Military University
HLSS498
Professor Stork
12, March, 2016
Research Question
The research question is: How will weapons of mass destruction proliferation develop into a new phase of terrorism in South West Asia? To develop this research question the first topic that was review was weapons of mass destruction (WMD) proliferation. In order to answer the question about WMD proliferation there has to be a basic understanding of what WMD proliferation is. This is developed by asking: What is WMD proliferation? Why does WMD proliferation happen? How does WMD proliferation happen?
Once the basic understanding of WMD proliferation is reached, there must be general knowledge basis that there is research developed on WMD proliferation. Once it is determined, that there is enough research to develop understanding of WMD proliferation, this can develop particular questions that research can be built upon. Some of these questions that can be built upon would be: How will WMD proliferation affect the security of the United States? Who are the main countries to be cautious about as WMD proliferators? What are the contributing factors that develop into WMD proliferation?
To develop the final attributes to the research question this is done by evaluating the questions that were previously stated. Some of these evaluations of the questions would be: Is this research question a common interest to other researchers and others that would examine the material? This is the understanding that answer this research question would be valuable to the field of WMD proliferation. The question is found to be valuable because WMD proliferation is a current problem that needs to be solved. This determines the question to be feasible with the methodologies of reading other published works on WMD proliferation. This crates the ability to reach the research question of: How will weapons of mass destruction proliferation develop into a new phase of terrorism in South West Asia? Creating a research question that is focused and not to narrow.
Purpose statement
The goal of this paper is to examine the effects of WMD proliferation in Pakistan and the areas around the region. That nature of this topic is to create a comparative and chronological analysis of how WMD proliferation adds to the extreme political agenda of terrorists. Constant political instability in Pakistan provides an example of how this could lead to nuclear material or technologies being obtained by terrorist organizations (Kerr, P. & Nikitin, 2012).
More extensive and expanding nuclear programs in Pakistan could lead to accidental WMD proliferation in and around South West Asia (Kerr, P. & Nikitin, 2012). This paper will examine weapons of mass destruction and proliferation. The focus will be on that WMD proliferation could develop into a new phas ...
Harvard University Preventing nuclear terrorism Andy Varoshiotis
This document discusses nuclear security and the threat of nuclear terrorism. It presents two potential scenarios for the state of nuclear security in 2030: a high-security scenario where significant progress has been made, or a low-security scenario where progress has declined. The document analyzes the evolving threat of nuclear terrorism, assesses progress made and remaining gaps, and discusses obstacles to further progress. It concludes by recommending actions needed to achieve continuous improvement in nuclear security to prevent dangerous decline.
MHS 5201, Weapons of Mass Destruction 1 Course Learni.docxaryan532920
MHS 5201, Weapons of Mass Destruction 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Evaluate the evolution of terrorism from the Cold War Era through today.
1.1 Identify the seminal events that shaped domestic terrorism legislation both before and after the
terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
1.2 Evaluate the key factors leading to the growing danger of chemical and biological terrorism.
2. Relate modern-day terrorism to complex terrorism and social networks.
2.1 Define terrorism and the concept of new terrorism.
6. Consider the political, philosophical, and religious perspectives of the various actors in the war on
terror.
6.1 Explain the opportunities and limitations for weapons of mass destruction (WMD) terrorism
globally.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
1.1 Chapter 1.1, Article Review
1.2 Chapter 1.2, Article Review
2.1 Article Review
6.1 Article Review
Reading Assignment
Unit I: Introduction, pp. 1-4
Chapter 1.1: Definitions, Trends, and the Concept of “New Terrorism”, pp. 5-37
Chapter 1.2: The Nature of the Post-09/11 WMD Terrorism Threat, pp. 38-70, 73-83
Unit Lesson
One of the most acute threats to the United States is a terrorist attack using weapons of mass destruction
(WMD). Nonstate facilitators have emerged as a growing WMD proliferation threat in recent years. There are
large quantities of these weapons spread throughout the world in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, and
the Middle East. Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the 1980s, the increased risks of terrorism
have been brought to other nations due to the unknown whereabouts regarding chemical, biological, and
radiological weaponry. Terrorist groups throughout the world have been attempting to acquire WMD in an
effort to cause loss of life, chaos, and disrupt governments in the free world. Terrorist attacks have become
more frequent and are likely to continue due to the funding provided by other communist or terror-related
groups. The rise of new terrorism occurred with the death of Osama Bin Laden and the increase of smaller
cells with acquired weapons, monies, and travel ability. The new form of terrorism is transnational, has very
limited borders, and appears to be more violent than older forms of terrorism under Osama Bin Laden.
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Conceptual Frameworks
MHS 5201, Weapons of Mass Destruction 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
In 2003, the United States and its international partners succeeded in interdicting a shipment of WMD-
related material destined for Libya’s nuclear program. As facts emerged regarding this shipment and its origin,
the U.S. government gained insight into an emerging WMD terrorism risk. Pakistani Nuclear Scientist A. Q.
Khan developed a transnational nuclear proliferation network reaching from Southeast Asia to Europe and
making sensitive technology and WMD- ...
The document announces an upcoming event hosted by the World Affairs Council titled "Challenges to American Power" to be held on March 18-19 at the St. Regis San Francisco. Over the course of the event, speakers and panels will discuss and debate the key issues facing the US, including what policies can best address regional security challenges, which countries are leading the changing global economy, and how the US can achieve a secure and sustainable energy future. The agenda outlines the keynote speakers, panel discussions, and sessions that will explore these timely international issues over the two-day conference.
The document summarizes the work of the Nuclear Security Project (NSP), led by four former senior U.S. statesmen, which aims to reduce nuclear dangers and build support for a world without nuclear weapons. It provides an overview of the NSP's vision and steps outlined in Wall Street Journal op-eds beginning in 2007. It describes the impact and momentum generated, including endorsements from world leaders. It outlines the NSP's activities like conferences, research, and the documentary Nuclear Tipping Point to further the vision and address challenges.
This document provides information about a call for submissions to the Marine Corps University Journal. It is seeking articles on topics related to international relations, national security, policy issues, and geopolitical concerns, with a special interest in articles on Russian topics and those addressing nuclear policies or energy/weapons. Submissions should be between 4,000-10,000 words and follow Chicago Manual of Style formatting. It also seeks book reviewers from related academic fields. Contact information is provided for submitting articles or discussing ideas.
This passage describes the author's return to Vietnam in January 1968 to resume his duties as a CORDS advisor in Hue. Upon arriving in Danang, he encountered signs that sappers had penetrated the base's perimeter. After a delay, he took a short flight on a Pilatus Porter to Hue, where he was met by a friend. Unbeknownst to the author at the time, the communist forces were preparing to launch the Tet Offensive, during which they would seize Hue in a major attack, contradicting the assumption that both sides had spared the city from fighting out of respect for its historical and cultural significance.
The document provides an overview of Project Atom, a study conducted by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) to define recommended U.S. nuclear strategy and posture for 2025-2050. It outlines the study's objective to take a competitive strategies approach and zero-based review of U.S. strategy and posture. Three independent think tanks - Stimson Center, Center for a New American Security, and National Institute for Public Policy - addressed fundamental issues about future U.S. nuclear strategy and posture needs. Their analyses are included in the appendices. The principal author then developed recommended strategy and posture for 2025-2050 based on the analyses and debate.
This document provides a summary of a keynote speech given at the Edward V. Badolato Distinguished Speaker Series on homeland security in 2011. The speech reflected on the 10 years since 9/11 and the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. It discussed the history and structure of DHS, including the agencies originally merged to form DHS. It also summarized the impacts of DHS on employment, procurement contracts, and industry growth in Maryland. Finally, it introduced the keynote speaker, Dr. Lenora Gant from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, to discuss cyber security issues.
This year marks the 70th anniversary of the
Doomsday Clock, a graphic that appeared on the
first cover of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
as it transitioned from a six-page, black-andwhite
newsletter to a full-fledged magazine.
For its first cover, the editors sought an image
that represented a seriousness of purpose and
an urgent call for action. The Clock, and the
countdown to midnight that it implied, fit the bill
perfectly. The Doomsday Clock, as it came to be
called, has served as a globally recognized arbiter
of the planet’s health and safety ever since.
Jeremy CastellanosBased on the articles assigned this week, .docxchristiandean12115
Jeremy Castellanos
Based on the articles assigned this week, the current threat of nuclear weapons being acquired and used in a terrorist attack is low for several reasons. The Department of Defense defines a nuclear weapon as “a complete assembly (i.e., implosion type, gun type, or thermonuclear type), in its intended ultimate configuration which, upon completion of the prescribed arming, fusing, and firing sequence, is capable of producing the intended nuclear reaction and release of energy.” (Joint Publication 3-11)
Nuclear weapons and material are very hard to acquire and have intense security. Although more countries around the world continue to develop their own nuclear weapon capabilities, it is very unlikely for a country to give nuclear weapons or materials to a terrorist organization. To give a terrorist organization nuclear capabilities is not only very dangerous because terrorists do not abide by any laws or treaties, but is also likely to force a war with opposing countries. There are signed treaties that prevent nuclear proliferation and testing.
The United States has so many different organizations within the Intelligence Community, such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Department of Energy that have dedicated units both home and overseas locking down and securing nuclear materials. The United States has an overall mindset, that if we possess nuclear weapons there is a chance that a terrorist organization can too. This is in large due to the rhetoric of our policy makers and media. Although they are trying to take preventive measures, they make terrorist organizations seem more deadly than what they truly are. If everything is a threat, then nothing is a threat.
I think that terrorist trying to achieve nuclear weapons is too hard and is not cost effective. Take for example DAESH right now. They can barely hold their stronghold of Mosul, Iraq and for them to effectively provide logistics, finances and the manpower needed to acquire and build a nuclear weapon is unlikely. They are going to resort to improvised explosive devices (IEDs), vehicle-borne IEDs (VBIEDs), small arms fire and tunnels to continue their operations.
References:
Huessy, P. (2013). Nuclear Zero: World Peace or World Chaos. Family Security Matters, 8.
Wilner, A. S. (2012). Apocalypse Soon? Deterring Nuclear Iran and its Terrorist. Proxies. Comparative Strategy, 31 (1)
Aaron Baca
For this week’s discussion I chose an article called “Are We Prepared?” from the Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). This article evolves around an evaluation of four scenarios involving the potential threat of WMDs occurring in the US. The scenarios include the collapse of the Nonproliferation Regime, Failed WMD-armed State, Biological Terror Campaign and a Nuclear Detonation in a US City. The issues regarding these situations combined can create incomparable obstacles, not .
This document is a thesis submitted to Keele University in 2009 by Gordon Stuart Rhoads investigating multi-organizational confluence in security policy in the United States post 9/11. It examines the creation and implementation of new security policies through the lens of securitization theory and analyzes the localized response in Metropolitan Philadelphia. The thesis focuses on identifying security actors and objects involved in counterterrorism efforts and the challenges that arise from the interplay between organizations under the Department of Homeland Security umbrella.
From across the spectrum of governmental agencies, a selection of suppressive activity is examined relying on quotes from the involved and affected participants themselves.
Similar to Harvard Kennedy School Spring 2015 newsletter (20)
This document provides recommendations for diving operators on risk prevention and mitigation procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. It addresses measures for customer and staff safety including physical distancing, disinfection protocols, managing rental equipment, protective measures on boats, and safely conducting buddy checks, gas sharing, and cylinder refills. The 10 key recommendations cover reception areas, disinfection of surfaces and equipment, controlling rental gear, boat operations, buddy checks, and refilling cylinders. Frequent disinfection and physical distancing are emphasized.
This document provides information on ear equalization for scuba divers. It discusses how pressure changes from diving can cause ear injuries if divers do not properly equalize their ears. It describes the anatomy of the ear and equalization process. It then details six methods for equalizing ears, and provides 10 tips to make equalization easier. Finally, it discusses how to deal with other ear problems like barotrauma and vertigo that can occur from diving issues. The overall goal is to help divers understand ear equalization and protect their ears while scuba diving.
Solarus is an innovative renewable energy company that develops and markets the PowerCollector, a hybrid concentrated photovoltaic and thermal collector. The PowerCollector generates both electricity and heat from solar energy, with efficiencies up to four times greater than conventional solar panels. Solarus seeks to provide affordable, clean energy worldwide in order to alleviate energy poverty and promote sustainable development.
This document summarizes an annual general meeting presentation about LNG market outlook and floating storage and regasification units (FSRUs). The presentation discusses key LNG market figures from 2016, important facts about FSRUs, an industry overview of FSRUs including active projects worldwide, the regasification process used by FSRUs, and potential FSRU projects in the Eastern Mediterranean region including Israel, Egypt, Malta, and potentially Cyprus. The conclusion emphasizes that security of energy sources will require substantial investment, and that a combination of an FSRU and floating LNG facility could position Cyprus in the global LNG market as a producer and user.
The sponsorship opportunity for the COGA Annual General Meeting on May 25, 2017 costs 1000 Euros. Benefits include having promotional materials at the reception table, displaying banners in the conference room, and showing sponsor logos on screens before the AGM. Interested parties should contact Mr. Polis Peratikos, the Executive Secretary of the Cyprus Chamber of Commerce & Industry, for more information.
Cyprus Oil & Gas Association AGM agenda officialAndy Varoshiotis
The Annual General Meeting agenda included a members session from 5pm, followed by the official session at 6pm. The official session was to include a keynote speech by the Minister of Energy on the 3rd Licensing Round, addresses by the President of CCCI and President of COGA on LNG imports and an FRSU solution, and a cocktail reception was scheduled afterwards at 7pm.
This document provides information about solar photovoltaic (PV) energy systems and net metering from Harvest 4 Energy. It discusses the company's full-service installation process, how PV systems can lower energy costs and gain independence. The document then details the application process, installation requirements, licensing process, expenses, required documents, and financing options for a 3kW net metering PV system. Customers can have a PV system installed and pay it off in about 5 years once energy savings are factored in.
Power for all, Renewable Energy Declaration and statement Andy Varoshiotis
This document outlines the goals of the Power for All campaign to promote universal access to affordable and sustainable energy. It notes that over 1 billion people currently lack access to electricity, most living in rural areas. Providing energy access through centralized fossil fuel systems would be too costly, time-consuming, and environmentally damaging. However, decentralized renewable energy solutions could achieve universal access much more quickly and at lower cost while creating jobs. Therefore, the Power for All campaign urges governments and organizations to support decentralized renewable energy through policies, funding, education, and market development initiatives to accelerate access to energy for all.
Harvest 4 Energy Ltd is a Cyprus-based energy consulting firm that provides various oil and gas services including: 1) drilling, production, and reserves optimization as well as enhanced oil recovery techniques; 2) asset evaluation, management, and compliance services; 3) project management, technical consulting, and training. The company's services span upstream, midstream, and downstream oil and gas operations as well as related areas like geophysical surveying and pipeline inspection.
Fidel Castro writes a letter to Nikita Khrushchev on October 28, 1962 regarding the Cuban Missile Crisis. Castro expresses gratitude to Khrushchev for defending Cuba from invasion and preventing nuclear war. However, Castro argues that they should take advantage of the current situation to further strengthen Cuba's independence and sovereignty. Castro believes they have accomplished preventing invasion and aggression, and should continue efforts to build a socialist society in Cuba.
DAN's Smart Guide to Safe Diving outlines 7 common mistakes divers make and how to avoid them: (1) neglecting health and fitness by not being medically cleared to dive or delaying diving when ill; (2) neglecting proper gear maintenance like cleaning equipment after each use and regular servicing; and (3) insufficient dive planning like not researching dive sites and conditions in advance. The document also discusses lack of buoyancy control, diving beyond training levels, running out of air, and not taking personal responsibility for dive safety.
This document discusses the importance of emergency first response training provided by I DIVE Tec Rec Centers Plc. It notes that over 2.4 million people die each year from cardiovascular disease and that survival rates decrease by 10% every minute without treatment. I DIVE Tec offers CPR, AED, and first aid courses that meet international standards and regulatory requirements. Their Emergency First Response program uses simplified learning approaches and positive reinforcement to build confidence in emergency care. I DIVE Tec can also train organizations' staff to become certified Emergency First Response instructors.
I Dive Tec Rec Centers Plc, Scuba Diving Protaras - Ayia Napa Andy Varoshiotis
Divers are connected to the ocean and can protect it through their actions while diving and in daily life. The document provides 10 tips for divers to protect the ocean, including being careful while diving to avoid damaging coral and wildlife, being a role model for new divers, taking only photos and leaving nothing behind, choosing sustainable seafood and destinations, reducing their carbon footprint, speaking out for conservation, and donating to ocean protection organizations.
This document provides a summary of a renewable energy roadmap developed for the Republic of Cyprus. Key components of the analysis were developed by the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology and Cyprus University of Technology. The roadmap examines electricity demand forecasts, electricity supply scenarios, the role of variable renewable energy (VRE), and technologies to provide grid support services from VRE. Scenarios analyze electricity generation pathways to 2030 under different policy assumptions. The roadmap finds that significant deployment of solar PV and wind can meet renewable targets in a cost-effective manner while reducing reliance on imported fossil fuels.
This document summarizes the state of the global oil market in early 2016, when oil prices had collapsed to their lowest levels in over a decade. It finds that despite low prices, oil production continues to grow due to ongoing investments. Major producing countries like Canada, Iran, Iraq, and others are still bringing new production capacity online or restoring existing fields. The only possibilities for a substantial price recovery seem to be unexpected geopolitical events disrupting supply or a formal agreement by producers like OPEC to cut output, though such an agreement would be difficult to implement. Overall, supply appears set to continue outpacing demand in 2016, keeping downward pressure on prices.
Harvard University The energy implications of a nuclear deal between the p51 ...Andy Varoshiotis
The document summarizes a workshop discussing the potential energy implications of a nuclear deal between the P5+1 and Iran. Key points of discussion included:
- Experts anticipated Iran could increase oil production by 800,000 barrels per day within a year of sanctions being lifted, though reaching higher levels would require overcoming obstacles in Iranian decision-making.
- There was debate around how much foreign investment Iran could attract and the challenges it may face re-entering energy markets during a time of low oil prices.
- Lifting sanctions may hasten competition as Iran and other producers increase output and see oil as having limited long-term value, which could impact geopolitics and relations in the region.
This document discusses the petroleum systems of the Levant Basin. It finds that:
1. The Northern Levant Basin contains thick Early Miocene reservoir sands deposited in a deep depositional basin floor, with over 1,000m of net sand in places. These sands contain multiple gas discoveries of over 10 TCF each.
2. The source rocks for the gas include biogenic gas from Oligocene rocks as well as potential for deeper thermogenic gas. Basin modeling also indicates potential for oil in the Northern Levant Basin.
3. The Northern Levant Basin contains large, relatively untested structures like the Phoebe structure, over 40 sqkm in area, that could contain over 7 T
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Harvard Kennedy School Spring 2015 newsletter
1. Spring 2015 www.belfercenter.org
See Inside:
Can China & U.S. Avoid
the Thucydides Trap?
Or will these two world powers
collide in the 21st century?
Does
fear
of a rising power lead
to
T
h
ucydides’ Tra
p8
3
4
5
6
7
12
13
13
Confronting Dangerous Climate Change
What if Iran Negotiations Fail?
Facing U.S.-Russia Tensions
Q&A with Matthew Bunn
Spotlight on Juliette Kayyem
Featured Fellows: Brandon Parker and
Cristine Russell
Students Experience Middle East Issues
Energy Fellowship Fosters Exploration
Ashton B. Carter, a former director of the
Belfer Center and professor at Harvard Ken-
nedy School, was confirmed in February as the
25th secretary of defense of the United States.
Carter served as deputy secretary of defense from
2011–13 and previously was under secretary of
defense for acquisition, technology, and logistics.
In earlier administrations, he served in both the
Department of Defense and Department of State.
“Ash Carter’s confirmation as secretary of
defense makes all of us at the Belfer Center proud,”
said Center Director Graham Allison. “Ash’s
expertise and dual background in science and
policy make him uniquely qualified for managing
the challenges posed by today’s unconstrained ene-
mies and constrained resources. He also embodies
a rare mix of academic depth and managerial savvy
with an even rarer ability to build a consensus for
progress in Washington.”
Outside of government, Carter has spent much
of his professional life at Harvard Kennedy School
and the Belfer Center. A highly regarded physicist,
he began as an assistant professor in 1984, rose to
professor, and served from 1990–93 as director of
the Kennedy School’s Center for Science and Inter-
national Affairs (now the Belfer Center).
As Center director in 1991, when the dissolu-
tion of the Soviet Union was imminent, Carter and
Center colleagues Steven E. Miller, Kurt Camp-
bell, and Charles Zraket worked around the clock
to produce the first comprehensive analysis of what
could happen to the Soviet Union’s nuclear weap-
ons. This report directly influenced the creation
of the Nunn-Lugar Act and helped secure nuclear
weapons in the former Soviet republics. (For more,
see belfercenter.org/SovietWeapons.) Later at the
Center, Carter co-led the Preventive Defense Proj-
ect with Stanford University’s William Perry with
the aim of preventing potential national and inter-
national threats from becoming major crises.
Former Center Director Named Defense Secretary
Teaching Days: Harvard Kennedy School Assistant Professor Ashton Carter meets with a student at the
Kennedy School in 1985. Carter joined the faculty at the School in 1984.
“Ash’s expertise and
dual background in
science and policy make
him uniquely qualified...”
–Graham Allison
by SharonWilke
APPHOTO
HARVARDKENNEDYSCHOOL
Afghan Assessment: U.S. Secretary of Defense Ashton B. Carter (left) walks with U.S. Army Gen. John
Campbell upon arrival at Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul, Afghanistan on Feb. 21, 2015.
2. most seasoned and respected practitioners of
national defense strategy, is coming back to the
Center where he was once a young postdoc to lead
a study of the future of great power conflict.”
“I am extremely pleased to join the Belfer
Center,” Miller said, “and grateful to work with
such a talented team on the future of great power
crisis and conflict. After doing my graduate work
here years ago, it’s like returning home.”
As under secretary from May 2012 to January
2014, Miller advised Defense Secretaries Leon
Panetta and Chuck Hagel on strategy, policy, and
operations, and served as the department’s deputy
for National Security Council policymaking and
crisis management.
Miller: Preventing War Among the Great Powers
James N. Miller, former under secretary of
defense for policy, has joined the Belfer Center
as a senior fellow.At the Center, Miller is leading a
project on preventing war among the great powers.
His objective is to develop recommendations to
deal with changing dynamics of crisis manage-
ment and escalation control that may arise from
the deployment of increasingly advanced military
capabilities, including in space and cyberspace.
“From Ukraine and the South China Sea to
cyberspace, identifying potential crises between
great powers, and finding ways to prevent them
before they start, is one of the Belfer Center’s
highest priorities,” said Director Graham Allison.
“We are grateful that Jim Miller, one of America’s
• Gary Samore & Payam Mohseni on the Iranian nuclear challenge
• Susan Hockfield on the convergence of engineering and biology
• Calestous Juma on technologies enabling Africa to feed itself
• Matt Bunn on U.S.-Russia nuclear security
• Rob Stavins on the next generation of climate agreements
• Venky Narayanamurti, Laura Diaz Anadon, and Matt Bunn on
transforming U.S. energy innovation
And I have just gotten started. Helping leaders and policymakers
around the globe see around the corner or over the horizon has always
been, and always will be, central to the Center’s work. Our record of
policy-relevant, incisive analysis is a major reason why the University
of Pennsylvania recently named the Belfer Center the world’s No. 1
university-affiliated think tank. It’s an honor we have received two
years in a row and in three of the past four years.
While we are grateful to be so recognized, our remarkable faculty,
fellows, and staff are not motivated by rankings. They are driven by
an unwavering commitment to confronting the world’s most critical
challenges in science and international affairs.
Being responsive to news events
is natural for a Center whose
mission includes “advancing poli-
cy-relevant knowledge.” From NPR
and Al Jazeera to Bloomberg and
The New York Times, the interviews
our faculty and fellows give and the commentary they write provide
crucial insight about fast-moving developments.
We are mindful, however, of the dangers of “short-termism”—
trading depth for speed, analysis for punditry, and research for reaction.
Indeed, at a gathering of dozens of world-renowned research centers
in Geneva last December hosted by think tank expert Jim McGann,
many expressed anxiety about the deleterious impact of 24/7 media
pressure on their long-term research agendas.
We believe the Belfer Center is striking the right balance on this
challenge. As I review our major research projects, I am struck by the
scope and profundity of the challenges they address. Among many that
stand out:
• Joe Nye on the future of American power
• Kevin Rudd, Dick Rosecrance, Steve Miller, and me on U.S.-
China relations
• Nick Burns on the need for robust diplomacy
• Jim Miller on preventing war among great powers
• Farah Pandith on stopping extremist recruitment of Muslim youth
• Dan Poneman on America’s energy transformation
• Dave Petraeus on N. America as the next great emerging market
• Leonardo Maugeri, Holly Morrow, and Morena Skalamera on oil
and gas markets
• Meghan O’Sullivan on the geopolitics of energy
• Michael Morell on the CIA’s war against al-Qaeda
• Alex Klimburg on global cyber security
2
“Helping leaders and policymakers around
the globe see around the corner or over the
horizon has always been, and always will be,
central to the Center’s work.”
Countering Extremism: Future of Diplomacy Project fellow Farah Pandith talks
about how to stop the spread of radicalization on ABC’s “This Week,” one of many
appearances Pandith made following the Charlie Hebdo attack.
FROM THE DIRECTOR
This popular course by Graham
Allison and David Sanger is
available free online.
>> Register at:
belfercenter.org/hks211
Central Challenges of American National
Security, Strategy and the Press: hks211.2x
3. An earlier screening of A Fierce Green
Fire, which looks at a 50-year span of the envi-
ronmental movement, provided a historical
backdrop for discussing activism at Harvard
and beyond. Harvard College senior Chloe
Maxmin, co-founder of Divest Harvard, told
the audience that environmental issues are
important to today’s youth “because our gen-
eration is seeing the worst [of the] impacts …
it affects our generation the hardest.”
“The reason why things are the way they
are is because someone benefits….That’s
why activism is important,” said HKS student
Mick Power, a lawyer and environmental
campaigner from Australia.
Recently, Boston’s extreme snowfall—and
the HKS February 10 shutdown—derailed a
public talk by New York Times energy and
environment reporter Coral Davenport.
ENRP hopes to reschedule the talk.
The film & lecture series are part of an ongoing
ENRP “Media, Energy and Environment” series
organized by Cristine Russell and Amanda
Sardonis with help from HKS student Amanda
Dominguez and ENRP’s Natalie Rios.
From the endangered Arctic to the nation’s
capital, the challenges posed by human-
caused climate change have been front and
center at the Belfer Center’s Environment and
Natural Resources Program (ENRP).
ENRP sponsored a delegation of 12 HKS
students and Belfer Center research fellows
to attend the 2014 Arctic Circle Assembly,
held in Reykjavik, Iceland from October 29
to November 2. The Assembly convened del-
egations from 40 nations as well as senior
industry and NGO leaders to discuss national
security and energy as well as environmental
issues facing the region.
ENRP organized a plenary session on
“The Arctic, Climate Change, and the Role
of Renewable Energy,” where Energy
Technology Innovation Policy fellow Zhu
Liu presented his research on China’s carbon
footprint and the implications for global
climate mitigation. ENRP co-sponsored a pre-
assembly workshop on renewable energy with
Reykjavik University, titled “The Energy
Industry: Global Challenges and Future
Opportunities.” Presenters included Liu and
Belfer Center STPP/ETIP fellow Claudia
Doblinger. HKS PhD candidate Trisha
Shrum also presented at the Assembly.
The President of Iceland, Ólafur Ragnar
Grímsson, welcomed the HKS delegation
“The reason why things are
the way they are is because
someone benefits from it
being that way….That’s why
activism is important.”
–Mick Power
and announced the establishment of an
Arctic network for young researchers. Since
their return, the students and fellows have
explored ways to bring the Assembly issues
to the wider HKS community. ENRP director
Henry Lee and assistant director Amanda
Sardonis organized the Iceland trip as part
of an ongoing program focus on the Arctic.
“The Arctic is the last frontier. It is both
a barometer of the looming threat of climate
change and the source of enormous economic
potential,” said Lee. “While student partici-
pation in the Iceland conference was very
impressive, we want to continue to bring cli-
mate-related events to HKS as well.”
An ENRP fall environ-
mental film series on campus,
co-sponsored by the Energy
& Environment Professional
Interest Council, focused on
climate concerns. A Novem-
ber 19 screening of the 2014
documentary, Extreme Reali-
ties: The Link Between Severe
Weather, Climate Change,
and Our National Security,
included a panel discussion
with speakers familiar with the
melting Arctic. They included
Lt. Katie Burkhart, a U.S.
Navy reserve HKS student, Capt. Michael
A. Mullen, U.S. Coast Guard and National
Security Program fellow formerly stationed in
Alaska, and Harvard climate scientist James
J. McCarthy, board chair of the Union of
Concerned Scientists.
Climate Matters: Members of the Arctic Circle delegations from HKS and Tufts at the Gullfoss Waterfall in Iceland. Pictured (from left to right): Halla Hrund Logadóttir,
director of Iceland School of Energy, Kartikeya Singh (Tufts), Claudia Doblinger, Kai Tsai Ku, Katie Burkhart, Jennie Hatch, Sebastian Serra, Jennifer Austin, Trisha
Shrum, Zhu Liu (all HKS), and Professor William Moomaw (Tufts). Not pictured, HKS delegates Carolyn DuPont, Gregoire Jayot, Nicholas Kang, and Jess Newman.
3
Covering Controversy: Students Giovana Girardi, Anneli Tostar, and
Will Toraason present points made by New York Times’Coral Davenport
(on poster) in an informal discussion on covering climate and energy in
Washington, D.C. Her official presentation was postponed by snow.
by Cristine Russell
Responds to the Belfer
Center panel discussion on
climate change denialism:
“Crossing the 2014 Climate
Divide: Scientists, Skeptics
and the Media.”
@AlGore“Global warming denial is
political, not scientific. 97%
of climate scientists agree
that the crisis is real &
manmade. ow.ly/tMRxj”
8:35 am - 20 Feb 2014
ARCTICCIRCLEASSEMBLY
Confronting Dangerous Climate Change
4. 4
What if the Iran
Negotiations Fail?
The Belfer Center’s Iran Project and the Project on Managing the
Atom (MTA) co-sponsored a luncheon panel on the Iranian nuclear
negotiations and scenarios for the potential breakdown of current inter-
national talks on Iran, titled “And Then What? Imagining the Middle
East if Nuclear Negotiations with Iran Fail.”
Because the number of regional and global actors with stakes in
Iran’s nuclear trajectory is so high, a failure of negotiations would
have far-reaching consequences for international affairs. But the precise
nature of those consequences remains uncertain, as different scenarios
leading to the breakdown of talks could produce distinct pathways for
the aftermath of diplomatic failure. The event hosted by the Belfer
Center examined the possibilities and scenarios for such a failure.
In particular, the panelists discussed whether negotiations would
end with the P5+1 united or divided and how this would affect the
prospects of further multilateral sanctions as well as the constraints on
the behavior of Iran and its regional rivals. Discussions also addressed
whether the failure of negotiations could lead to increased confrontation
and escalation in the Middle East and whether further extensions in the
negotiations are possible.
The event featured four speakers, providing specialized perspectives
on the various players directly or indirectly involved in the Iranian
nuclear negotiations. The speakers included Gary Samore, Harvard
Belfer Center’s executive director and former White House WMD coor-
dinator, Shai Feldman, director of the Crown Center for Middle East
Studies at Brandeis University, Alexei Arbatov, scholar in residence at
the Carnegie Endowment Moscow Center’s Nonproliferation Program,
and Seyed Hossein Mousavian, research scholar at Princeton Univer-
sity’s Program on Science and Global Security and former negotiator
for the Islamic Republic of Iran. The event was chaired by Payam
Mohseni, director of the Iran Project at the Belfer Center.
Iran
And Then What? Seyed Hossein Mousavian, a research scholar at Princeton and
former negotiator for Iran, makes a point during a panel discussion on what might
happen if the Iran nuclear negotiations fail. Co-sponsored by the Center’s Iran
Project and Project on Managing the Atom, the event also included panelists Gary
Samore (left), Payam Mohseni (right), and Shai Feldman (not pictured).
POINTS OF PROGRESS AROUND THE WORLD
Agriculture Climate Change
Breeding new crops using genes from other species has
been a source of considerable public controversy and inter-
national trade conflicts. New advances in genetic editing of
crops could reduce international trade and diplomatic con-
flicts by breeding crops without the transfer of genes from
other species.
–Calestous Juma
Director, Science, Technology,
and Globalization Project
On November 12, 2014, the presidents of China and the
United States issued a joint announcement in which these
countries—the world’s two largest greenhouse gas emitters—
made pledges of their contributions under the forthcoming
2015 Paris Climate Agreement. This joint commitment rep-
resents some 44 percent of global emissions, and more than
50 percent with Europe already on board, compared with the
14 percent of global emissions currently covered by the Kyoto
Protocol. This was among the most important moments in 20
years of international climate negotiations.
–Robert Stavins
Director, Harvard Project
on Climate Agreements
Because the number of regional and global
actors with stakes in Iran’s nuclear trajectory
is so high, a failure of negotiations would
have far-reaching consequences
for international affairs.
POLICY CHALLENGES IN GLOBAL HOT
5. 5
U.S.-Russia Conference
Aims to Reduce Tensions
For two days in October, Russian and American experts met at the
Belfer Center to discuss the state of U.S.-Russia relations and look
for glimmers of hope. Unfortunately, few were seen. The conflict in
Eastern Ukraine is only the most urgent manifestation of a deeply
troubled relationship between Russia and the West—in particular the
United States. As one Russian participant stated, “We should deal first
with the problems that existed even before Ukraine.”
The conference, organized by the Belfer Center’s Kevin Ryan and
hosted by Center director Graham Allison, was one of the few gather-
ings of U.S. and Russian policy-influencers able to meet in these tense
times. Experts drawn from diplomatic, business, military, and academic
professions discussed U.S. and Russian national interests, looking for
convergence and conflicts. Among the few bright spots: P5+1 Talks
with Iran, Syrian chemical weapons removal and destruction, New
Start Treaty implementation, and space exploration. The almost total
shutdown of intergovernmental communication below the ministerial
levels means that conferences such as this will become more important
to finding solutions to U.S.-Russian problems.
Common Goals: Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Secu-
rity Rose Gottmoeller discusses the importance of cooperation on global security
issues with participants in the Center’s U.S.-Russian relations conference.
Critical Communications: Participants in the Center’s conference“Crisis in U.S.-Russian Relations”listen to comments in Russian and English.
Chemical Weapons in Syria Nuclear Terrorism
Our faculty and fellows are immersed in studying and solving some of the world’s toughest policy challenges. Amid that sobering
work, they sometimes spot positive developments. We asked them to share these findings in this new feature.
The elimination of the WMD chemical stockpiles in Syria
represents a remarkable success story: a collaboration
between entities that are public adversaries and disagree
on most things. Russia, the United States, and Syria each
had its own reason for removing and destroying the chemi-
cal weapons and materials. But imagine today a radical ISIS
group, which has promised to attack the U.S. and the West,
with chemical weapons in their hands. This joint success has
made us all safer.
–Kevin Ryan
Director, Defense and
Intelligence Project
More than half of all the countries in the world that once
had potential nuclear bomb material on their soil have elim-
inated it. The risk that nuclear material could be stolen from
these countries and fall into terrorist hands is now zero. In
particular, the Obama administration helped eliminate all the
highly enriched uranium (HEU) from Ukraine, and the Bush
administration from Libya, before fighting started in those
countries. The HEU in Iraq was long gone when the Islamic
State seized major portions of the country. Imagine what
might have happened had those successes not occurred.
–Matthew Bunn
Professor of Practice, HKS
SPOTS
Russia
6. Matthew Bunn is a professor of practice at Harvard Kennedy School and co-principal investigator for the Belfer Center’s Project on
ManagingtheAtom.Bunn’sresearchfocusisonnucleartheftterrorism,nuclearproliferation,andinnovationinenergytechnology.
During the Clinton administration, Bunn served as an advisor to the White House Office of Science Technology Policy, where he
played a major role in U.S. policies related to the control and disposition of weapons-usable nuclear materials in the United States
and the former Soviet Union. We asked Bunn about the current crisis in U.S.-Russian relations and its impact on nuclear security.
QRussia recently announced it would
no longer cooperate with the United
States on most of the nuclear security
projects that had been underway, nearly
ending a 20-year partnership to secure
weapons material. How significant is this
development?
It’s a dramatic development. At least for
now, more than 20 years of U.S.-Russian
cooperation to dismantle and control the dan-
gerous legacies of the Cold War has come to
an end—except for a few modest remaining
projects.
Practically, cutting off the bulk of this
work will mean Russia’s nuclear materials will
be at more risk of being stolen. The biggest
planned security and accounting upgrades in
Russia have been done, and nuclear security
in Russia today is dramatically better than it
was in the 1990s. But nuclear security is never
really finished—you have to focus on contin-
ual improvement in the face of an evolving
threat, particularly given the widespread cor-
ruption and insider theft in Russia today.
QWhat can be done to turn the
situation around?
Probably the most important step would
be progress in resolving the crisis in Ukraine.
But even without that, we should try to find
ways to allow technical experts from both
sides to discuss common nuclear security
issues and work on ways to fix them. Track
II, backchannel dialogues to lay out poten-
tial paths forward, may be important in the
months to come. We need approaches that are
based on an equal partnership, with ideas and
resources coming from both sides, rather than
a donor-recipient relationship.
QYou and Scott Sagan from Stanford
University recently published a
“worst practices” guide about protecting
against insider threats. What did you
learn from that project, and how worried
should the rest of us be?
Insiders pose the most serious dangers that
high-security organizations face. They know
the security systems and their weaknesses,
and the other employees know and trust them
and tend to write off odd behavior rather than
noticing it. Sagan and I are finishing an edited
book on coping with insider threats, with
cases ranging from the 2001 anthrax attacks
to green-on-blue attacks in Afghanistan. The
thing I learned in this project that surprised and
worries me most is just how many red flags
organizations are capable of overlooking—
including insiders complaining about their
own violent paranoia.
QHow do you see political calculations
influencing the policy debate over
protecting nuclear stockpiles?
Fortunately, keeping nuclear bombs and
their essential ingredients out of terrorist
hands has been a bipartisan issue for two
decades, with real heroes on both sides of the
aisle.
Currently, though, I’m concerned that
the deep freeze in U.S.-Russian relations is
making it politically unacceptable in either
capital to push for sensible steps on nuclear
cooperation. That’s too bad, as discussions
among technical people have often been a
crucial backchannel that helped keep dialogue
alive and helped the governments overcome
obstacles.
QWhat was your journey line into the
world of nuclear nonproliferation?
It was the peak of the Cold War when I
went to college, and people genuinely wor-
ried we might all be incinerated in a nuclear
holocaust. I took a course on nuclear weapons
and arms control. I got a summer job with that
professor that ended up taking me three years –
and by that time I was hooked. After finishing
my master’s thesis, I went off to Washington
and worked at the Arms Control Association,
at the National Academy of Sciences, and at
the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
Eventually John Holdren—now President
Obama’s science advisor—lured me up to the
Kennedy School, where I’ve been ever since.
6
Q&A: Matthew Bunn
“I’m concerned that
the deep freeze in U.S.-
Russian relations is making
it politically unacceptable
in either capital to push for
sensible steps on nuclear
cooperation.”
“Insiders pose the most
serious dangers
that high-security
organizations face.”
Back to the Future: Matthew Bunn (standing, left) and John P. Holdren (right) brief President Bill Clinton on
nuclear security in Russia in May 1995. Then director and chair of the President’s Committee of Advisors on
Science andTechnology, Bunn and Holdren were joined by then NSC directors Daniel Poneman (seated center),
current Belfer senior fellow, and Belfer alumna Jessica Stern, with Jack Gibbons, science advisor.
WHITEHOUSE
7. Juliette Kayyem is a lecturer in public policy at Harvard Kennedy School and former executive director for research at the Belfer
Center. She teaches courses on emergency management and national security, issues informed by her experience in state and
federal government. She served as President Obama’s assistant secretary for intergovernmental affairs at the Department of
Homeland Security, where she helped handle the H1N1 pandemic and BP oil spill response. She also is founder of one of the few
female-owned security businesses and works as a journalist and commentator.
homeland security advisor to Gov. Deval
Patrick. In that role, she was responsible
for (among other things) making a decision
that impacted millions of families and first
responders across the state: whether to call a
snow day—an ironic role for a native Califor-
nian who loves paddle-boarding, surfing, and
beach volleyball. Under President Obama,
she became a top official at the Department of
Homeland Security, managing crises as varied
as H1N1, the BP oil spill, and the earthquake
in Haiti.
In those high-stakes roles, she has helped
shape America’s understanding of the balance
between national security and civil liber-
ties in the post-9/11 era. “Our tolerance for
greater governmental action or fewer privacy
rights always has to be judged by the security
situation of the time,” she says, but “the foun-
dations of the debate must be formed by clear
rules, oversight, some review—whether it’s
Juliette Kayyem knows how to have a
100 percent safe Olympics—don’t have
an Olympics. Because perfect security is not
possible, Kayyem says public officials should
aim instead for perfect planning.
That insight will undoubtedly shape
the epic preparations Boston will undertake
should it win the right to host the 2024 Olym-
pic Games. For Kayyem, a board member
of the Boston 2024 Olympic Committee,
such preparation—including public safety,
sustainable development, and infra-
structure investment – would be the
culmination of a career devoted to
homeland security and progressive
politics.
Kayyem says too often the
“home” part of homeland security
is neglected.
“People always see homeland
security through the lens of terrorism,” she
says. “But it’s really about risk reduction.”
The virtue of preparedness is a key theme of
her forthcoming book, Home Sweet Home-
land: The Education of a Security Mom.
Building on her experiences as a mother of
three and as a government official confronting
oil spills, hurricanes, terrorists, and flu epi-
demics, she explains the gift of knowledge in
facing a scary world. She connects the traits
of strength and grit to progressive priorities,
including broadly shared prosperity, crimi-
nal justice and immigration reform, climate
change adaptation, and stricter gun control.
Kayyem embraced those issues in her
long-shot Massachusetts gubernatorial bid
last year. Though falling short, Kayyem has
no regrets. “I absolutely loved running for
governor,” she says. “We knew it was going
to be tough, given the field.” The advice she
would give Harvard Kennedy School stu-
dents? “Anything can happen, and even in the
losing there is a lot to be gained.” The real
regret, she notes, would have been staying on
the sidelines and wondering “What if...?”
It’s hard to imagine Kayyem, who
returned to lecturing at HKS this semester
even as she runs her own security consulting
business, on the sidelines in anything.
After graduating from Harvard Law
School, Kayyem began her career as a civil
rights attorney and later as a lecturer at Har-
vard Kennedy School and executive director
at the Belfer Center before being named
judicial or congressional—and a commitment
to either sunset provisions or a tolerance for
looking back and being willing to reassess.”
Many Bostonians got to know Kayyem
through her writing as a Boston Globe col-
umnist. Her work on national security and
foreign affairs included a series of essays
making the case that the Pentagon should end
its exclusion of American women in combat
roles. That series not only earned her a cov-
eted place as a Pulitzer Prize finalist but also
made her a leading change agent: The Pen-
tagon granted women full access to
combat roles a year later.
Public servants who push for
policy changes within government,
she says, count on pressure from
outside voices to help them make
their case. Tenacity is imperative. “I
was ruthless” in those debates about
women in combat roles, she says. “I
remember even my editor said, ‘You’re doing
another one?!’” But she drew perseverance
from feedback inside the Pentagon. “I got a
call from someone in the secretary’s office
after one of my columns [who] said, ‘There’s
a lot of white knuckles after that one.’ And
that’s good. If government can’t defend itself,
then maybe it’s time for a change.”
“People always see homeland security
through the lens of terrorism.
But it’s really about risk reduction.”
7
Spotlight: Juliette Kayyem
Reducing Risk: Juliette Kayyem (center) considers a question following her presentation “Counterterrorism in
the age of Charlie Hebdo”at a Belfer Center Board of Directors lunch.
by Josh Burek
8. 8
Will the U.S. and China Co
Avoiding Thucydides’ Trap
More than 2500 years ago, Thucydides, the Athenian historian and general, wrote his history of the Peloponnesian
War. In his oft-quoted summary, he concludes: “It was the rise of Athens and the fear that this inspired in Sparta that
made war inevitable.” In a forthcoming article, Graham Allison writes that “the defining question about global
order for this generation is whether China and the U.S. can escape Thucydides’ Trap.”
Reviewing the past 500 years, Allison finds that in 12 of 16 cases where a rising power threatened to
displace a ruling power, the result was war. He notes that while a war between the U.S. and China seems
remote, the 100th anniversary of World War I reminds us of “man’s capacity for folly.”
“On the current trajectory, war between the U.S. and China in the decades ahead is not just pos-
sible, but much more likely than currently recognized,” Allison contends. Indeed, he writes, “on the
historical record, war is more likely than not.”
The Next Great War: The Roots of World War I and the Risk of U.S.-China Conflict, a new
publication edited by the Center’s Richard Rosecrance and Steven E. Miller, suggests that while
there are differences between today’s world and 1914, there are also some unsettling similarities
between the current China-U.S. relationship and conditions that led to WWI.
In U.S. China 21: Constructive Realism, Common Purpose, a report to be released this spring,
former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, a senior fellow at the Belfer Center, argues that
the U.S. and China can avoid Thucydides’Trap by better understanding each other and undertaking
a series of measures to build strategic trust. The report emerges from a major study at the Center,
headed by Rudd, on the possibilities and impacts of a new strategic relationship between China and
the United States.
Harvard Distinguished Service Professor Joseph S. Nye warns of the dangers of a self-fulfilling
prophecy in his newly released book Is the American Century Over? The rise of China, he writes, “recalls
Thucydides’other warning that belief in the inevitability of conflict can become one of its main causes. Each
side, believing it will end up at war with the other, makes reasonable military preparations which then are read
by the other side as confirmation of its worst fears.”
“One of the most troublesome aspects of the international order in 1914 is partially reproduced today. If there is one
warning that particularly leaps out from the pages of this volume, it is the danger of entrapping alliances. The most likely
route to war with China is via a dispute involving one or more of the United States’Asian allies. This is not a purely
hypothetical danger. Asia’s many territorial disputes, on both land and sea, are potential flash points.”
–Steven E. Miller
The Next Great War?
In The Next Great War? The Roots of World War I and the Risks of U.S.-China Conflict,
leading experts reconsider the causes of World War I and explore whether the great powers
of the twenty-first century can avoid the mistakes of Europe’s statesmen in 1914 and prevent
another catastrophic conflict. They find differences as well as similarities between today’s
world and the world of 1914—but conclude that only a deep understanding of those differ-
ences and early action to bring great powers together will likely enable the United States
and China to avoid a great war.
Find out more at: belfercenter.org/NextGreatWar
?
9. 9
ollide in the 21st
Century?
Graham Allison From a Forthcoming Publication
“Thucydides went to the heart of the matter in focusing on the inexorable, structural stress caused by a
rapid shift in the balance of power between two rivals. Note that Thucydides identified two key drivers
that create this structural dynamic: the rising power’s growing sense of its importance, entitlement, and
demand for greater respect...on the one hand, and the insecurity, fear, and determination to defend the
status quo this engenders in the established power, on the other.”
“In sum, Thucydides’ Trap refers to the
natural, inevitable, inescapable discom-
bobulation that accompanies a tectonic
shift in the relative power of a rising
and ruling state. Under such conditions,
unexpected actions by third parties that
would otherwise be manageable can
provide a spark that leads to results
neither major competitor would have
chosen.”
Kevin Rudd From His Forthcoming Report, U.S.-China 21*
“The core question for the future of U.S.-China relations is the extent to which the values divide
renders broader cooperation between Washington and Beijing ultimately futile.
Specifically, the core question from the American perspective is whether or not China, because of its
successful economic development program, will ultimately transition and therefore become an active
supporter and participant in the international liberal rules-based order. Or alternatively, whether China
will succeed in defying Fukuyama’s ‘end of history’ and produce an entirely different, sustainable model
of political economy for China’s long-term future, which in turn, will also deeply shape China’s view of
the world.
For China, the related core question is whether the United
States fundamentally accepts the legitimacy of their current
political system, or whether China concludes that the United
States is either directly or indirectly working to subvert that
system. While this may seem an obscure and unsubstantiated
point from the perspective of most Western analysts, the
same analysts may be surprised to learn how profoundly this
question of perceived political legitimacy underpins much of
the U.S.-China relationship.
The question for the future is whether a common landing
point is possible between these different value systems.
Or at least a landing point that does not prevent the stable
development of other critical dimensions of the U.S.-
China relationship. Or impede U.S.-China cooperation in
strengthening the existing international rules-based order.”Future Relations: Kevin Rudd (right), former prime minister of Australia, shares a
light moment with Belfer Center Director Graham Allison during Rudd’s presen-
tation to the Center’s China Working Group on his report findings.
?
China’s economy, as compared to U.S.
GDP (PPP)
1980
10%
7%
6%
16% 2,875%
106%
60%
101%
2014
GDP (USD)
Exports (USD)
Reserves (USD)
* Rudd’s report was not finalized at press time.
10. 10
Security and Policy: JaneHarman, former United States congresswoman and pres-
ident of theWilson Center, discusses security issues during a Belfer Center seminar.
During nine terms in Congress, she served on all the major security committees.
International Council member Albert Carnesale also took part in the discussion.
International Concerns: During a Belfer Center Board of Directors lunch, former
President of Finland Tarja Halonen makes a point about national security follow-
ing a talk by Juliette Kayyem on “Counterterrorism in the Age of Charlie Hebdo.”
Finland’s first female head of state, she served from 2000–2012.
Policy Prescription: Richard Haass, president of the Council on Foreign Relations,
discusses “American Foreign Policy: What’s Broken and How to Fix It.” Haass, who
was a lecturer in public policy at Harvard Kennedy School from 1985–1991, is a
former director of policy planning for the Department of State.
Russian Insight: Sergei Karaganov (center), director of the Council for Foreign and
Defense Policy, and Sergei Rogov, director of the Institute for U.S. and Canadian
Studies, join journalist and Shorenstein Center fellow Jill Dougherty for a Forum
discussion of major Russian challenges.
Fear Itself: David Rothkopf, CEO and editor of Foreign Policy magazine, discusses
his latest book National Insecurity: American Leadership in an Age of Fear. The book
provides a new perspective on the years since 9/11 and the key players who
shaped this era in the United States.
Equality and Security: Mohamed ElBaradei, director general emeritus of the
International Atomic Energy Agency, discusses nuclear security in his “Robert
McNamara Lecture on War and Peace” at the JFK Jr. Forum in November. The event
was co-sponsored by the Belfer Center.
MARTHASTEWART
BELFER SPEAKERS
MARTHASTEWART
11. 11
Varying Views: Dan Meridor (right), former deputy prime minister and minister of
intelligence of Israel, and Prince Turki Al-Faisal (center), former director of Saudi
Arabia’s intelligence agency, discuss “Instability in the Middle East” in a John F.
Kennedy, Jr. Forum event moderated by Graham Allison.
Uranium Power: In a Project on Managing the Atom Seminar, Ambassador
Tetsuya Endo, executive director of the Japanese Institute of International Affairs
and former vice chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of Japan, discusses
“The Future of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle in Japan.”
America’s Future: Belfer Center senior fellows David H. Petraeus (left), former
director of the CIA, and Robert B. Zoellick (speaking), former president of the
World Bank, discuss “North America: Time for a New Focus,” a report of a CFR task
force they co-chair. Also pictured: CFR’s Shannon O’Neil and ABC’s David Karl.
Rights and Wrongs: Michael Morell, former deputy director of the Central
Intelligence Agency and senior fellow at the Belfer Center, shares“Thoughts about
the Senate Report on CIA Detention and Interrogations” during a lively session at
a Belfer Center Director’s lunch.
CIA in Transition: Mary Margaret Graham, a 29-year veteran of the Central
Intelligence Agency, speaks on “How 9-11 Changed the National Security
Establishment—for Better and Worse” during a Defense and Intelligence seminar
in the Belfer Center library.
Powerful Forces: General Joseph Votel III, commander of the United States
Special Operations Command, talked with Kennedy School students following his
presentation on “The Role of Special Operations in American Foreign Policy” at a
Defense and Intelligence seminar hosted by Kevin Ryan (center).
KRISTYNULANDAYKAVEHSARDARI(CFR)
12. 12
FEATURED FELLOWS
As a young man in the small city of Ogden, Utah, Brandon Parker
found himself increasingly interested in the U.S. Air Force, a
service where his stepfather had made his career. Recruited by the
Air Force Academy to play basketball, Parker didn’t initially want to
become a pilot. But after his initial flight-screening program, he called
his mother out of excitement to let her know that he had found exactly
what he was meant to do. Until recently, Lieutenant Colonel Parker
commanded a nuclear bomber unit based in North Dakota. This year,
Parker, a research fellow with the Center’s International Security Pro-
gram/Project on Managing the Atom, is conducting research on nuclear
nonproliferation.
Parker had the option of a year at the Belfer Center or at a war
college. He selected the Belfer Center because of its long history and
strong relationship with U.S. military personnel. Being surrounded by
nuclear scholars and other researchers has helped him step outside of
his military-based perspective, he said. “They think rigorously about
security matters, but they think about them in a way that I don’t. It’s a
completely different perspective,” he says. Parker hopes that his back-
ground with a nuclear bomber unit is contributing to others’ research
as well.
At the Center, Parker is writing a research paper focusing on the
strategy involved with deterrence and whether or not all components
of the nuclear triad (strategic bombers, intercontinental ballistic mis-
siles, and submarine-launched ballistic missiles) are essential to nuclear
weapon systems. While much of the focus on disarmament is centered
on numbers, Parker believes more of the focus should be on the qual-
ities of weaponry. “I recognize that numbers are important, but to me
what is more important, especially as we contemplate future reductions,
are the characteristics and attributes of the weapon systems.”
Parker’s research has led him to the conclusion that policymakers
should consider more than fiscal factors. “I don’t want to see fiscal
concerns preclude strategic thought on the matter. I don’t want to see
[those concerns] overcome the generation of ideas.”
“Costs,” he says, “come in many forms.”
For more on Brandon Parker, see belfercenter.org/Parker
For Cristine Russell, a senior fellow in the Environment and Natural
Resources Program (ENRP), life is turning full circle.
She started her career writing about science, environment, and
health issues. Now she’s on the academic side analyzing the work of
her peers. She’s a female journalist, who now hosts discussions on the
influence of women in science media.
She was once a biology student at Mills College, but now stands
at the front of the classroom at Harvard Kennedy School, lecturing
on public policy controversies in climate, energy, and the media—the
focus of her Belfer Center work. At a time when climate change denial-
ism is as pervasive as the common cold, she says accurate information
and education are more important than ever.
“The Internet explosion made it possible for everybody to be a com-
municator,” Russell says. “These ideas, even if they’re false, can be
spread virally in a way that was not possible in the past.”
Russell is working to beat back against this misinformation—
whether by hosting guest lecturers in class, organizing panel discussions,
or writing informative pieces in the Columbia Journalism Review.
“These are topics I felt I needed to go back to,” Russell says. “Many
of the old problems are back, only exacerbated by the online world.”
Women, for example, are still underrepresented at the top of their
professions. Russell is co-organizing an April 2 panel at HKS on
“Sexism, Science, and Science Writing: Promoting Women Leaders in
the Lab and the Newsroom,” and a June international panel in Korea.
“We need to keep having these conversations,” Russell says. “That
way we will see change.”
Russell says the technology revolution has influenced her career in
many ways. “I’ve gone from typewriter to Twitter,” she laughs.
In 2006, after a career in freelance writing and reporting at The
Washington Post and The Washington Star, she did a semester-long
fellowship with the Kennedy School’s Shorenstein Center on Media,
Politics and Public Policy. But Russell extended her stay at the School
as a Belfer Center/ENRP senior fellow.
“It’s a wonderful mix of academics and practitioners who are all
interested in the real world,” she says. “I love it here.”
For more on Cristine Russell, see belfercenter.org/Russell
Follow her on Twitter: @russellcris
Brandon Parker
From Bombers to Nonproliferation:
Researching Nuclear Numbers and Needs
Cristine Russell
From Typewriter to Twitter: Connecting
the Climate, Energy, and Media Dots
Nuclear Ops: Lieutenant Colonel Brandon Parker discusses “U.S. Air Force
Nuclear Operations: A Period of Change” at an International Security Program
seminar.
Meeting Challenges: Cristine Russell comments during “Inventing the Future to
AddressSocietalChallenges,”asymposiumtohonorSTPP’sVenkyNarayanamurti.
by Isabella Gordillo by JacquelineTempera
13. Executive Council to discuss extensive performance management
systems for federal and local government services.
“Programs like these offer students an opportunity to learn first-
hand realities on the ground in the Middle East,” said Hilary Rantisi,
director of the Middle East Initiative. “We have seen that such expe-
riences are often transformative for students, and we plan to continue
to offer them annually, in addition to our ongoing support of student
travel to the region for research and internships.”
13
FUTURE LEADERS
More than 40 Harvard students traveled to the Middle East over
the winter break to assess—firsthand—the rehabilitation needs
of Syrian refugees in Jordan and alternative energy and environmental
challenges and opportunities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The
Belfer Center’s Middle East Initiative supported the field visits.
Fifteen students from Harvard Kennedy School (HKS), Harvard
School of Public Health (HSPH), and Harvard’s Center for Middle
Eastern Studies were in Jordan for a three-week experiential learning
course led by HSPH/HKS Professor Claude Bruderlein with assis-
tance from Belfer Center fellow Nawaf Obaid. The students examined
strategic approaches for navigating long-term challenges and dilemmas
of some of the most complex political and humanitarian issues. A doc-
umentary about the course will be released this spring.
“The course not only taught us about the Syrian refugee crisis, but
also equipped us with frameworks for thinking critically about broader
intractable problems,” said HKS student Sofia Quesada.
In the UAE, 27 students from 17 countries participated in a field
visit to take a firsthand look at issues of energy and the environment
as part of the Emirates Leadership Initiative at HKS. Highlights of
the visit, co-organized by the Center for Public Leadership, included
attending the opening ceremonies of the World Future Energy Summit,
meeting with the UAE minister of the environment and secretary-
general of the Abu Dhabi Environment Agency, touring Masdar City,
a planned city that relies on solar energy and renewable energy sources,
and meeting with officials in the prime minister’s office and Dubai
Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) doctoral
student Daniel Velez Lopez is research-
ing air pollution in Mexico and whether the
country is willing to pay the costs to reduce
it. HKS student Jennifer Kao is interview-
ing academics, investors, and government
officials working to generate and commer-
cialize clean energy innovations in the United
Kingdom.
With support from the Belfer Center’s
Vicki Norberg-Bohm Fellowship, Kao and
Lopez are the most recent of 22 HKS doc-
toral students selected for the fellowship since
2006. The annual $7,000 awards allow stu-
dents to investigate a wide range of research
on energy and environmental issues before
deciding on a dissertation topic. Recipients
in past years have used the funds for field-
work, internships, and other efforts to explore
projects ranging from the testing of soil to
promote energy efficient use of fertilizers to
technology adoption in the midst of a civil
conflict.The fellowship is a tribute to the late
Students See Middle East Challenges Firsthand
Norberg-Bohm Fellowship Supports Research Curiosity
Desert Drive: Students from the winter field study course take a break from
meetings, panel discussions, and other field experiences for an excursion to the
ancient city of Petra and Wadi Rum desert in Jordan.
Vicki Norberg-Bohm, inaugural director
of the Belfer Center’s Energy Technology
Innovation Policy group (ETIP), whose work
focused on understanding the process of tech-
nological change and the role of public policy
for stimulating innovation. The Center’s Sci-
ence, Technology, and Public Policy Program
and Environment and Natural Resources Pro-
gram co-sponsor the fellowship program.
“The Norberg-Bohm family’s support of
the fellowship has provided a legacy of fos-
tering innovation for sustainable development
and careers for young scholars,” said Prof.
William Clark, ENRP faculty chair.
Alicia Harley, a 2011 fellowship recipient
who is now a Gior-
gio Ruffolo Doctoral
Research Fellow in
the Sustainability Sci-
ence Program at HKS,
said, “Having a Nor-
berg-Bohm fellowship
gave me the flexibil-
ity I needed to pursue
research ideas on my
own before I was able
to articulate those
ideas into coherent
research proposals.”
Exploring the state
of Bihar in India, she
said, “helped me hone my research interests
around innovation and inequality.”
Gabe Chan, 2010 fellowship recipi-
ent and current ETIP research fellow at the
Belfer Center, said, “The biggest impact of
the fellowship was the opportunity…to meet
researchers working at some of the most
interesting public, private, and non-profit insti-
tutions around the country and directly ask
what the important and unanswered research
questions were in my general research area.
The Norberg-Bohm fellowship was the turn-
ing point for my dissertation research.”
For more on the fellowship & recipients,
see belfercenter.org/Norberg-Bohm
“The Norberg-Bohm
fellowship was
the turning point for my
dissertation research.”
–Gabe Chan
Innovation in India: Alicia Harley with women and children in India’s state of Bihar
where she researched extreme poverty and inequality in the agriculture sector.
ALICIAHARLEYLOÏCBRUDERLEIN
14. For more than a century, the United States
has been the world’s most powerful state.
Now some analysts predict that China will
soon take its place. Does this mean that we are
living in a post-American world? Will China’s
rapid rise spark a new Cold War between the
two titans?
In this compelling book, world-renowned
foreign policy analyst Joseph Nye explains
why the American century is far from over
and what the United States must do to retain
its lead in an era of increasingly diffuse power
politics. America’s superpower status may
well be tempered by its own domestic prob-
lems and China’s economic boom, he argues,
but its military, economic, and soft power
capabilities will continue to outstrip those of
its closest rivals for decades to come.
“With his usual clarity and insight, Joe
Nye gives us a fascinating analysis of the
complexities of power, exploring hard and
soft power, state and non-state actors, and
how to retain leadership once domination is
over.”
—Mario Monti,
former Prime Minister, Italy
“The future of American power is the
great question of our century. No one is
better equipped than Joe Nye to answer it.”
—Lt. Gen. Brent Scowcroft
Pitting fascists and communists in a
showdown for supremacy, the Spanish Civil
War has long been seen as a grim dress
rehearsal for World War II. Francisco Fran-
co’s Nationalists prevailed with German and
Italian military assistance—a clear instance,
it seemed, of like-minded regimes joining
forces in the fight against global Bolshevism.
In Hitler’s Shadow Empire, Pierpaolo Barbieri
revises this standard account ofAxis interven-
tion in the Spanish Civil War, arguing that
economic ambitions—not ideology—drove
Hitler’s Iberian intervention. The Nazis hoped
to establish an economic empire in Europe,
and in Spain they tested the tactics intended
for future subject territories.
Hitler’s Shadow Empire illuminates a
fratricidal tragedy that still reverberates
in Spanish life as well as the world war it
heralded.
“A fascinating, beautifully written account
of a plan for the German economic domina-
tion of Europe that was pushed in the 1930s
by the Nazis but above all by non-Nazi and
more traditionally oriented German economic
bureaucrats. Barbieri makes us think again
about the relationship between economics
and racial policies in the making of Nazi
aggression.”
—Harold James, author of
Making the European Monetary Union
The Crisis with
Russia is a collection
of papers commis-
sioned for the 2014
Aspen Strategy Group
Summer Workshop.
On the occasion of
the 30th year anni-
versary of the Aspen
Strategy Group
(founded in 1984), the
Summer Workshop
in Aspen, Colorado, convened a nonparti-
san group of preeminent U.S.-Russia policy
experts, academics, journalists, and business
leaders. The Group’s policy discussions were
guided by the papers found in this volume,
whose scope ranges from exploring the his-
tory of the U.S.-Russia relationship, current
developments in the Sino-Russian relation-
ship, the NATO and European responses to
Russian aggression in Eastern Europe, energy
considerations, areas of potential U.S.-Russia
cooperation, and finally, the broader question
of U.S. national security and interests in the
European region.
Is the American Century Over?
By Joseph S. Nye,
Harvard University Distinguished
Service Professor
Polity Press (January 2015)
Hitler’s Shadow Empire: Nazi
Economics and the Spanish Civil War
By Pierpaolo Barbieri,
Former ErnestMayFellow in Historyand Policy
Harvard University Press
(Forthcoming, April 2015)
The Crisis with Russia
Edited by R. Nicholas Burns,
Professor of the Practice of Diplomacy and
International Politics, HKS; Jonathan Price
Aspen Strategy Group Policy Book
Aspen Institute (November 2014)
14
Compiled by Susan Lynch, ISP/STPP
“...a fascinating
analysis of the
complexities of
power.”
“…makes us
think again about
the relationship
between
economics and
racial policies
in the making of
Nazi aggression.”
HOT OFF THE PRESSES
For more on Belfer Center books and other publications, see
belfercenter.org/books
Robert L. Brown
details the IAEA’s
role in facilitat-
ing both control of
nuclear weapons and
the safe exploitation
of nuclear power. The
agency’s success in
gaining and holding
authority rests in part
on its ability to apply
politically neutral expertise that produces
beneficial policy outcomes.
Nuclear Authority: The IAEA and
the Absolute Weapon
By Robert L. Brown,
Former Stanton Nuclear Security Junior
Faculty Fellow
Georgetown University Press (March 2015)
15. Vol. 39 No. 3
Winter 2014-15
International Security is America’s leading journal of security affairs. It provides sophisticated analyses
of contemporary security issues and discusses their conceptual and historical foundations. The journal is
edited at Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Center and published quarterly by the MIT Press. Questions
may be directed to IS@Harvard.edu.
15
Compiled by International Security staff
Jieun Baek
Belfer Center Fellow
Baek is the producer of Divided Families, a
new film that focuses on families split between
North and South Korea and the impact of that
division. The film is available online at
youtube.com/DividedFamiliesFilm
Rasmus Bertelson
Former STPP, Dubai Initiative Research Fellow
Bertelson is the inaugural Barents Chair in
Politics at the University of Tromsø-The Arctic
University of Norway. He researches how the
Arctic fits into global environmental and politi-
cal-economic processes.
Paula Dobriansky
Future of Diplomacy Project Senior Fellow
Dobriansky (left),former special envoy to
Northern Ireland, received the Flax Trust Award
in recognition of contributions to the historic
devolution of power in N. Ireland and work on
the promotion of peace and reconciliation.
John P. Holdren
Science Advisor to President Obama,
Former Belfer Center STPP Director
Holdren invited the public to use
social media to ask him anything
about climate change and the
science behind it, using the hashtag
#AskDrH. He explained the science
behind how our planet is changing.
Rachel Bronson
Former International Security Research Fellow
Bronson was named executive director and
publisher of The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists.
She will be responsible for Bulletin events,
publishing, and communications, including
announcements about the Doomsday Clock.
Calestous Juma
Director, Science, Technology, and
Globalization Project
Juma was named one of the most
influential Africans of 2014 by the
New African magazine. The magazine
honors African heroes, innovators,
and visionaries whose actions have
helped push Africa forward.
Joseph S. Nye
Harvard University Distinguished
Service Professor, Belfer Board Member
Nye was honored by Emperor Akihito
of Japan with the Order of the Rising
Sun, Gold and Silver Star in recog-
nition of his “contribution to the…
mutual understanding between Japan
and the United States.”
Follow us on Twitter
@Journal_IS
NEWSMAKERS
Pakistan’s Battlefield Nuclear Policy:
A Risky Solution to an Exaggerated Threat
Jaganath Sankaran
Pakistan has developed tactical nuclear weapons to deter India from
executing its Cold Start war doctrine. India, however, has disavowed that
doctrine. Further, the use of such weapons against Indian troops inside
Pakistan would kill and injure large numbers of Pakistani civilians, while
risking massive nuclear retaliation by India. Pakistan should reconsider the
role of tactical nuclear weapons in its military strategy.
The Inscrutable Intentions of Great Powers
Sebastian Rosato
Many scholars argue that great powers can reach confident conclusions
about each other’s intentions, but these claims are unpersuasive. Neither
the domestic characteristics nor behavior of states offers a reliable basis on
which to evaluate intentions. These limitations support the theoretical claims
of structural realism: competition, not cooperation, will remain the norm.
Is There an Oil Weapon? Security Implications of Changes in the
Structure of the International Oil Market
Llewelyn Hughes & Austin Long
States have long worried that their dependence on oil gives producers a
means of coercion. The oil market, however, is far larger and more integrated
than it used to be. The potential for coercion differs across a series of distinct
market segments. In this varied market, the United States remains the
dominant force.
The Security Bazaar: Business Interests and
Islamist Power in Civil War Somalia
Aisha Ahmad
The support of the local business community helped to make Islamists a
powerful force in the Somali civil war. The Islamists gained business support
not because of shared religious affiliation, but because they ran a more stable
and less costly protection racket than did other belligerents.
The Impact of China on Cybersecurity:
Fiction and Friction
Jon R. Lindsay
The Chinese cyber threat to the United
States has been exaggerated. China’s cyber
capabilities are outmatched by those of the
West, and Beijing reaps too many benefits
from the Internet’s liberal norms to attempt
to seriously undermine them.
“For every type of
purported Chinese
cyber threat, there are
also serious Chinese
vulnerabilities and
Western strengths that
reinforce the political
status quo.”
16. We are sad to report the passing of our colleague
and former fellow William (Bill) Martel, who
was associate professor of international security
studies at Tufts University’s Fletcher School. Bill
Martel was a research fellow with the Center’s
International Security Program from 1991–93. His
work in the public policy arena included serving
as a senior foreign policy advisor to governor Mitt Romney during
the 2012 presidential campaign, as an advisor to the National Security
Council, and as a member of the Defense Department’s Threat Reduc-
tion Advisory Committee. He was also founder and director of the U.S.
Air Force Center for Strategy and Technology.
The Robert and Renée Belfer Center for Science
and International Affairs
Graham Allison, Director
79 John F. Kennedy Street
Cambridge, MA 02138
Tel: 617-495-1400 • Fax: 617-495-8963
www.belfercenter.org
Belfer Center Newsletter, Spring 2015
Editor: Sharon Wilke, Assoc. Director, Communications
sharon_wilke@hks.harvard.edu
Designer: Andrew Facini, Communications Assistant
andrew_facini@hks.harvard.edu
Photographer: Bennett Craig, Multimedia Producer
bennett_craig@hks.harvard.edu
Josh Burek, Director, Communications
josh_burek@hks.harvard.edu
Arielle Dworkin, Digital Communications Manager
arielle_dworkin@hks.harvard.edu
The Communications Office was assisted in production of this
newsletter by Monica Achen, Nancy Dickson, Isabella Gordillo,
Krysten Hartman, Susan Lynch, Payam Mohseni, Cristine Rus-
sell, Kevin Ryan, Amanda Sardonis, and Jacqueline Tempera.
All photos courtesy of Belfer Center unless otherwise noted.
The Belfer Center has a dual mission: (1) to provide leadership in advancing policy-
relevant knowledge about the most important challenges of international security and
other critical issues where science, technology, environmental policy, and international
affairs intersect, and (2) to prepare future generations of leaders for these arenas.
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FLETCHERSCHOOL
Printed on 100% recycled paper
The Future of Diplomacy Project welcomes several visiting dignitar-
ies who join the diplomacy team this semester as 2015 Fisher Family
Fellows. They include former NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh
Rasmussen, former Indian National Security Advisor Shivshankar
Menon, former EU Trade Commissioner Karel de Gucht, and former
Brazilian Minister of Defense Celso Amorim.
Dignitaries Enrich Harvard as Future
of Diplomacy Fisher Family Fellows
In Memoriam: William (Bill) Martel
STRATCOM Award for Rupal Mehta
Diplomatic Dialogue: Indian Minister of Environment, Forests and Climate
Change Prakash Javadekar (second from left) with Tarun Das (left), founding
trustee of the Ananta Aspen Centre, and the Belfer Center’s Joseph S. Nye and
Nicholas Burns (right) during the Aspen Strategy Group’s U.S.-India Strategic
Dialogue in New Delhi in January.Rupal Mehta, Stanton Nuclear Security Postdoctoral Fellow with the
International Security Program and Project on Managing the Atom, has
been awarded a $75,000 research grant from the United States Strategic
Command to conduct research on nuclear deterrence. Her research at
the Belfer Center examines how U.S. agreements to provide protection
to allied states in the event of war may present an undue burden or risk.
Super Fans: Meghan O’Sullivan (right), professor of practice at the Belfer
Center, joins Secretary of State John Kerry (left) and Secretary of Energy Ernest
Moniz to cheer on the Patriots at the 2015 AFC Championship game.