Spiral and log periodic antenna
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This document provides information for an academic year 2017-18 course on spiral antennas taught by D.Gopinath at Ramco Institute of technology. It lists the topics to be covered including single and two spiral antennas, multi spiral antennas, and spiral plate antennas. It also provides references for textbooks and publications on antennas and radio wave propagation.
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2. It explains the basic radiation mechanism of antennas which involves time-varying currents and accelerated charges producing electromagnetic waves. A current only radiates if the wire is bent, curved, or the charge is oscillating.
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Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a spread spectrum multiple access technique that allows multiple users to access the same bandwidth simultaneously. It uses pseudorandom code sequences to spread the signal over a wide bandwidth. The two main types of SSMA are Frequency Hopped Multiple Access (FHMA) and Direct Sequence Multiple Access (DSMA), with DSMA also known as CDMA. In CDMA, each user is assigned a unique code and the receiver uses correlation to separate the signals. Power control is needed to address the near-far problem where stronger signals can drown out weaker ones. Features of CDMA include soft capacity limits, resistance to multipath fading, and soft handoffs between cells without switching frequencies.
Semiconductor junction device
This document summarizes semiconductor junction devices, including intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors like N-type and P-type materials. It discusses the energy levels of these materials and how PN junctions are formed between them. It also describes how current flows through a PN junction when it is forward or reverse biased. The document lists textbooks and references for further reading on topics like semiconductor optoelectronic devices and materials.
General theory of transmission lines
Transmission lines carry various signals such as telephone, computer data, TV and telegraph. They have a characteristic impedance that is the ratio of voltage to current. If the voltage and current ratios are equal at the input and output of a transmission line, it has perfect performance. The propagation constant describes the attenuation and phase change of signals as they propagate along the transmission line. It is made up of the attenuation constant, which determines the magnitude ratio between the input and output, and the phase constant.
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The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
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The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
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Spiral and log periodic antenna
- 1. D.Gopinath AP/ECE Ramco Institute of technology Academic year (2017-18 Even)
- 2. Single and Two Spiral
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- 15. TEXT BOOK: John D Kraus,” Antennas for all Applications”, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, 2005. REFERENCES: Edward C.Jordan and Keith G.Balmain” Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems” PrenticeHall of India, 2006 R.E.Collin,”Antennas and Radiowave Propagation”, McGraw Hill 1985. Constantine.A.Balanis “Antenna Theory Analysis and Design”, Wiley Student Edition, 2006. RajeswariChatterjee, “Antenna Theory and Practice” Revised Second Edition New Age International Publishers, 2006. S. Drabowitch, “Modern Antennas” Second Edition, Springer Publications, 2007. Robert S.Elliott “Antenna Theory and Design” Wiley Student Edition, 2006. H.Sizun “Radio Wave Propagation for Telecommunication Applications”, First Indian Reprint,Springer Publications, 2007.