This document discusses endangered species in Pakistan. It outlines 6 mammal species that are endemic to Pakistan, including the Indus river dolphin, woolly flying squirrel, Chiltan markhor, snow leopard, Balochistan black bear, and Western Tragopan. It provides details on the population and habitat of each endangered species. The document also describes different types of species interactions such as competition, predation, parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism.

1. Oushal Khoso
2k15-EVS-29
Centre for Environmental sciences
University of sindh

3. Introduction
Endangered species in Pakistan
Types of species interaction
 Competition
 Predation
 Parasitism
 Commensalism
 Mutualism

4. A group of closely related organisms that
are very similar to each other and are
usually capable of interbreeding and
producing fertile offspring.

5. An endagered animal is one whose
species on the verge of going extinct
unless steps are taken soon to rescue it.
OR
An endangered species is a population of
organisms which is facing a high risk of
becoming extinct because it either few un
number’s or threatened by changing
environmental or predation parameters.

6.  The term ‘species of special concern’ is defined by WWF
to include endangered, threatened and nationally
important species, irrespective of their global status.
 Pakistan is host to a number of endemic species and sub
species, including six mammals:
 Indus dolphin
 Woolly flying squirrel
 Chiltan markhor
 Snow leopard
 Balochistan black bear
 Western Tragopan

7.  The Indus River dolphin is
one of the world’s rarest
mammals and the second
most endangered
freshwater river dolphin.
 Approximately 1,100
specimens of this species
exist today in a small
fraction of their former
range, the lower reaches
of the Indus River in
Pakistan.

8.  The wooly flying
squirrel is one of the
most elusive animals
in all the world. It has
been known to
science for almost
130 years, but it's only
been seen alive about
ten times.

9.  The endemic Chiltan
markhor is now found
only in the Hazarganji-
Chiltan National Park,
Balochistan.

10.  The Snow leopard as
a globally endangered
species.
 Estimated the total
remaining population
is 7,000 to 10,000.
 300 are found in
Pakistan.

11.  The Balochistan black
bear is a subspecies of
the Asiatic black bear.
 found in the Balochistan
mountains of southern
Pakistan and Iran.
 In Balochistan, the bear
is found in the higher hill
ranges of Takht-e-Suliman
and Toba Kakar.
 Also found in Ziarat, Kalat
and Khuzdar.

12.  Although they were
once common in the
Western Himalayas,
only a small
population.
 Now survives in Keyal
and Palas valleys, in
Indus Kohistan, and in
Azad Kashmir.

13.  Competition
 Predation
 Parasitism
 Commensalism
 Mutualism

14.  Competition is an
interaction between
organisms or species
in which both the
organisms or species
are harmed.
Competition both
within and between
species is an important
topic in ecology,
especially community
ecology.

15.  A form of symbiotic
relationship between
two organisms of
unlike species in
which one of them
acts as predator that
captures and feeds on
the other organism
that serves as the
prey. Supplement.

16.  The relation between
two different kinds of
organisms in which
one receives benefits
from the other by
causing damage to it
(usually not fatal
damage).

17.  Commensalism
describes a
relationship in which
one species benefits
but the other is
unaffected.

18.  Mutualism is an
interaction
characterized by
mutual benefit, so
both species benefit
from the relationship.
A flowering plant
producing nectar to
attract an animal,
such as a bee, is one
example.