The document summarizes aspects of Spartan and Athenian society in ancient Greece. Sparta was a military state that conquered neighboring peoples and turned them into helots, or serfs. Spartan society emphasized military training and discipline from a young age. In contrast, Athens developed into a democracy in the 5th century BC under the reforms of Cleisthenes, with all male citizens able to participate in debate and voting on laws. However, Athenian women and slaves had limited rights and roles in society.

1. Chapter 4, Notes Part 2 Greek City-States Sparta & Athens

2. Sparta – Military State

3. In Search of… “The Perfect Cheer!”

4. EASTLAKE HIGH SCHOOL… Go Spartans! My name is Craig I give good hugs You're not my friend If you do drugs

5. Like many Greek city-states, Sparta needed more land It gained land through conquest of the neighboring Laconians and Messenians.

7. These peoples became serfs who worked for the Spartans. They were called helots , from the Greek for “capture.”

9. Military system based on hoplites = Infantry who carried shield, sword & spear The fought shoulder to shoulder in a phalanx formation

10. Spartan Hoplite Phalanx

11. “ The Spartan Lifestyle”

12. Spartan Women Only in Sparta did girls receive public education in other city-states most women were completely illiterate.

13. Only in Sparta were girls allowed to engage in sport . Only in Sparta did women possess economic power and influence. Scandalized observers from other Greek cities commented that not only did Spartan women have opinions they were not afraid to voice in public, AND their husbands actually listened to them!

14. Spartan Lifestyle: Military State Stayed in the army until 60 Women & men lived apart Women expected to remain fit to bear & raise healthy children Men expected to be brave in battle, to win or be killed

15. Spartan Government: Oligarchy Two kings who led the Spartan army Five men known as ephors were responsible for the youths’ education and the citizens’ conduct. A council of two kings and 28 men over 60 years of age decided on the issues the assembly would vote on. The assembly did not debate, but only voted.

16. DISCUSSION ? Sparta kept its strict discipline in part by closing itself off from outside influences and new ideas. Why was doing so important to maintaining their authoritarian society?

17. Possible Answer: Being open to new and foreign ideas and influences could be a basis for criticizing society and the government.

18. Athenian Democracy

19. ATHENS Pericles giving his famous Funeral Oration

20. Athenian revolt ends the tyranny in 510 B.C. The Athenians appointed the reformer: Cleisthenes (KLYS-thuh-neez) leader in 508 B.C.

21. Athens: Birthplace of Democracy

22. Cleisthenes (KLYS-thuh-neez) He created a new council of 500 proposed laws and supervised treasury and foreign affairs. “ Father of Democracy”

23. Assembly had final authority to pass laws after free & open debate Reforms of Cleisthenes created the foundation for Athenian democracy

24. Age Of Pericles Peak of Athenian Culture Athens becomes the center of Greek society

25. Role of Athenian Women Could take part in most religious festivals, but otherwise excluded from public life Could not own property Always accompanied by a male guardian Chief obligation to bear male children Supervised the slaves that did housework Married at 14 or 15 No formal education

26. Wars & Strife in Greece Persian Wars – Greece defeats Persia The world becomes spilt between Athens and Sparta Peloponnesian War – lasted about 25 years It splintered and weakened the Greeks as a whole. Macedonia to the north would take advantage of this