The paper was presented at the ICGIoT 2015 Conference in Delhi, India.

1. Mithileysh Sathiyanarayanan and Donato Pirozzi
University of Brighton, UK and University of Salerno, Italy
ICGCIoT 2015
Delhi, India
Contact: M.Sathiyanarayanan@brighton.ac.uk

2. The main aim of this research is to develop
a novel visual method which can
significantly improve the analysis of set
relationships by improving complexity and
layout issues.

3.  As the datasets increase in size, they often
tend to become difficult to manually
examine and visual tools for supporting the
large data are not effective which is a real-
world problem.
 In particular, data analysts are currently not
supported when they wish to visualize large
and complex set relationships.

4.  Developed a novel visual method to
improve set relationship analysis;
 Designed, evaluated and compared
Spherule diagrams with Euler diagrams.

5. A Spherule diagram is a set visualization tool,
matrix-based method, which is similar to
ConSet and UpSet in representing relationships
between sets and elements. We considered two
separate levels in visualizing sets and data
items relationships: set level and element level.

6. Example of (a) non-wellmatched Euler diagram (b)
non-wellformed Euler diagram (c) Spherule diagram

8.  Diagrams were drawn using the software
Inkscape.
 30 participants from Count on Us company in
Bangalore, India were randomly selected for the
study.
 22 of the participants were males, 8 females,
and their age varied from 25 to 48 years with
36.5 years as the mean value for their age.
 Next, all participants were asked questions
based on the visualisations.
 Diagrams drawn were randomised for the
participants.

9. Comparing Euler Diagram and Spherule
diagrams without elements
 Are the sports in an alphabetical order?
 How many regions does SKATING have?
 Which sport has four regions?

10. Euler Diagram Spherule Diagram

11. Comparing Euler Diagram and Spherule
diagrams with elements
 Some people interested in CRICKET are also
interested in FOOTBALL? (set intersection)
 All people interested in CRICKET are also
interested in BASKETBALL? (Set inclusion)
 No people interested in FOOTBALL are
interested in BASKETBALL? (set disjointness)

12. Euler Diagram Spherule Diagram

13. 1)Which one is simple and easy to understand?
2) Which one is easy to navigate based on the
previous questions?
3)Which one has a better layout?
4) Do you prefer set labels to be in an
alphabetical order?
5) Overall, which one do you prefer? Explain
why you think the diagram will be more
useful and appropriate for representing data.

15.  Wellmatchedness: Compared to Euler
diagrams, Spherule diagrams are wellmatched,
where the spatial relationships between the
spheres precisely reflect the set relations.
 Wellformedness: Compared to Euler diagrams,
Spherule diagrams can be represented easily
without breaking any properties.

16.  Aesthetics: Compared to Euler diagrams’
curve crossing, Spherule diagrams does not
have any spheres crossing and there is no loss
of information.
 The other positives about the Spherule
diagrams are simple in construction (not
complex), easy to navigate, no clutter, set
labels are in alphabetical order and regions
are numbered sequentially.

17.  We would like to improve Spherule diagrams
by introducing graphs.
 Of course, other User Evaluation Studies are
needed to further evaluate the visualisation
efficiency and effectiveness.
 As practical work on Spherule diagrams, we
are thinking of providing a web-based
implementation.

18. ThankYou
and
Any Questions?