The document discusses the culture and society of Sparta. It describes how Sparta focused on military strength and preventing change. Spartan men trained from a young age and lived communally. Women had more freedoms than in other Greek cities but were expected to be physically fit to bear strong sons. The economy relied on helot slaves who farmed the land. The rigid social hierarchy and isolationist policies helped Sparta maintain military dominance for over 200 years.

1. Sparta S. Central Greece in Peloponnesus Founded by the Dorians HW FlashCards

2. Men in Sparta liked to go to fancy dinner parties known as symposiums. Many guests like to tell riddles! So in the true tradition and culture of the Ancient Spartans solve this riddle… “When you look at me, I look at you. When you speak, I open my mouth and move my lips, but you cannot hear me and I can see you. What am I?”

3. Lineage Zeus + Taygete Eurotas Lacedaemon (boy) + Sparta (girl) Menelaos and Agamemnon (Husband of Helen = Troy) Ermione (daughter) + Orestes (son) Unite Argos & Sparta = lots of culture!! http://www.sikyon.com/Sparta/history_eg.html

5. Sparta a city of culture and the arts?? Say WHAT???? Used to be a polis that loved to Have visitors Dances Arts Musicians Purple dyed robes I like to call this the ARGOS affect!!

6. The Argos Affect Did these ideas stay around?? I wonder why………… HEHE….but I am going to keep you in suspense for a little…. Isn’t it great being the teacher!!

7. Readings on Sparta Now to learn more about the Spartans Read page 163 - 164 in the Human Heritage book to find out about the geographic and political organization of Greece and fill in the worksheet (Individual Work)

11. More land!!!! They Accomplished this not by colonization like all the other polises but by conquering their neighbors and enslaving them (Helots) Helots- Enslaved People! As Sparta grew they needed. . .

14. The more land the conquered. . . the more HELOTS there were Eventually they out numbered Spartans citizens 20 to 1 This makes Spartans paranoid and they must continue to be a very powerful army without any harmful outside influences They need someone to help them become stable!!

15. Lykurgos- 776 BC The reason the Spartans won’t change!! An unchangeable constitution and laws A Government Equal Land Use Iron for $$ - Not like real $$ Constitution was helped made by dog pups “ Not until I return to Sparta.” http://www.sikyon.com/Sparta/history_eg.html

16. Spartan Culture Mission: become the strongest people in Greece and take over all others by force!! How will they do this?? Have only strong people (men) Kill babies that are not healthy 7 year old boys sent to military camp Little food, clothing, sleep outside, Practice naked no matter temp. Marry at 20 years old Visit wives secretly

17. Spartan Culture Mission: become the strongest people in Greece and take over all others by force!! How will they do this?? Men under 30 years old live and eat in barracks Black Broth - YUMMY!!!! Cannot retire until they are 60 years old

18. Spartan Culture Mission: become the strongest people in Greece and take over all others by force!! How will they do this?? Women were given more freedoms then most Greeks Don’t need chaperones and can visit freely Free to own land Abducted at night to be married Could divorce her husband http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/aegean/culture/womenofsparta.html

19. Spartan Culture Mission: become the strongest people in Greece and take over all others by force!! How will they do this??

20. Spartan Culture Mission: become the strongest people in Greece and take over all others by force!! How will they do this?? Women must keep in good shape so they can have strong, healthy sons (#1 JOB) Eat well Wrestle and are in foot races Win or come home on your shield

21. More Land Mission: become the strongest people in Greece and take over all others by force!! Each healthy child was granted land Unhealthy children

22. Preventing Change How do the Spartans Prevent Change!? Use iron rods instead of coins : therefore cannot trade with other poleis Discourage all foreign visitors Spartans are only allowed to travel if it is for a military purpose Did not teach literature, math, business, theater, or art Instead they remained poor farmers

23. Xenophobia Define: Fear of Foreign People Paranoid and distrust inferior people NOT ALLOWED to marry foreigners Try to prevent change

24. The Spartan Adventure 469 B.C.E.

25. Social Status Aristocrats Perioeci Helots

26. Aristocrats Def- Wealthy People Citizens Little interest in farming, business or trade Main job train for the army and war Make lesser people obey by force

27. Perioeci Def- Merchants and artisans who live in the local villages Not Citizens and not slaves

28. Helots Farm the land (forced to work the land they once owned) Half of their crops must go to the aristocrats who own the land Spartans encourage others to hate and fear helots (kill for training)

29. The Government Oligarchy: Power in the hand of the few Kings Members of the Assembly Ephors & Elders

30. Kings 1 st one king Later 2 kings Elected by the nobles and aristocrats Rule together Very little power Only job – lead the army and religious ceremonies Descendants of Hercules Kings are Rivals

31. Members of the Assembly All men over 30 years old Jobs Pass Laws Decide War & Peace

32. Ephors & Elders Ephors – 5 new members elected every year (from the Assembly) Elders – 28 men over the age of 60 Jobs In charge of public affairs Education Enforce laws Manage Taxes

33. 250 year of military strength comes at a price. . . As the rest of Greece advances in the areas of trade, science, art, and government, the Spartans stay the same. The Spartans are happy to be the strong warriors that will help defend Greece!