Spinner shark final
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The spinner shark is a species of requiem shark found in warm temperate and tropical waters. It has a slender body with a long, narrow snout and is gray above with a conspicuous white band on its sides. As an elasmobranch, its skeleton is made of cartilage. It is viviparous, bearing 3-15 pups, and hunts in schools, feeding on small pelagic fishes. It is known for its distinctive feeding technique of making vertical spins that break the water's surface. Though commonly mistaken for similar species like the blacktip shark, it can be identified by the dark tip on its anal fin. The spinner shark faces threats from fishing and is classified as vulnerable
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The Origin of Vertebrates
This document summarizes the evolution of vertebrates from their earliest ancestors to modern forms. It describes the key traits that unite each major group, from non-vertebrate chordates like tunicates and lancelets, to the earliest jawless fish like hagfish and lampreys, to jawed fish groups like sharks and bony fish. It outlines the major transitions from marine to freshwater habitats and the evolutionary innovations in skeletal and sensory systems that occurred in the main vertebrate lineages over 500 million years.
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16. Class Osteichthyes Notes
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- Anapsid skulls, found in primitive reptiles and turtles, have no temporal fenestrae.
- Euryapsid skulls, found in marine reptiles like plesiosaurs, have a single pair of fenestrae high on the skull.
- Parapsid skulls, seen in ichthyosaurs, are similar but with additional bones bordering the single fenestrae.
- Diapsid skulls, common in living reptiles and dinosaurs, contain two pairs of fenestrae on each side of the skull.
- Synapsid skulls, seen in early mammal-like reptiles
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Class Chondrichthyes includes cartilaginous fish such as sharks, rays, and skates. They have skeletons made of cartilage and possess movable jaws and teeth. Their skin is rough and sandpaper-like, made of scales with the same composition as teeth. Sharks have been largely unchanged for over 100 million years. The largest predatory fish ever was the ancient megalodon shark, which was twice the size of a great white shark.
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Two pairs of nostrils closely on each side.
Paired maxillary and mental barbels present totally 4-6.
Dorsal fin short, with long more or less serrated spine preceded by a very short one.
Caudal fin deeply forked.
Adipose fin present.
Pectoral fin low set, with serrated spine.
Colour – Usually greyish blue, dark grey, yellow or brown sometimes with black patches or in some with silvery lateral stripe; pale to white below.
CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATES ANIMALS.pptx
Vertebrates are animals that possess a vertebral column or notochord at some point in their life. They evolved from a common ancestor around 600 million years ago and include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, bony fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and jawless fishes. Vertebrates are classified into these 7 classes based on their anatomical and physiological features such as their skeleton, body temperature regulation, reproductive strategies, and more.
Black tip shark
The document provides information on the blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus), including its taxonomy, description, distribution, biology, feeding behavior, life history, and interactions with humans. It notes that the blacktip shark is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical coastal waters, preys mainly on fish in schools, and gives birth to 4-7 pups every other year. The species is fished commercially and recreationally across much of its range and has been assessed as Near Threatened by the IUCN due to overfishing.
Biology of coral,beauty of sea.
Coral are marine invertebrates that live in colonies made of many individual polyps. Each polyp has a mouth and ring of tentacles surrounded by calcium carbonate exoskeleton. Most reef-building corals have a symbiotic relationship with algae called zooxanthellae that live inside their cells and provide nutrients through photosynthesis. Corals can reproduce both sexually through broadcast spawning or brooding, and asexually through budding or dividing to form new polyps. The calcium carbonate skeletons of corals are the basis for coral reefs, which are diverse ecosystems home to thousands of species.
biology of whale shark ppt
Introduction The whale shark ,Rhincodon typus are large slow moving filter – feeders that are the largest known living fish in the ocean .
The whale shark has a very widespread distribution and occurs throughout the worlds tropical and warm temperate seas.
The largest confirmed Individual had a length of 18.8 m.
FD2_KG_SharksAndRays 2021.pptx
This document provides information about sharks, rays, and chimaeras. It discusses their key characteristics, senses, ecological roles, and importance. Sharks have over 500 species with 5-7 gill slits and can detect prey using electroreception. Rays and skates live on the seafloor and use their fins and tails for movement. Chimaeras live in deep water and have unusual heads. Overfishing threatens many shark species. Research in the British Virgin Islands tracks shark and ray populations and monitors ecosystem health.
Larval forms in echinoderm.pptx
Echinoderms undergo a complex metamorphosis during development, starting as free-swimming larvae. There are five main larval forms: dipleurula, bipinnaria, brachiolaria, ophiopluteus, and echiniopluteus. These larvae have ciliated bands that help them swim and feed. As they develop arms and other features, they transition into their respective adult body plans through metamorphosis and settlement. The common larval features indicate a shared evolutionary ancestry among the classes of echinoderms.
The vertebrates
Vertebrates are chordates that have a backbone or spine replacing their notochord as they develop. They are divided into several classes: Agnatha (jawless fish), Chondrichthyes (cartilage fish like sharks), Osteichthyes (bony fish), Amphibia (amphibians), Reptilia (reptiles), Aves (birds), and Mammalia (mammals). Vertebrates are characterized by features like an internal skeleton, vertebral column, cranium, and organ systems like respiratory, circulatory, and digestive. The major groups of vertebrates first appeared between 550-150 million years ago.
phylum mollusca
The document provides information about the phylum Mollusca. It discusses that Mollusca is the second largest phylum and includes animals such as snails, squids, clams, and octopuses. It then summarizes the key characteristics of several mollusc classes, including Bivalvia (clams and mussels), Gastropoda (snails), and Cephalopoda (octopuses and squids). The document also describes some unique adaptations of molluscs and their life cycles.
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Golda) -Shellfish Biology
Macrobrachium rosenbergii , also known as the giant river prawn or giant freshwater prawn, is a commercially important species of palaemonid freshwater prawn. It is found throughout the tropical and subtropical areas of the Indo-Pacific region.
Class osteichthyes <imran>
Fish are all members of the phylum Chordata, sub-phylum Vertebrata. Fish are generally spindle-shaped, oval in section, and flattened either sideways or dorsal-ventrally. The skin is covered in protective scales, with some exceptions (lampreys, ocean sunfish). All fins have fins of some sort, all the size, number, and shape vary. Fish breathe through gills, and only a very few have actual lungs. Most fish have a special organ known as a swim bladder that prevents them from sinking, and, in some cases, aids in respiration. The common name "fish" refers to four different classes, depending on the person classifying them (there are numerous different ways to classify fish). Bony fish also have special adaptations that allow them to remain buoyant. A special organ called a swim bladder housed under the bony skeleton is a gas filled chamber that allows the bony fish to remain floating in the water. Some fish have a connection between this organ and the digestive tract to allow the extraction of oxygen. Another special adaptation is the operculum, a flap on each side of the fish that covers the chambers housing the gills. A bony fish is able to breathe without swimming simply by moving the operculum. Other hallmarks of these fish are paired fins, many teeth, dermal scales in the skin (in most species), and numerous vertebrae. Most bony fish are ray-finned fish, meaning that they have thin, flexible skeletal rays. Lobe-finned fish, the other type of bony fish, have muscular fins supported by bones. Only one species of lobe-finned fish, the coelacanth, still lives. However, it was the lobe-finned fish that made possible the colonization of land.
Economic important fishes
This document contains information on several fish, crustacean, and mollusk species. It describes the taxonomy, physical characteristics, habitat/ecology, and economic importance of species including the rohu fish, catla fish, mrigal carp, pomfret fish, giant river prawn, crabs, and pearl oyster. The rohu, catla, and mrigal are important aquaculture species in South Asia and are commonly farmed together. The document also provides details on the taxonomy, morphology, and life cycle of these organisms.
Similar to Spinner shark final (20)
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Golda) -Shellfish Biology
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Golda) -Shellfish Biology
Spinner shark final
- 1. Spinner shark Carcharhinus brevipinna Taxanomy of fin fishes (Elasmobranches)
- 2. Classification of spinner shark Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Sub phylum : vertebrata Super class : gnathostmata Class : Chondricthyes Sub class : elasmobranchii Super order : galeomorphi Order : Carcharhiniformes Family : Carcharhinidae Genus : Carcharhinus Species : brevipinna
- 3. Elasmobranchus Greek : elasmo - metal beaten out branchus – gills • The Term elasmobranchus refers to the sharks, rays and skates which are cartilaginous fishes. • These animals have a skeleton made of cartilage. • The classification system refer to these organisms as class Chondrichthyes and sub class elasmobranchii.
- 4. Order – carcharhiniformes (ground shark) • Two dorsal fins without spines • Anal fin present • five gill slits are present • gill rakers are absent • eyes with nictidating fold or membrane • spiracles present or absent • intestinal valve of spiral or scroll type • development may be oviparous/viviparous/ovoviviparous
- 5. Family carcharhinidae (Greek : karcharos – sharp shark , rhinos – nose) • Five gills , the 5th behind the origin of pectoral fin • round eyes with internal nictidating memberane • No norsal grooves or barbles • Usually no spiracles • Teeth are blade like with one cusp • Develpoement – viviparous
- 6. Genus - Carcharhinus Have High number of species in its family .ie,36 species and 8 extinct species Species characteristics (C.brevipinna) • fins have no spines or rays • 1st dorsal fin is small , no inter dorsal ridges • 2nd dorsal ,anal , pectorals and caudal fins are dark b;ack or grey tipped • Body is slender with a long narrow pointed snout and covered with dermal denticles • Grey above and white below with conspicuous white band on sides • Long gill slits are present • Small narrow cusped teeth are present
- 8. Species biology • Found on warm and temperate waters • Feed on pelagic bony fisess • Viviparous bears upto 3-15 cups , forms school • Highly migratory off ( florida , lousiana , gulf of Mexico) • Makes vertical spinning leaps out of water as a feed technique(spins through school of small fishes and breaks the surface) • Marked as vulnerable species and consumed by humans for fins and livers • Life span 15 to 20 yrs • Common length 250cm and weight 89.7 kg
- 10. CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES • C.Limbatus • C.Johnsoni • C.maculipinnis • C.Amblyrhinocoides • C.Brachyurus • Dusky shark,sandbar shark,bull shark, blacktail shark etc……are some of the closely related species of spinner shark • Spinner sharks are frequently mistaken for black tip shark and they can be differentiated by the dark tip of anal fin in spinner shark which is absent in blacktip shark