The document discusses various topics related to manufacturing plastic components and composite materials. It provides details on different types of plastics and their properties, various plastic processing methods like injection moulding, extrusion, rotational moulding etc. It also describes manufacturing processes for composite materials like hand layup, filament winding, pultrusion, liquid composite moulding. Glass fiber manufacturing process and applications of composites in different industries are also mentioned.
Special Machines Unit -1 MANUFACTURING OF PLASTIC COMPONENTSARAVIND U
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering IVth Semester M Scheme - Prepared By U. Aravind , Lecturer/Mechanical in Lakshmi Ammal Polytechnic College, K.R. Nagar, Kovilpatti, Tuticorin.
Recent growth of construction
industry has increased the demand of cement.
Increase of the cement utilization demands for
higher production efficiency and ultimately low
production cost. The efficiency of the cement
production depends greatly upon the efficiency of
a grinding mill which consumes 60-70% of the
total electricity consumption of the cement
plant[12]. A grinding mill (Ball Mill) is used to
grind the cement clinker into fine cement powder.
Grinding Aids are used to improve the grinding
efficiency and reduce power consumption. This
paper discusses the grinding aids mechanism and
improvement in grinding efficiency due to various
grinding aids viz .polyols, amines . This paper also
focus on the effects of grinding aids on the
mechanical properties of cement such as setting
time, specific surface, compressive strength at various stages.
RoadstaB - Road stabilization technology invented in Russia to withstand the crucial climatic condition, at the same time providing economical, durable, and innovative future alternative road in India. Please do not confuse Road stabilization with Soil Stabilization.
Special Machines Unit -1 MANUFACTURING OF PLASTIC COMPONENTSARAVIND U
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering IVth Semester M Scheme - Prepared By U. Aravind , Lecturer/Mechanical in Lakshmi Ammal Polytechnic College, K.R. Nagar, Kovilpatti, Tuticorin.
Recent growth of construction
industry has increased the demand of cement.
Increase of the cement utilization demands for
higher production efficiency and ultimately low
production cost. The efficiency of the cement
production depends greatly upon the efficiency of
a grinding mill which consumes 60-70% of the
total electricity consumption of the cement
plant[12]. A grinding mill (Ball Mill) is used to
grind the cement clinker into fine cement powder.
Grinding Aids are used to improve the grinding
efficiency and reduce power consumption. This
paper discusses the grinding aids mechanism and
improvement in grinding efficiency due to various
grinding aids viz .polyols, amines . This paper also
focus on the effects of grinding aids on the
mechanical properties of cement such as setting
time, specific surface, compressive strength at various stages.
RoadstaB - Road stabilization technology invented in Russia to withstand the crucial climatic condition, at the same time providing economical, durable, and innovative future alternative road in India. Please do not confuse Road stabilization with Soil Stabilization.
Composite materials are becoming popular in various industries such as aerospace industry, automotive industry, and wind energy. We have seen global surge in the demand of composites particularly carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites, which has led to huge volume of manufacturing and end-of-life waste material. The most common way for disposing of composite waste is through landfills. However, current, and impending legislations such as Directive on Landfill of Waste, have limited the amount of composite waste permitted for landfilling. Also, for making of pristine carbon fiber requires high amount of energy if we compare it to other materials like steel and aluminium. This generates a need to find out a way to recycle and reuse the waste material or the end-of-life material in different sector applications. This study mainly focuses on the strength comparison of pristine(virgin) CFRP with recycled CFRP and conducting finite element analysis on some parts made from virgin and recycled material. Also, details about mechanical recycling, cost estimation for producing virgin material as well as for recycling the material must be taken into account.
RoadstaB technology is an innovative technology from Russia in road construction for Highway bases, State road bases, Dirt road without protective layer, village roads without protective layer. This is the only available technology in India, which is meant for crucial climate, withstands in saturated conditions. Best part of this technology is that the base additive is in liquid form, facilitates to create a homogeneous mix with water.
Panasonic 600 V GaN HEMT PGA26E19BA 2017 teardown reverse costing report publ...Yole Developpement
Panasonic adopts a DFN 8x8 package for its normally-off GaN HEMT structure
System Plus Consulting unveils the first GaN HEMT from Panasonic assembled in a dual flat no-lead (DFN) 8x8 package. Panasonic decided to abandon the standard TO220 package, probably because of poor electrical performance. Thanks to its proprietary X-GaN transistor structure and new die design the company has managed to produce a very competitive normally-off component.
The new PGA26E19BA from Panasonic features a medium breakdown voltage of 600V for a current of 10A at 25°C, with very low on-resistance with respect to its competitors and the TO220 assembled component.The transistor is optimized to be used in power supplies and AC-DC, photovoltaic and motor inverters.
Composite materials are becoming popular in various industries such as aerospace industry, automotive industry, and wind energy. We have seen global surge in the demand of composites particularly carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites, which has led to huge volume of manufacturing and end-of-life waste material. The most common way for disposing of composite waste is through landfills. However, current, and impending legislations such as Directive on Landfill of Waste, have limited the amount of composite waste permitted for landfilling. Also, for making of pristine carbon fiber requires high amount of energy if we compare it to other materials like steel and aluminium. This generates a need to find out a way to recycle and reuse the waste material or the end-of-life material in different sector applications. This study mainly focuses on the strength comparison of pristine(virgin) CFRP with recycled CFRP and conducting finite element analysis on some parts made from virgin and recycled material. Also, details about mechanical recycling, cost estimation for producing virgin material as well as for recycling the material must be taken into account.
RoadstaB technology is an innovative technology from Russia in road construction for Highway bases, State road bases, Dirt road without protective layer, village roads without protective layer. This is the only available technology in India, which is meant for crucial climate, withstands in saturated conditions. Best part of this technology is that the base additive is in liquid form, facilitates to create a homogeneous mix with water.
Panasonic 600 V GaN HEMT PGA26E19BA 2017 teardown reverse costing report publ...Yole Developpement
Panasonic adopts a DFN 8x8 package for its normally-off GaN HEMT structure
System Plus Consulting unveils the first GaN HEMT from Panasonic assembled in a dual flat no-lead (DFN) 8x8 package. Panasonic decided to abandon the standard TO220 package, probably because of poor electrical performance. Thanks to its proprietary X-GaN transistor structure and new die design the company has managed to produce a very competitive normally-off component.
The new PGA26E19BA from Panasonic features a medium breakdown voltage of 600V for a current of 10A at 25°C, with very low on-resistance with respect to its competitors and the TO220 assembled component.The transistor is optimized to be used in power supplies and AC-DC, photovoltaic and motor inverters.
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 4 PPT - Chapter 1 : Topic Stati...ARAVIND U
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 4 PPT - Chapter 1 : Topic Statistical Fundamentals - Diploma 4th Semester - Mechanical Engineering - N Scheme - 4020440
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 4 PPT - Chapter 2 : Topic Control charts X bar & R Chart - Diploma 4th Semester - Mechanical Engineering - N Scheme - 4020440
020-Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - 4020440- IV Semester - Production and Quality Management - Unit 4 PPT - Chapter 2 : Topic Control charts X bar & R Chart
Prepared By…
U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 2 PPT - Basic Concepts of TQm -...ARAVIND U
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 2 PPT - Basic Concepts of TQm - Diploma 4th Semester - Mechanical Engineering - N Scheme - 4020440
020-Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - 4020440- IV Semester - Production and Quality Management - Unit 2 PPT - Basic Concepts of TQM Prepared By…
U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 1 PPT - Chapter 3 : Topic Proce...ARAVIND U
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 1 PPT - Chapter 3 : Topic Process Selection - Diploma 4th Semester - Mechanical Engineering - N Scheme - 4020440
020-Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - 4020440- IV Semester - Production and Quality Management - Unit 1 PPT - Process Selection Prepared By…
U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 1 PPT - Chapter 2 : Topic Proce...ARAVIND U
1020-Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - 4020440- IV Semester - Production and Quality Management - Unit 1 PPT - Process Planning Prepared By…
U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Thermal Engineering - I - Unit 1 Thermodynamics Process of Perfect Gases - N ...ARAVIND U
1020-Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - 4020340- III Semester - Thermal Engineering I -Unit 1 :Thermodynamics Process of Perfect Gases - Second Half -
PPT Prepared By…
U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
RES & EC Unit 3 PPT - Solar Photovoltaic System and Design & Ocean Energy, Ti...ARAVIND U
Thanks and Regards...
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Solar photovoltaic System and Design:
Solar photovoltaic a brief history of PV,PV in silicon: basic
principle, crystalline PV; reducing cost and raising efficiency, thin film
PV, other innovative technologies, electrical characteristics of silicon
PV cells and modules, grid connected PV system, cost of energy
from PV ,Environmental impact and safety.
System design of solar photovoltaic system: Load analysis-solar
array Design-Battery Design-Simple formulas. System design
procedure. Case Studies: Designing solar home lighting system -
Designing stand alone solar PV Power plant - Designing solar PV
water pumping system - Only arriving load capacity - solar array
sizing - Battery sizing - Inverter capacity and mountings.
Ocean energy, Tidal & Wave energy
Ocean energy resources – principle's of ocean thermal energy
conversion (OTEC) – Methods of Ocean thermal electric power
generation – Energy utilisation – basic principle of tidal power –
components and operations of tidal power plant – Energy and Power
forms of waves – Wave energy conversion devices.
Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation (RES&EC) Diploma mechanical E...ARAVIND U
Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation - V Sem - III Year - Unit 4 Power point Presentation - Bio-energy
Prepared By....
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=4E3rzVQAAAAJ&hl=en
Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation (RES&EC) Diploma mechanical E...ARAVIND U
Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Conservation - Diploma Mechanical Engineering - V Semester - III Year - All Unit Introduction Power point Presentation - Intro PPT
Prepared By.....
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=4E3rzVQAAAAJ&hl=en
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
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3. TOPICS
Manufacturing Of Plastic Components
Reciprocating Machines
Milling Machines And Gear Generating
Processes
Abrasive Process And Non-conventional
Machining Process
CNC Machines And Its Components
20-05-2018 3LAPC
4. UNIT 1 – MANUFACTURING OF
PLASTIC COMPONENTS
Plastic
Components
Processing of
Plastics
Composite
Manufacturing
20-05-2018 4LAPC
11. Important Terms
• Plastic - Synthetic Organic Polymer
• Composite - Combination of two dissimilar materials
( Reinforcement + Matrix)
• Elastomers - Thermoplastic Rubber
• Engineering Plastics - Used in Engineering
Applications
• LCP - Liquid Crystal Polymer (Aromatic Polyesters)
• Thermosets - Thermosetting Plastics
• Polymer - Combination of Monomers
• Degradation - Brake down of Chemical Structure
• Twin screw Extruder - Two Screw Extruder
12. • Fatigue - Brittle Crack
• Runner - Flow path of Molten material
• Sandwich Moulding - Two different polymers
injected one after another
• Calendaring - Plastic film producing process
• Filament - Single Fiber
• Strands - Bundle of filaments
• Prepregs - Pre-Impregnated ( Flexible Sheet of
Fibers & Resin)
• Glass Fiber - Amorphous Material
• Epoxy Resin - Polymerizable thermosetting
resins20-05-2018 LAPC 12
13. • Autoclave - Pressurized Oven
• Bleeder Material - Absorb Excess Resin
• Breather Material - Remove Excess Air
• Bagging Film - Form vacuum bag
• Barrier Film – Control the resin flow
• Filament winding - Process of Making Hollow
Section Components
• Pultrusion - Process of Making Straight shape of
Constant Cross-sectioned Components
• LCM - Liquid Composite Moulding
• RTM - Resin Transfer Moulding
• COI - Critical Oxygen Index
• Kevlar - Aramid Fibers
20-05-2018 LAPC 13
14. • Tow - Untwisted bundle of continuous filaments
• Yarn - Twisted bundle of tow
• Roving - Number of Untwisted bundle of yarns
20-05-2018 LAPC 14
15. I. Plastic Components
Plastics:
Plastics is an organic resin or synthetic
resin which can be moulded to any
required shape
It contains Oxygen , Hydrogen , Carbon
and Nitrogen
20-05-2018 15LAPC
18. Thermoplastics:
It Can Be Softened By Heating And
Hardened By Cooling
It can be remoulded
Ex: PVC, Polyester
Uses: Insulating Tapes, Toys.
20-05-2018 18LAPC
19. Thermosetting Plastics
It Cannot Be Softened On Heating , Once
hardened and set
It cannot be remoulded
Ex: Duroplast, Epoxy resin
Uses: Automobile Parts, Electric Plugs
20-05-2018 19LAPC
22. Factors Influencing The Selection Of
Plastics
I. Mechanical Properties
Strength
Stiffness
Fatigue
Toughness
Ductility
20-05-2018 22LAPC
23. II. Degradation
Brake down of chemical structure by heat
stress and radiation
III. Wear resistance and Frictional Properties
IV. Special Properties
Optical properties
Electrical properties
Flammability
V. Processing Cost
VI. Processing Methods
20-05-2018 23LAPC
24. Processing of Plastics
Extrusion Thermoforming Moulding
Processes
Calendaring Casting
Twin Screw
Extruder
Single Screw
Extruder
Compression
Moulding
Roto Moulding
Injection
Moulding
Expandable
Bead Moulding
Blow
Moulding
Gas
Injection
Moulding
Sandwich
Moulding
Structural Foam
Reciprocating
Screw
Ram or
Plunger Type
20-05-2018 24LAPC
25. SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDER
It has Three Zones
Feed Zone
Compression Zone
Metering Zone
Application:
• It is used to make tubes, sheets, ropes
20-05-2018 25LAPC
31. TWIN SCREW EXTRUDES
Types:
Intermeshing counter rotating
Intermeshing co-rotating
Non- Intermeshing counter rotating
Non- Intermeshing co-rotating
Advantages:
Output rate is high
Mixing efficiency is more
20-05-2018 31LAPC
32. RAM or PLUNGER TYPE
INJECTION MOULDING
Advantages
Complicated shapes of various sizes of
products can be produced
Good dimensional accuracy
Disadvantages
High tooling cost
Suitable for mass production only
High production rate
20-05-2018 LAPC 32
38. Extruder screw rotates in the normal way to
transport, melt and pressurize the material in
the barrel
Extruder screw moves forward like plunger to
inject melt into the mould
Advantages
High production rate.
Low cost.
20-05-2018 38LAPC
42. SANDWICH INJECTION MOULD
Sandwich moulding is defined as two or more
polymers are injected one after the other
through the dame gate in one or cavities.
Advantages:
Material, weight and cost is saved.
Increased stability and strength.
Decorative effects.
Combination of characteristics.
20-05-2018 42LAPC
46. GAS INJECTION MOULDING
• The gas-assisted injection molding process
begins with a partial or full injection of
polymer melt into the mold cavity.
Compressed gas is then injected into the core
of the polymer melt to help fill and pack the
mold
Advantages:
Lower cycle time.
No surface imperfections
Clamping forces are much lower
20-05-2018 46LAPC
50. INJECTION MOULDING FOR
THERMOSETTING MATERIALS
Thermosets molding is the reverse process of
thermoplastic. Special barrel and screw are
used in this process.
Advantages:
Fastest cycle.
Efficient pre heating material
Easiest finishing
Mould cost is low.
20-05-2018 50LAPC
52. CALENDARING
Calendaring is the process of producing
the sheet of materials by rolling the
plastics between multiple rollers. & Its
only for thermoplastic
Applications:
• Thermoplastic films
• Sheets & Coatings
Advantages:
• High accuracy
• High rate of production
20-05-2018 52LAPC
56. ROTATIONAL MOULDING
Used for producing hollow plastics.
Advantages
This process is suitable for making the products with
complicated shapes and size.
Less expanse than injection moulding.
Less expanse for manufacturing few parts than the other
process.
Disadvantages
This process is suitable for manufacturing hollow parts only.
Cycle time is slow.
It is not easy to get varying wall thickness within a part.
Only limited number of materials only can be mould.
20-05-2018 56LAPC
61. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR
PLASTIC COMPONENTS
1) Avoid under cuts.
2) Provide shrinkage allowance.
3) Avoid sharp corners.
4) long cored holes should be avoided.
5) Location of the parting surface of the mould
should be in one plane
6) Maintain uniform wall thickness
7) Ribs provided for increase strength
20-05-2018 LAPC 61
62. 8) try to design projections to have circular cross
sections
9) Use suitable size inserts
10) Considered material properties
20-05-2018 LAPC 62
63. COMPOSITE MANUFACTURING
A combination of two or more materials to
form a new material with enhanced material
properties.
Ex: Wood, Concrete, Brick
20-05-2018 LAPC 63
65. CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMPOSITE MANUFACTURING
• Good Bonding between Fibers and Matrix
• Proper Orientation of the fibers
• Uniform Distribution
• Good dimensional Control
20-05-2018 LAPC 65
66. APPLICATIONS OF COMPOSITE
MATERIALS
• Automotive Applications
• Aerospace Applications
• Marine Applications
• Construction Applications
• Sanitary Applications
• Building Applications
• Sports Applications
20-05-2018 LAPC 66
70. Raw Materials
Mixed &
Weighed
Fed into
Furnace
In Furnace ,
At refining
stage - 1425°C
In Furnace,
At forehearth
stage -
1260°C
Sizing
Chemical
is Added
Finish
Chemical
is Added
Filaments
Are
Bundled
Together
In Furnace,
At melting
stage - 1540°C
Smaller
Filaments
Formed
Filaments
Formed
Through
Batch unit
Molten glass
flows through
Platinum plate
Tiny holes
Pulled
Mechanically
Strands
Formed
74. HAND LAMINATING PROCESS
• Simplest Method of Composite manufacturing
• Glass fiber & epoxy resin common material
Advantages:
Simple process
Low cost
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Not suitable for mass production
20-05-2018 LAPC 74
78. FILAMENT WINDING
• Used For Making Hollow , Circular, Oval Sectioned
Components Like Pipes, Storage Tanks, Pressure
Vessel
Advantages
• Economic Process
• Very Fast Process
Disadvantages
• Poor Surface Finish
• Complex Shapes Difficult To Produce
20-05-2018 LAPC 78
83. PULTRUSION PROCESS
• Continues process used to produce long, straight,
constant cross section products like beams, rods,
pipes.
Advantages:
Automated process
Continuous & high speed process
Disadvantages:
Expensive die
Difficult to produce thin wall , tapered, complex
shape products LAPC 83
87. LIQUID COMPOSITE
MOULDING
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• It is also called as Resin Transfer Moulding
(RTM)
• It is used to produce Small complex aircraft and
automotive components, train seats
• It is cost effective process
• Consists of Injection ports, Air vents, Guide Pins &
gaskets
100. 20-05-2018 LAPC 100
Advantages:
• Simple
• Mould tool design
• Flexible method
• Better surface finish
Disadvantages:
• High capital cost
• Skill laminators need
• High maintenance cost
101. BOARD EXAM QUESTIONS
Part A&B
1. Write the Advantages of Structural Foam Injection
Moulding
2. Sketch &Show the parts of Calendaring
3. Differentiate between thermoplastics &
thermosetting plastics
4. What are Engineering Plastics? Give Example.
5. Define Autoclave Processing
6. What is Filament Winding?
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102. 7. What is Liquid Composite Moulding?
8. Write the Advantages and Disadvantages of
Pultrusion process
9. Define Pultrusion
10. List out Various Matrix materials
11. What is Elastomers?
12. Define Composite
13. Mention the Application of Filament Winding
14. List out the Constituents of Composite
15. Name the Different Composite manufacturing
Techniques
16. What are the two major types of plastics?LAPC
103. 17. Write the properties of plastics
18. What are the design consideration of plastic
components?
19. What are the two types of twin screw extruder?
20. What are the frictional properties of plastics?
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104. Part C
1. With a simple sketch, Explain Rotational Moulding
2. Explain the manufacturing Process of Glass Fibers
with a schematic diagram.
3. Explain with neat sketch the Single Screw Extruder
4. Explain with neat sketch the Plunger type
Extrusion
5. Explain the Reciprocating Screw Injection
Moulding
6. Explain the Gas Injection Moulding process
7. With a neat sketch explain Calendaring Process
105. 8. Explain the various types of Plastics available
9. Explain the various factors to be considered for the
selection of Plastic Material
10.With a neat sketch explain the functioning of twin
screw extruder
11.Briefly explain the characteristics of Composite
Manufacturing
12.With a neat sketch, Explain the Filament Winding
Process
13.Explain the Pultrusion process of composite
manufacturing with neat sketch
14.Write the short notes on (i) Structural Foam
Injection Moulding (ii) Rotational Moulding
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