The document provides information about various sports including volleyball, basketball, sepak takraw, badminton, ultimate frisbee, archery, and swimming. It discusses the origins and basic rules of each sport. For example, it states that volleyball was invented in 1895 in Massachusetts and became an Olympic sport in 1964, and that the objective of basketball is to shoot the ball through a hoop while following rules around traveling and double dribbling.

1. SPORTS
The word “Sport” comes from the old French desport meaning
“leisure”. With the oldest definition in English from around 1300
being “anything humans find amusing or entertaining. Sport (
British English) or sports ( American English) includes all form of
competitive physical activity or games which through casual or
organized participation, aim to use, maintain or improve
physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to
participants and in some cases entertainment for spectators.

2. THESE ARE EXAMPLES OF SPORTS WE USUALLY
HAVE HERE IN OUR COUNTRY:
VOLLEYBALL BASKETBALL

3. ARCHERY
BADMINTON
SWIMMING

4. Is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated
by a net. Each teams tries to score points by grounding a ball on
the other team’s court under organized rules. It has been a part
official program of the Summer Olympic Games since 1964. On
February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachussets (United States)
William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education director created a
new game called MINTONETTE as a pastime to be played
indoors and by any number of players. The game took some
characteristics from tennis and handball. The first official ball used
in volleyball is disputed, some sources says that Spalding created
the first official ball in1896. The first country outside the United
States to adopt volleyball was Canada 1900. An International
federation, the Federation Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) was
founded in 1947, and the first world championships were held in
1949 for men and for women 1952.The complete rules are
extensive, but simply.

5. In volleyball there are six
competitive basic skills that a
player should master: serve,
pass, set, attack, block and dig.
Each of these skills comprises a
number of specific techniques
that have been introduced over
the years and are now
considered standard practice in
high level volleyball.

6. A few of the most common faults in the game includes:
• Causing the ball to touch the ground or floor outside the
opponents’ court or without first over the net;
• Catching and throwing the ball;
• Double hit: two consecutive contacts with the ball made by the
same player;
• Four consecutive contacts with the ball made by same team;
• Net foul: touching the net during the play;
• Foot fault: the foot crosses over the boundary line when serving.
• Not serving the ball in the correct order

7. Is a limited contact sport on a rectangular court. While most
often played as a team sport with five players on each side,
three-on-three, two-on-two and one-on-one competitions
are also common. The objectives is to shoot the ball through
a hoop 18 inches (46 inches) in diameter and 10 feet (3.048
m) high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the
court. The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith,
who would be the first basketball coach of the Kansas
Jayhawks, one of the most successful programs in the game’s
history. In early December 1891, Canadian Dr. James Naismith,
a physical education professor and instructor at the
International Young Men’s Christian Association Training
School (YMCA). Basketball was originally played with soccer
ball. These round balls from “association football”. The first
balls made specifically for basketball were brown, and it was
only late in the 1950’s that Tony Hinkle, searching for a ball
that would be more visible.

8. The game has many individual
techniques for displaying skill –
ball-handling, shooting, passing,
dribbling, dunking, shot-
blocking, pivot and rebounding.

9. Basketball Violations
Walking/ Travelling. Taking more than a step and a half without dribbling the ball
is travelling. Moving your pivot foot once you’ve stopped dribbling is traveling.
Carrying/Palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the
side of or, sometimes, even under the ball.
Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or
or picking up the dribble and the dribbling again.
Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the
ball at the same time.
Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court
line, they cannot go back across the line during possession.
Time restrictions. A player passing the ball inbounds has five seconds to pass the
ball. If he does not, then the ball is awarded to the other team.

10. In Sepak takraw they use “calameae ball” or “rattan ball” or kick ball is a sport
native to Southeast Asia. Sepak Takraw differs from the similar sport of Footvolley
in its use of rattan ball and allowing player to use their feet, knee, chest, and head
to touch the ball. It is a popular sport in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. In
Malaysia, the game is called sepak raga or takraw. In Laos it is kataw (Lao “twine”
and “kick”. In Thailand, it is called takraw. In Myanmar it is known as chin lone and
is considered more of an art as there is often no opposing team, and is the point
is to keep the ball aloft gracefully and interestingly. In the Philippines, besides
“takraw” it is also known as sipa, meaning “kick”.
“Sepak” is the Malay word for kick and “takraw” is the Thai word for woven ball;
therefor sepak takraw quite literally means to kick ball. The choosing of this name
for the sport was essentiallya compromise between Malaysia and Thailand, the
two powerhouse countries of the sport. This games was first played in the 15th
century in Malacca Sultanate.

11. Sepak Takraw have 4 basic moves:
The Serve
The Block
The Spike
Roll Spike
Here are some common faults:
- The Regu hitting the ball more then three times in succession.
- The ball hitting the net but not going over it.
- Whenever any part of the player’s body touches, crosses the plane of or goes under the net.
- The Tekong jumps off the ground to execute the service.
- The serve touches another player from the serving team before crossing over the opponent’s
court.
- The serve touches another player from the serving team before crossing over the opponent’s
court.
- When a player uses his hands, or any other part of his arms to facilitate the execution of a
kick even if the hand or arm does not directly touch the ball.

12. Different Kinds of
Kick:
• Inside kick
• Outside Kick
• Knee/Thigh Kick
• Header
• Horse Kick Serve
• Toe Kick

13. Is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it may be
played with larger teams the most common forms of the game are “singles”(with one player
per side) and “doubles” (with two players per side). Badminton is often played as a casual
outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach. The game developed in British India from the earlier
game of Battledore and Shuttlecock. Since 1992 badminton, has been a Summer Olympic
Sport with five events: men’s singles, women’s singles, men’s doubles, women’s doubles, and
mixed doubles. At high levels of the play the sport demands excellent fitness: players require
aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed, and precision. It is also a technical sport, requiring
good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet movements. The
game may have originally developed among expatriate officers in British India, where it was
very popular by the 1870.ball badminton ,a form of the game played with a wool ball instead of
a shuttlecock, was being played in Thanjavur as early as the 1850s and was at first played
interchangeably with badminton by the British, the woollen ball being preferred in windy or wet
weather.
Early on the game was also known as poona or poonah after the garrison to of Pune, where it
was particularly popular and where the first rules for the game were drawn up in 1873.By 1875,
officers returning home had started a badminton club in Folkestone.

14. Badminton have different kinds of Serving and Strokes:
• Forehand serve - Overhead Forehand Stroke
• Backhand serve - Overhead Backhand Stroke
• Smash - Underarm Forehand Stroke
- Underarm Backhand Stroke

15. Faults During the Rally
• Hitting the shuttle to the wrong place. If the shuttlecock passes
through under the net or lands outside the boundaries.
• When the shuttle touches something before reaching the floor. If the
shuttlecock touches the ceiling or outside walls.
• Double hits. If the shuttlecock was hit twice by the player or the
players partner.
• Hitting the net or invading the opponent‘s court. If the player
touches the net or its support with racket.
• Obstructions and Distractions. If the player deliberdistracts an
opponent by any action such as shouting or making gestures.

16. Is a non – contact team sport played by players with a flying disc ( frisbee). The
term frisbee, often used to generically describe all flying disc, is a registered
trademark of Wham-O toy company. Points are scored by passing the disc to
teammate in the opposing end zone. Other basic rules are that players must not
take the steps while holding the disc and interceptions, incomplete passes, and
passes out of bounds. From its beginning in the American counterculture of the
late 1960s ultimate has resisted empowering any referee with rule enforcement,
instead relying on the sportsmanship of players and invoking the spirit of the
game. Team flying disc games using pie tins and cake pan lids were part of the
Amherst College student culture before plastic disc were available. Joel silver
along with fellow students Jonny Hines, Buzz Hellring and others develop
ultimate beginning in 1968 at Columbia High School, Maplewood, New Jersey,
USA. In 1975, ultimate was introduced at the Canadian Open Frisbee
Championships in Toronto.

17. 7 WAYS TO THROW AN ULTIMATE DISC
• Basic Backhand
• Basic Forehand
• Outside – in Backhand
• Outside – in Forehand
• Inside – out Backhand
• Inside – out Forehand
• Hammer

18. Ultimate 10 simple rules
The Field. A rectangular shape with end zones at each. A regulation field is 70 yards by 40 yards,
with end zones 25 yards deep.
Initiate Play. Each point begins with both teams lining up on the front of their respective end zone
line. The defense throws pulls the disc to the offense .A regulation game has seven players per
team.
Scoring. Each time the offence completes s pass in the defenses end zone ,the offense scores a
point play is initiated after each score.
Movement of the Disc may be advanced in any direction by completing a pass to a teammate.
Player may not run with the disc. The person with the disc thrower has ten second to throw the
disc.
The defender guarding the thrower marker counts out the stall count.
Change of possession. When pass is not completed e.g out of bounds, drop, block,
interception Stalled , the defense immediately takes possession of the disc and becomes the
offense.
Substitutions. Players not in the game may replace players in the game after a score and during an
injury timeout.

19.  Non-contact. No physical contact is allowed between player. Picks and
screens are also prohibited. A foul occurs when contact is made.
 Fouls. When a player initiates contact on another player a foul occurs.
When a foul disrupts possession,
 The play resumes as if the possession was retained. If the player
committing the foul disagrees with
 The foul call, the play is redone.
 Self-officiating. Players are responsible for their own foul and line calls.
Players resolve their own disputes
 Spirit of the game. Ultimate stresses sportsmanship and fair play.
Competitive play is encouraged, but
 Never at the expense of respect between players, adherence to the
rules, and the basic joy of play.

20. Is the sport, practice or skill of using a bow to propel arrows. The word comes
from the Latin arcus. Historically, archery has been used for hunting and
combat. In modern times, it is mainly a competitive sport and recreational
activity. A person who participates in archery is typically called an archer or a
bowman, a person who is fond of or an expert at archery is sometimes called
toxophilite. The bow and arrow seems to have been invented in the later
Paleolithic or early Mesolithic period. The oldest signs of its use in Europe
come from Stellmor in the Ahrensburg Valley north of Hamburg, Germany and
dates from the late Paleolithic. The arrows were made of pine and consisted of
a mainshaft and a 15 – 20 cm long fore shaft with a flint point. The oldest bows
known so far come from the Holmegard swamp. Bows and arrows have been
present in Egyptian culture since predynastic origins in the Levant, artifacts that
could be arrow shaft straighteners are known from the Natufian Culture.

21. Here are some of the basic skills of the sport Archery:
• Stance
• Pre – draw
• Draw
• Anchor
• Arm
• Release and Follow through

22. Indoor Range Rules
1. No shooter will nock an arrow in his/her bow while behind the shooting line.
2. Anyone under the influence of alcohol or anyone who is an obvious danger
to other shooters safety will be asked to stop shooting.
3. When shooters are on the line, anyone not shooting should be at least 6
feet behind the line, and avoid making disturbance to the shooters.
4. One person at a time will pull arrows for top and bottom targets. The other
shooter will keep score. Person not pulling or scoring will stay at least 6 feet
back from the targets.
5. The maximum draw weight of the bow on all ranges shall be 80 pounds
(except crossbows)
6. NO ARROWS shorter than 26 inches this includes crossbows,
7. No non – shooters in the target area.
8. Children must have adult supervisions. No children under 12 will be allowed.
9. No alcoholic beverages on Archery Club Grounds.

23. Is an individual or team sport that involves using arms and legs to move the body
through the water. Typically , the sport takes place in pools or open water.
Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports in 1896 in Athens,
with events in butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle and individual medley. In
addition to these individual events, swimmers take part in relay. There are also rules
put I place to regulate what types of swimsuits. In 1538, Nikolaus Wynmann, a
German professor of languages wrote the first swimming book, The Swimmer or A
Dialogue on the Art of Swimming. Swimming emerged as a competitive recreational
activity in 1830s in England. In 1828, the first indoor swimming pool, St. George Baths
was open to public. By 1837, the national Swimming Society was holding regular
swimming competitions in six artificial swimming pool, built around London.
Competitive Swimming in Britain started around 1830, mostly using breaststroke. In
1908, the world swimming association, Federation Internationale de Natation (FINA)
was formed.

24. Here are some of the swimming techniques:
• Butterfly
• Freestyle
• Breaststroke
• Backstroke
• Side stroke
• Dog paddle

25. Technical Rules in Swimming
Freestyle
• Walking on the bottom
• Pulling on the lane rope
• Not touching the wall on a turn
• Not completing the distance
Backstroke
• Turning past the vertical onto the stomach and gliding or kicking into the wall on the
turn roll must be part of a continuous turning action.
• Pushing off the wall on the stomach after a turn.
• Not remaining on back while swimming.
• Turning onto stomach before the finish.
Butterfly
• Alternating movements of the arms or legs.
• Pushing the arms forward under instead of over the surface of the water.
• Using a breaststroke a style kick.
• Touching with only one hand at the turns or at the finish.

26. Breaststroke
• Using either a flutter, dolphin, or scissor kick instead of the
breaststroke kick.
• Shoulders not level
• Alternating movements of the arms.
• Head not coming out of the water for each stroke including one
pull and kick.
• Touching with one hand at the turns or