Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It originated through Isaac Newton's experiments using prisms to separate white light into a visible spectrum. Spectroscopy is now used in fields like physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, astronomy, and remote sensing. Different types of spectroscopy include flame, X-ray, atomic emission and absorption, infrared, and mass spectroscopy. A spectrometer is an instrument that measures spectra and shows intensity as a function of properties like wavelength, frequency, or mass. It uses components like prisms, diffraction gratings, or time-of-flight measurements to separate spectra and provide information about materials.

1. SPECTROSCOPY

2. Contents
Introduction
History
Types
Spectrometer

3. INTRODUCTION

4. Spectroscopy is the study of
 the interaction between matter and
electromagnetic radiation
originated through the study of visible light
dispersed according to its wavelength, by a prism

5. Introduction
Spectra Refers to:-
the distribution of colors produced when white
light is dispersed by a prism
continuous change in wavelength from red, the
longest wavelength, to violet, the shortest.
Spectroscopic data is represented by
spectrum, a plot of the response of interest as a
function of wavelength or frequency.

6. Conti…
Spectroscopy Used in
 Physical chemistry
 Analytical chemistry
 Research telescopes
 Astronomy
Remote sensing

7. History
Newton's Concept
In 1666–1672
spectroscopy began with Isaac Newton's optics
experiments
describe the rainbow of colors that combine to
form white light and that are revealed when the
white light is passed through a prism.

10. Joseph von Fraunhofer
 early 1800s
 made experimental advances with spectrometers
that enabled spectroscopy to become a more
precise and quantitative scientific technique.

12. TYPES OF
SPECTROSCOPY

13. Conti…
 Flame
 X-ray
 Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AE)
 Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA)
 Spark or arc (emission) spectroscopy

14. Conti…
 Visible/Ultraviolet (UV)
 Infrared (IR) and Near Infrared (NIR)
 Nuclear magnetic resonance

15. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AE)
 uses atoms excited from the heat of a flame to
emit light.
 analysis can be done with a high resolution
Polychromator to produce an emission
intensity.
 wavelength spectrum to detect multiple
elements simultaneously.

16. Atomic absorption spectroscopy
A spectroanalytical procedure for the quantitative
determination of chemical elements using
the absorption of optical radiation (light) by
free atoms in the gaseous state.

17. Mass Spectrometry
Is an analytical chemistry technique that helps
identify the amount and type of chemicals present
in a sample by measuring the mass-to-charge
ratio and abundance of gas-phase ions

19. 19
Infrared Spectroscopy
Is the spectroscopy that deals with
the infrared region of the electromagnetic
spectrum that is light with a longer wavelength and
lower frequency than visible light.

21. Spectrometer
A spectrometer is an apparatus
 to measure a spectrum
It shows intensity as a function of
 Wavelength
 Frequency
 Energy
 Momentum
 Mass

22. Optical spectrometer
 Mass spectrometer
Time-of-flight spectrometer
Magnetic spectrometer

23. Optical Spectrometer
 show the intensity of light as a function of
wavelength or of frequency
 The deflection is produced either
by refraction in a prism or by diffraction in
a diffraction grating

24. Mass spectrometer
A mass spectrometer is an analytical instrument
that is used to
identify the amount and type of chemicals present
in a sample by measuring the mass-to-charge ratio
abundance of gas-phase ions

25. Time-of-flight spectrometer
 determining the time of flight between
two detectors
 if the velocity is known, masses can be
determined