This document discusses asymmetrical conflict and terrorism, specifically focusing on al Qaeda's use of suicide terrorism. It provides details on how al Qaeda utilized suicide bombers to conduct devastating attacks against a militarily superior enemy. Suicide tactics gave al Qaeda many advantages as the attacks were lethal, more likely to succeed, and relatively inexpensive to carry out. The document also examines how terrorism relies on surprise and shock to amplify its effects and demoralize populations. It notes that the US remains ill-prepared to counter new terrorist techniques due to a focus on replicating past events rather than anticipating innovation from groups like al Qaeda.
RMC Intelligence and Analysis Division Open Source Update - January 2019ChadCogan
In this edition of RMC's Intelligence and Analysis Division Open Source Update, a ‘resurgent’ al Qaeda is looking to target aviation in Europe, while conversely, recent arrests highlight the ongoing threat posed by domestic terrorists in the Homeland. Separately, the U.K. experienced another temporary airport shutdown after a non-attributable UAS sighting in the vicinity of the airport.
presentation report on WAR AND TERRORISM. and yes for better viewing experience, please download the file so that you can get all the info because the slides are animated.
Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 debate has circulated around the nature and success of counterterrorism policies. Considering after thirteen years, the world has not faced a major attack on the same scale as those witnessed in 2001; counterterrorism policies by some have been argued to be a phenomenal success. This article will focus on counterterrorism policies by the United States, positing the argument that the success of these policies cannot be determined by the mere lack of terrorist attacks, but by the effects of these policies
The US Hegemonic Constraints and Global War on Terrorism: An Aftermath of Sep...paperpublications3
Abstract: The horror and measure of the synchronised suicide attacks on the United States homeland of 9/11 eclipsed anything ever experienced in terrorism. The operation was carried out with ambitious scope and dimensions; impressive coordination and determination of the 19 aircraft hijackers that killed themselves, the aircrews, the passengers on board, and the entire 3,000 persons at the World Trade Center and Pentagon. The episode was due to the America’s commanding position and its orchestrated unilateral and predominant control on the economic, political, monetary, technology and cultural levels. The paper therefore examines the 9/11 attacks by the on al-Qaeda US and the world view on the episode. The paper concluded that, US as a liberal democratic state, has not lived up to the expectations of maintaining international norms. Its unilateral use of force throws up the US into critical examination as a leading apostle of democratic principles in the international systems. Its committed and self-professed war against global terrorism needs to be embraced and recognized by others, as legitimate.
Terrorism has become a global phenomenon with a 61% increase in the number of people killed in terrorist attacks over the last year. The 2014 Global Terrorism Index provides a fact-based understanding of terrorism and its impact.
There is an urgent need for world community to fight terrorism together. There can not be good terrorist and bad terrorist A terrorist is a terrorist
The Bush era has seen remarkable change in the US foreign policy. After 9/ 11 attacks, President Bush (the son) initiated the Bush Doctrine and started his war on terror which had such implications as the invasion of Afghanistan in 2011, and the invasion of Iraq in 2003.
In its broadest sense, terrorism is any act designed to cause terror In a narrower sense, terrorism can be understood to feature a political objective. The word terrorism is politically loaded and emotionally charged.
RMC Intelligence and Analysis Division Open Source Update - January 2019ChadCogan
In this edition of RMC's Intelligence and Analysis Division Open Source Update, a ‘resurgent’ al Qaeda is looking to target aviation in Europe, while conversely, recent arrests highlight the ongoing threat posed by domestic terrorists in the Homeland. Separately, the U.K. experienced another temporary airport shutdown after a non-attributable UAS sighting in the vicinity of the airport.
presentation report on WAR AND TERRORISM. and yes for better viewing experience, please download the file so that you can get all the info because the slides are animated.
Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 debate has circulated around the nature and success of counterterrorism policies. Considering after thirteen years, the world has not faced a major attack on the same scale as those witnessed in 2001; counterterrorism policies by some have been argued to be a phenomenal success. This article will focus on counterterrorism policies by the United States, positing the argument that the success of these policies cannot be determined by the mere lack of terrorist attacks, but by the effects of these policies
The US Hegemonic Constraints and Global War on Terrorism: An Aftermath of Sep...paperpublications3
Abstract: The horror and measure of the synchronised suicide attacks on the United States homeland of 9/11 eclipsed anything ever experienced in terrorism. The operation was carried out with ambitious scope and dimensions; impressive coordination and determination of the 19 aircraft hijackers that killed themselves, the aircrews, the passengers on board, and the entire 3,000 persons at the World Trade Center and Pentagon. The episode was due to the America’s commanding position and its orchestrated unilateral and predominant control on the economic, political, monetary, technology and cultural levels. The paper therefore examines the 9/11 attacks by the on al-Qaeda US and the world view on the episode. The paper concluded that, US as a liberal democratic state, has not lived up to the expectations of maintaining international norms. Its unilateral use of force throws up the US into critical examination as a leading apostle of democratic principles in the international systems. Its committed and self-professed war against global terrorism needs to be embraced and recognized by others, as legitimate.
Terrorism has become a global phenomenon with a 61% increase in the number of people killed in terrorist attacks over the last year. The 2014 Global Terrorism Index provides a fact-based understanding of terrorism and its impact.
There is an urgent need for world community to fight terrorism together. There can not be good terrorist and bad terrorist A terrorist is a terrorist
The Bush era has seen remarkable change in the US foreign policy. After 9/ 11 attacks, President Bush (the son) initiated the Bush Doctrine and started his war on terror which had such implications as the invasion of Afghanistan in 2011, and the invasion of Iraq in 2003.
In its broadest sense, terrorism is any act designed to cause terror In a narrower sense, terrorism can be understood to feature a political objective. The word terrorism is politically loaded and emotionally charged.
Chapter 5 Global TerrorismNONSTATE ADVERSARIES, FUNDAMENTALIST.docxbissacr
Chapter 5 Global Terrorism
NONSTATE ADVERSARIES, FUNDAMENTALIST RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM, AND WEAPONS ARE THREE FORCES OF GLOBAL TERRORISM, ALL REPRESENTED BY TALIBAN FIGHTERS IN AFGHANISTAN.
Learning Objectives
1. 5.1Recognize that terrorism is a contentious issue that becomes hopelessly muddled by political and military considerations
2. 5.2Review the factors that are conducive to terrorism
3. 5.3Identify the goals, strategies, and weapons of terrorism
4. 5.4Identify the sources of funds that are used for financing terrorism
5. 5.5Review how terrorism adversely affects individuals, nations, and other groups
6. 5.6Summarize five kinds of terrorism
7. 5.7Examine the different ways of combating terrorism
8. 5.8Analyze the fundamental question about the balance between fighting terrorism and protecting democracy within the United States
The Boston Marathon bombing in April 2013 and the grisly murder of an off-duty British soldier in public in London in May 2013 that was filmed on mobile phones as the terrorist waited for police demonstrate a further shift away from centralized terrorist organizations to lone wolf terrorism. This kind of terrorism is conducted by self-motivated independent individuals. The attacks in Boston and London show how difficult it is to prevent lone wolf terrorism.
Successful U.S. counterterrorism measures against al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and in Pakistan, combined with failed democratic transitions in the Middle East and North Africa, have contributed to the shift of global terrorism to Africa. Domestic terrorist groups such as Boko Haram, which means “Western education is sacrilege,” in northern Nigeria, collaborate with al-Qaeda. The Syrian civil war, chaos in Iraq following the U.S. withdrawal, and the disintegration of law and order in Libya have strengthened terrorism, most notably the group called the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which claimed credit for the November 13, 2015 terrorist massacre in Paris.
The growing use of armed drones for targeted killings of suspected terrorists in Yemen, Pakistan, Somalia, Niger, and elsewhere raises many controversial issues. Drones are effective weapons against terrorists. Even though they kill fewer civilians than alternative methods, the loss of innocent civilian lives undermines their use.
Edward Snowden’s leaking of documents showing extensive spying on Americans as well as people and governments around the world by the National Security Agency (NSA) as part of America’s counterterrorism strategy raised global concerns about the basic right to privacy. It also has far-reaching consequences for U.S. security and foreign policy.
Osama bin Laden, widely viewed as the embodiment of global terrorism, was killed by U.S. Special Forces on May 1, 2011, in Pakistan. Despite this significant development, the war on terrorism continues. Think about how the escalation of global terrorism affects our daily lives. This global problem is now virtually inseparable from pe.
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Similar to Ppt 12 effectiveness of asymmetrical conflict al qaeda (7)
Ppt 12 effectiveness of asymmetrical conflict al qaeda
1.
2. Crisis diplomacy
International cooperation
Asymmetrical conflict
Utility of violence
3. Negotiations between actors in the global
political arena in response to a crises, most
commonly concerning conflicts and natural
disasters, but also economic and health
crises.
4. When global actors work together to achieve
common goals. e.g. the EU, ECB and IMF
lending funds to Greece in 2010 and 2012 to
prevent it defaulting on its loans and
triggering a financial crisis.
5. Violence used as a means of achieving one’s
political objectives, commonly witness in
global politics through inter state war.
Traditionally perceived as an instrument of
state power, violence and threatened acts of
violence are increasingly used by terrorists
groups as a means of achieving their
objectives.
6. Most commonly used in regards to
development policies, sustainability seeks to
organise states and their economies so that
currents needs are meet while not
jeopardising meeting the needs of future
generations.
7. The causes
Responses and proposed solutions by key
global actors
Challenges to effective solutions
Effectiveness of asymmetrical conflict in
achieving a group’s objectives
8. Asymmetrical warfare is a violent struggle in
which the two belligerents are mismatched in
terms of their military capabilities e.g. the
Taliban and the USA.
In asymmetrical conflict the weaker power
serves to exploit the weaknesses of the
stronger power – often its civilians.
9. Weak forces utilize surprise, technology,
innovative tactics, or what some might
consider violations of military etiquette to
challenge the strong (usually by targeting
civilian populations).
Terrorism is a global crises – turn of the 20th
century there were 8 deaths of military
personal for every civilian death. Now that
figure has been reversed.
10. The war on terror has cost the United States
some $1 trillion and al-Qeada remains a
global threat.
11. A critical component to the execution of the
attacks on September 11 (and other Al Qaeda
bombings) was the ability of Al Qaeda to find
individuals willing to die for their cause.
Bin Laden very clearly understood the military
disadvantage of al Qaeda and his followers;
for that reason, he turned to a very common
tactic in terrorist ventures: suicide bombing.
12. The 9/11 attacks cost al Qaeda between
$400,000 and $500,000, “while America lost
– according to the lowest estimate – more
than $500 billion” ( a return rate of 400,000 to
1.)
13. In fact, there are various reasons why suicide
missions are an appealing form of attack:
Terrorists have become increasingly attracted to
suicide attacks because of their unique tactical
advantages compared to those of more
conventional terrorist operations. Suicide tactics
are devastatingly effective, lethally efficient, have a
greater likelihood of success, and are relatively
inexpensive and generally easier to execute than
other attack modes. The terrorist decision to
employ this tactic…is an entirely rational and
calculated choice, consciously embraced as a
deliberate instrument of warfare (Hoffman, 132).
14. For al Qaeda, suicide terrorism became a tactic
that allowed them to successfully create
devastation against an enemy with far superior
weaponry, military organization, and resources.
By including western civilians in their victims, al
Qaeda’s strategies also attacked the psychology of
the western people. This unconventional version of
warfare and unfamiliar ideal of suicide posed a
direct threat to the everyday person, generating
thoughts and feelings of fear and vulnerability
among the democratic populations.
15. The availability of suicide agents have
expanded the strategies available to al Qaeda
in terms of the types of attacks they can
conduct as well as the targets they can hit.
Although they are crucial to the cause, the
suicide bombers do not need to be well
trained to carry out their missions, and the
fact that “suicide bombers don’t need to be
sophisticated is precisely what makes them so
dangerous”
16. Qaeda’s suicide bombers allow them to use
“aircraft as human missiles (as in the 9/11 attacks)
or boats as human torpedoes (as in the 2000
attack on the USS Cole), and other bombs
or using pedestrians, connected to a manual or
remote control).
These capabilities allow al Qaeda to select their
targets on a symbolic basis; as there is no need
for an escape plan, they simply need to
determine a means of successfully reaching a
target in order to succeed in their attacks.
17. Terrorism combines surprise and shock to
amplify effect and demoralize the broader
public. It is asymmetric as it it "attacks
vulnerabilities not appreciated by the target.”
The U.S. government remains ill-prepared to
counter such surprise. Most U.S. strategic
planning with regard to terrorism focuses on
replication of past activities.
18. This means when Al
Qaeda develops a new
technique, target or
weapon – as in the new
bombs which can pass
through air security
detectors designed to
pick up metal, Al
Qaeda has a significant
advantage.
19. While a few exercises
had considered the
possibility of hijacked
aircraft used as
weapons, these were
exceptions.
Indeed, the US
Defense Department
cancelled one drill
simulating a hijacked
plane crash into the
Pentagon because
the scenario seemed
too far-fetched.
20. The United States, despite increased security,
remains vulnerable.
In Russia, we have seen terrorist attacks at
apartment buildings, schools, hospitals,
subways, passenger trains, busy streets,
shopping malls, a rock concert, a theater. In
Israel, terrorists have carried out suicide
bombings on buses, at restaurants, shopping
malls, and hotels; in Madrid, on commuter
trains. The reality is that these are vulnerable
targets in the United States as well.