The document provides information on the blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus), including its taxonomy, description, distribution, biology, feeding behavior, life history, and interactions with humans. It notes that the blacktip shark is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical coastal waters, preys mainly on fish in schools, and gives birth to 4-7 pups every other year. The species is fished commercially and recreationally across much of its range and has been assessed as Near Threatened by the IUCN due to overfishing.
Identification and study of important cultivable FishesDr. Karri Ramarao
In India mostly major carps are use to cultivable freshwater fish and some catfish also use to culture. The important cultivable species are Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigalaIn India mostly major carps are use to cultivable fish and some catfish also use to culture. The important cultivable saline water species areMugils, Lates etc,.
Identification and study of important cultivable FishesDr. Karri Ramarao
In India mostly major carps are use to cultivable freshwater fish and some catfish also use to culture. The important cultivable species are Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigalaIn India mostly major carps are use to cultivable fish and some catfish also use to culture. The important cultivable saline water species areMugils, Lates etc,.
Sorry I was suppose to upload this powerpoint on August 9th but I just couldnt walt so any way this powerpoint that is all about sharks. If you want to learn about sharks before shark week then this is the powerpoint for you. This has info on different types of species of sharks. But I will posted on facebook on August 9th . So if you are on facebook make sure to check it out
Molluscs had a tremendous impact on Indian tradition and economy popular as ornaments and currency.
The over – exploitation and juvenile exploitation of some species led to gradual decline of the stock.
Studies on the commercially important gastropods are scanty.
Sorry I was suppose to upload this powerpoint on August 9th but I just couldnt walt so any way this powerpoint that is all about sharks. If you want to learn about sharks before shark week then this is the powerpoint for you. This has info on different types of species of sharks. But I will posted on facebook on August 9th . So if you are on facebook make sure to check it out
Molluscs had a tremendous impact on Indian tradition and economy popular as ornaments and currency.
The over – exploitation and juvenile exploitation of some species led to gradual decline of the stock.
Studies on the commercially important gastropods are scanty.
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Dans le cadre de mes études universitaires, il nous a demandé de faire un projet à propos de l'une des types de question pour évaluer les compétences des élèves pour n'importe quel sujet, j’ai choisi ''les types de questions posés en classe''.
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DR Richard Isaacs, MD joined Kaiser Permanente in 1995 and he has Advanced Certification in Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery. His specialties include: orbital, nasal, and maxillofacial surgery, as well as thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Additionally, Rich is trained in Facial Plastic and Reconstr.
Whale Shark The largest of all sharks and the largest living fish, the whale shark is one of the most dramatic views of the ocean. Its large size, distinctive patterns and its enormous mouth make it instantly recognizable and can be commonly seen wandering near the surface in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. Their diet is based mainly on plankton, but also regularly feed on small schooling fish and squid. Unlike basking sharks, which simply filter vast amounts of water as they swim, whale sharks actively suck their prey before filtering efficiently and are sometimes seen in groups, feeding on high concentrations of food. Regularly appear in the same places at specific times of the year, probably to capitalize on plankton blooms and events such as coral spawning.
Identification of Indian Major Carps,Catla catla (catla), Labeo rohita (rohu) and Cirrhinus cirrhosus (mrigal),Chinese Major carps , Grass, silver, bighead, and black carp , OTHER COMMON SPECIES OF PAKISTAN, Trout, Salmon, Tilapia
This presentation is on Endangerd species of marine mammals and marine birds. Explain about bioligy,habitat,reproduction,threats and conservations of the animals.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
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- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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1. SADAT CITY UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF VETRINARY
MEDICINE
DEPT.OF AQUATIC ANIMAL
MEDICINE & MANAGEMENT
By:-
Muhannad Gamal Omran
2.
3. Introduction
The blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) is a species of requiem shark, and part
of the family Carcharhinidae. It is common to coastal tropical and subtropical
waters around the world, including brackish habitats.
Genetic analyses have revealed substantial variation within this species, with
populations from the western Atlantic Ocean isolated and distinct from those in the
rest of its range.
The blacktip shark has a stout, fusiform body with a pointed snout, long gill slits,
and no ridge between the dorsal fins.
Most individuals have black tips or edges on the pectoral, dorsal, pelvic,
and caudal fins. It usually attains a length of 1.5 m
Swift, energetic piscivores, blacktip sharks are known to make spinning leaps out
of the water while attacking schools of small fish.
Their demeanor has been described as "timid" compared to other large requiem
sharks. Both juveniles and adults form groups of varying size. Like other members
of its family, the blacktip shark is viviparous; females bear one to 10 pups every
other year.
Young blacktip sharks spend the first months of their lives in shallow nurseries,
and grown females return to the nurseries where they were born to give birth
themselves. In the absence of males, females are also capable of asexual
reproduction.
Normally wary of humans, blacktip sharks can become aggressive in the presence
of food and have been responsible for a number of attacks on people.
This species is of importance to both commercial and recreational fisheries across
many parts of its range, with its meat, skin, fins, and liver oil used.
It has been assessed as Near Threatened by the IUCN, on the basis of its low
reproductive rate and high value to fishers.
4. Taxonomy
The blacktip shark was first described by French zoologist Achille
Valenciennes as Carcharias (Prionodon) limbatus in Johannes
Müllerand Friedrich Henle's 1839 Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen.
The type specimens were two individuals caught off Martinique, both of which
have since been lost. Later authors moved this species to the
genus Carcharhinus. The specific epithetlimbatus is Latin for "bordered", referring
to the black edges of this shark's fins.
Other common names used for the blacktip shark include blackfin shark, blacktip
whaler, common or small blacktip shark, grey shark, and spotfin ground shark
Phylogeny and evolution
The closest relatives of the blacktip shark were originally thought to be
the graceful shark (C. amblyrhynchoides) and the spinner shark (C. brevipinna),
due to similarities in morphology and behavior.
However, this interpretation has not been borne out by studies of mitochondrial
and ribosomal DNA, which instead suggest affinity with the black nose shark (C.
acronotus).
More work is required to fully resolve the relationship between the blacktip shark
and other Carcharhinus species.
Analysis of mitochondrial DNA has also revealed two distinct lineages within this
species, one occupying the western Atlantic and the other occupying the eastern
Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans.
This suggests that Indo-Pacific blacktip sharks are descended from those in the
eastern Atlantic, while the western Atlantic sharks became isolated by the
widening Atlantic Ocean on one side and the formation of the Isthmus of
Panama on the other.
Blacktip sharks from these two regions differ in morphology, coloration, and life
history characteristics, and the eastern Atlantic lineage may merit species status.
Fossil teeth belonging to this species have been found in Early
Miocene (23–16 Ma) deposits in Delaware and Florida.
5. Description
The blacktip shark has a robust, streamlined body with a long, pointed snout and
relatively small eyes.
The five pairs of gill slits are longer than those of similar requiem shark species.
The jaws contain 15 tooth rows on either side, with two symphysial teeth (at the
jaw midline) in the upper jaw and one symphysial tooth in the lower jaw.
The teeth are broad-based with a high, narrow cusp and serrated edges. The first
dorsal fin is tall and falcate (sickle-shaped) with a short free rear tip; no ridge runs
between the first and second dorsal fins. The large pectoral fins are falcate and
pointed.
The coloration is gray to brown above and white below, with a conspicuous white
stripe running along the sides. The pectoral fins, second dorsal fin, and the lower
lobe of the caudal fin usually have black tips.
The pelvic fins and rarely the anal fin may also be black-tipped. The first dorsal fin
and the upper lobe of the caudal fin typically have black edges. Some larger
individuals have unmarked or nearly unmarked fins.
6. Blacktip sharks can temporarily lose almost all their colors during blooms, or
"whitings", of coccolithophores. This species attains a maximum known length of
2.8 m, though 1.5 m is more typical, and a maximum known weight of 123 kg
Distribution and habitat
The blacktip shark has a worldwide distribution in tropical and subtropical waters.
In the Atlantic, it is found from Massachusetts to Brazil, including the Gulf of
Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, and from the Mediterranean Sea, Madeira, and
the Canary Islands to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
It occurs all around the periphery of the Indian Ocean, from South
Africa and Madagascar to the Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent,
to Southeast Asia.
In the western Pacific, it is found from southern China to northern Australia,
including the Philippines and Indonesia. In the eastern Pacific, it occurs from Baja
California to Peru.
It has also been reported at a number of Pacific islands, including New
Caledonia, Tahiti, the Marquesas, Hawaii, Revillagigedo, and the Galápagos.
Most blacktip sharks are found in water less than 30 m deep over continental and
insular shelves, though they may dive to 64 m. Favored habitats are muddy bays,
island lagoons, and the drop-offs near coral reefs; they are also tolerant of
low salinity and enter estuaries and mangrove swamps.
7. Although an individual may be found some distance offshore, blacktip sharks do
not inhabit oceanic waters.
Seasonal migration has been documented for the population off the east coast of
the United States, moving north to North Carolina in the summer and south
to Florida in the winter
Biology and ecology
The blacktip shark is an extremely fast, energetic predator that is usually found in
groups of varying size. Segregation by sex and age does not occur; adult males and
non pregnant females are found apart from pregnant females, and both are
separated from juveniles. In Terra Ceia Bay, Florida, a nursery area for this
species, juvenile blacktips form aggregations during the day and disperse at night.
They aggregate most strongly in the early summer when the sharks are youngest,
suggesting that they are seeking refuge from predators (mostly larger sharks) in
numbers.
Predator avoidance may also be the reason why juvenile blacktips do not
congregate in the areas of highest prey density in the bay. Adults have no known
predators. Known parasites of the blacktip shark include the copepods Pandarus
sinuatus and P. smithii,
and the monogeneans Dermophthirius penneri and Dionchus spp., which attach the
shark's skin. This species is also parasitized by nematodes in the family
Philometridae, which infest the ovaries.
Behavior
Like the spinner shark, the blacktip shark is known to leap out of the water and
spin three or four times about its axis before landing. Some of these jumps are the
end product of feeding runs, in which the shark corkscrews vertically through
schools of small fish and its momentum launches it into the air.
Observations in the Bahamas suggest that blacktip sharks may also jump out of the
water to dislodge attached shark suckers (Echeneis naucrates), which irritate the
shark's skin and compromise its hydrodynamic shape.
The speed attained by the shark during these jumps has been estimated to average
6.3 m/s
8. Blacktip sharks have a timid disposition and consistently lose out to Galapagos
sharks (C. galapagensis) and silvertip sharks (C. albimarginatus) of equal size
when competing for food.[1]
If threatened or challenged, they may perform an agonistic display: the shark
swims towards the threat and then turns away, while rolling from side to side,
lowering its pectoral fins, tilting its head and tail upwards, and making sideways
biting motions.
The entire sequence lasts around 25 seconds. This behavior is similar to the actions
of a shark attempting to move a shark sucker; one of these behaviors possibly is
derived from the other.
Feeding
Fish make up some 90% of the blacktip shark's diet. A wide variety of fish have
been recorded as prey for this species: sardines, herring, anchovies, ladyfish, sea
catfish,cornetfish, flatfish, threadfins, mullet, mackerel, jacks, groupers, snook, por
gies, mojarras, emperors, grunts, butterfish, tilapia, triggerfish, boxfish,
and porcupinefish. They also feed on rays and skates, as well as smaller sharks
such as smooth hounds and sharp nose sharks. Crustaceans and cephalopods are
occasionally taken.
9. In the Gulf of Mexico, the most important prey of the blacktip shark is the Gulf
menhaden (Brevoortia patronus), followed by the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias
undulatus).
Off South Africa, jacks and herring are the most important prey. Hunting peaks at
dawn and dusk.
The excitability and sociability of blacktip sharks makes them prone to feeding
frenzies when large quantities of food are suddenly available, such as when fishing
vessels dump their refuse overboard.
Life history
As with other requiem sharks, the blacktip shark exhibits vivipary. Females
typically give birth to four to seven (range one to 10) pups every other year,
making use of shallow coastal nurseries that offer plentiful food and fewer
predators.
Known nurseries include Pine Island Sound, Terra Ceia Bay, and Yankee town
along the Gulf Coast of Florida, Bulls Bay on the coast of South Carolina, and
Pontal do Paraná on the coast of Brazil.
Although adult blacktip sharks are highly mobile and disperse over long distances,
they are philopatric and return to their original nursery areas to give birth. This
results in a series of genetically distinct breeding stocks that overlap in geographic
range. Mating occurs from spring to early summer, and the young are born around
the same time the following year after a gestation period of 10–12 months.
10. Females have one functional ovary and two functional uteri; each uterus is
separated into compartments with a single embryo inside each.The embryos are
initially sustained by a yolk sac
in the 10th or 11th week of gestation, when the embryo measures 18–19 cm long,
the supply of yolk is exhausted and the yolk sac develops into
a placental connection that sustains the embryo until birth.
The length at birth is 55–60 cm off the eastern United States and 61–65 cm off
North Africa. The mortality rate in the first 15 months of life is 61–91%, with
major threats being predation and starvation.
The young remain in the nurseries until their first fall, when they migrate to their
wintering grounds.
The growth rate of this species slows with age: 25–30 cm in the first six months,
then 20 cm a year until the second year, then 10 cm a year until maturation, then
5 cm a year for adults. The size at maturity varies geographically: males and
females mature at 1.4–1.5 m and 1.6 m , respectively, in the northeastern
Atlantic,1.3–1.4 m and 1.5–1.6 m , respectively, in the Gulf of Mexico, 1.5 and
1.6 m respectively off South Africa, and 1.7 and 1.8 m , respectively, off North
Africa. The age at maturation is 4–5 years for males and 7–8 years for females.
The lifespan is at least 12 years.
In 2007, a 9-year-old female blacktip shark at the Virginia Aquarium and Marine
Science Center was found to be pregnant with a single near-term female pup,
despite having never mated with a male. Genetic analysis confirmed that her
offspring was the product of automictic parthenogenesis, a form of asexual
reproduction in which an ovum merges with a polar body to form
a zygote without fertilization.
Along with an earlier case of parthenogenesis in the bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo),
this event suggests that asexual reproduction may be more wide spread in sharks
than previously though
Human interactions
Blacktip sharks showing curiosity towards divers has been reported, but they
remain at a safe distance. Under most circumstances, these timid sharks are not
regarded as highly dangerous to humans. However, they may become aggressive in
the presence of food, and their size and speed invite respect.
11. As of 2008, the International Shark Attack File lists 28 unprovoked attacks (one
fatal) and 13 provoked attacks by this species.
Blacktip sharks are responsible annually for 16% of the shark attacks around
Florida. Most attacks by this species result in only minor wounds.
As one of the most common large sharks in coastal waters, the blacktip shark is
caught in large numbers by commercial fisheries throughout the world,
using longlines, fixed-bottom nets, bottom trawls, and hook-and-line. The meat is
of high quality and marketed fresh, frozen, or dried and salted.
In addition, the fins are used for shark fin soup, the skin for leather, the liver
oil for vitamins, and the carcasses for fishmeal.
Blacktip sharks are one of the most important species to the northwestern Atlantic
shark fishery, second only to the sandbar shark (C. plumbeus).
The flesh is considered superior to that of the sandbar shark, resulting in the
sandbar and other requiem shark species being sold under the name "blacktip
shark" in the United States.
12. The blacktip shark is also very significant to Indian and Mexican fisheries, and is
caught in varying numbers by fisheries in the Mediterranean and South China Seas,
and off northern Australia.
The blacktip shark is popular with recreational anglers in Florida, the Caribbean,
and South Africa. It is listed as a game fish by the International Game Fish
Association.
Once hooked, this species is a strong, steady fighter that sometimes jumps out of
the water.
Since 1995, the number of blacktip sharks taken by recreational anglers in the
United States has approached or surpassed the number taken by commercial
fishing.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the blacktip shark
as Near Threatened, as its low reproductive rate renders it vulnerable
to overfishing. The United States and Australia are the only two countries that
manage fisheries catching blacktip sharks.
In both cases, regulation occurs under umbrella management schemes for multiple
shark species, such as that for the large coastal sharks category of the US National
Marine Fisheries Service Atlantic shark Fisheries Management Plan. No
conservation plans specifically for this species have been implemented
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