The document provides information on various space stations throughout history, including Salyut, Almaz, Skylab, Mir, the International Space Station, Tiangong, and key details about their purpose, design, and missions. It describes the first space station Salyut 1 launched by the Soviet Union in 1971 and discusses its compartments and structure. It also summarizes details about the architecture and subsystems required for space stations.
Prezentare in limba engleza realizata de elevii cls. IXG: Seican Luciana, Lancranjan Giorgiana, Vlad Alina
Prezentare multimedia realizata in cadrul Concursului Stiintific National de Astronomie- editia 2015 "Nicolaus Copernic"
Colegiul National "Horea, Closca si Crisan " Alba Iulia, Jud. Alba
Prezentare in limba engleza realizata de elevii cls. IXG: Seican Luciana, Lancranjan Giorgiana, Vlad Alina
Prezentare multimedia realizata in cadrul Concursului Stiintific National de Astronomie- editia 2015 "Nicolaus Copernic"
Colegiul National "Horea, Closca si Crisan " Alba Iulia, Jud. Alba
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Astronomy Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 3000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 12 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 8 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow and meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and follow up questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation. Teaching Duration = 5+ weeks. Areas of Focus in the Astronomy Topics Unit: The Solar System and the Sun, Order of the Planets, Our Sun, Life Cycle of a Star, Size of Stars, Solar Eclipse, Lunar Eclipse, The Inner Planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Craters, Tides, Phases of the Moon, Mars and Moons, Rocketry, Asteroid Belt, NEOs, The Torino Scale, The Outer Planets and Gas Giants, Jupiter / Moons, Saturn / Moons, Uranus / Moons, Neptune / Moons, Pluto's Demotion, The Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud, Comets / Other, Beyond the Solar System, Types of Galaxies, Blackholes, Extrasolar Planets, The Big Bang, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, The Special Theory of Relativity, Hubble Space Telescope, Constellations, Spacetime and much more. If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
October 1957 - Baikonur Cosmodrome, USSR
3 … 2 … 1 …… Lift off of “Sputnik 1”, the first human made satellite to fly into space, that moment marked the beginning of the human space, we are all aware of the great achievements that followed this event, the first man to go into space, the first man on the moon, Voyager and the planets exploration, the human spaceflight, the space shuttle program and on and on, we grew up with these great achievements that make us proud to be humans … space is the ultimate limit, the gate where we stare to the deepest horizons of the universe, we all know that we are not alone in this universe, we all know that Earth has limited resources, and we all know there will come a day when we have to leave Earth and spread our genes in the universe .. the rockets on the launch pads today, are just like the ships in the Spanish harbors that carried Christopher Columbus and other adventurous people to the new world.
As entrepreneurs we look for the new big thing, and space is in the heart of the entrepreneurship desire, However there is a problem with the space industry: it is God damn expensive. It has been a long time in which space exploration and exploitation is restricted only to governments, the military, and big companies. The good news is: things are changing today with private companies and startups entering this new field. In this presentation, we will address this topic. We will look at the main features of this not well known industry from the perspective of a startup with low budget, and how to penetrate it. We will also look at the success stories of other startups in this field and what are the main applications that are suitable for a startup to focus on. So buckle on and come join me on this trip to discover the commercial space entrepreneurship, a trip “ to infinity and beyond …”
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Astronomy Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 3000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 12 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 8 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow and meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and follow up questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation. Teaching Duration = 5+ weeks. Areas of Focus in the Astronomy Topics Unit: The Solar System and the Sun, Order of the Planets, Our Sun, Life Cycle of a Star, Size of Stars, Solar Eclipse, Lunar Eclipse, The Inner Planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Craters, Tides, Phases of the Moon, Mars and Moons, Rocketry, Asteroid Belt, NEOs, The Torino Scale, The Outer Planets and Gas Giants, Jupiter / Moons, Saturn / Moons, Uranus / Moons, Neptune / Moons, Pluto's Demotion, The Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud, Comets / Other, Beyond the Solar System, Types of Galaxies, Blackholes, Extrasolar Planets, The Big Bang, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, The Special Theory of Relativity, Hubble Space Telescope, Constellations, Spacetime and much more. If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
October 1957 - Baikonur Cosmodrome, USSR
3 … 2 … 1 …… Lift off of “Sputnik 1”, the first human made satellite to fly into space, that moment marked the beginning of the human space, we are all aware of the great achievements that followed this event, the first man to go into space, the first man on the moon, Voyager and the planets exploration, the human spaceflight, the space shuttle program and on and on, we grew up with these great achievements that make us proud to be humans … space is the ultimate limit, the gate where we stare to the deepest horizons of the universe, we all know that we are not alone in this universe, we all know that Earth has limited resources, and we all know there will come a day when we have to leave Earth and spread our genes in the universe .. the rockets on the launch pads today, are just like the ships in the Spanish harbors that carried Christopher Columbus and other adventurous people to the new world.
As entrepreneurs we look for the new big thing, and space is in the heart of the entrepreneurship desire, However there is a problem with the space industry: it is God damn expensive. It has been a long time in which space exploration and exploitation is restricted only to governments, the military, and big companies. The good news is: things are changing today with private companies and startups entering this new field. In this presentation, we will address this topic. We will look at the main features of this not well known industry from the perspective of a startup with low budget, and how to penetrate it. We will also look at the success stories of other startups in this field and what are the main applications that are suitable for a startup to focus on. So buckle on and come join me on this trip to discover the commercial space entrepreneurship, a trip “ to infinity and beyond …”
A presentation on upcoming Solar Power Technologies as a viable means of efficiently harnessing solar energy. Part of Self Study Phase-I at RV College of Engineering, Bangalore.
Part 2 is here: http://www.slideshare.net/Jayanth-R/solar-power-satellites-part-2
Space-based solar power (SBSP) is the concept of collecting solar power in space (using an "SPS", that is, a "solar-power satellite" or a "satellite power system") for use on Earth.It has been in research since the early 1970s. SBSP would differ from current solar collection methods in that the means used to collect energy would reside on an orbiting satellite instead of on Earth's surface.
I want you to paraphrase the following Americas Space Shuttle.docxscuttsginette
I want you to paraphrase the following :
Americas Space Shuttle Program also known as Space Transportation System (STS) was started in 1981 and ended in 2011. The main task of this program was construction of International Space Station (ISS); carry supplies for ISS; and deployment, retrieval, and repair of satellites; and observe Low Earth Orbit (LEO). This was accomplished with the help of a space shuttle orbiter which can be launched into low orbit and be landed on ground after the completion of mission. The winged space shuttle generally carries two to eight astronauts and mission specific payload. After the completion of the mission the shuttle moves itself out of the orbit with the help of Orbital Maneuvering System and re-enter Earth’s atmosphere. During decent the shuttle functions as a re-entry vehicle and glider. All the space shuttles are landed either at Kennedy Space Center or Edwards Air Force Base.
> STS-135 was the final mission of the Space Shuttle Program to deliver payload to the ISS. It was launched on eighth of July form Kennedy Space Center and after finishing its fourteen days flight, it landed at Kennedy Space Center on twenty-first of July 2011. It used space shuttle “Atlantis” as spacecraft and four crew members were onboard. The crew consisted of Christopher Ferguson (Commander), Douglas Hurley (Pilot), Sandra Magnus (Mission Specialist 1) and Rex Walheim (Mission Specialist 2). The payload for this mission consisted of Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) and a Lightweight Multi-Purpose Carrier (LMC) which were needed to be delivered to ISS. It also carrier a miniaturized satellite called Picosatellite Solar Cell Testbet 2 (PSSC-2), which was launched in to the orbit from the cargo bay of shuttle on its thirteenth day of flight.
> MPLM is a large pressurized container used on space shuttle missions to transfer cargo to and from ISS. It is used for restocking ISS with supplies and equipment, and store finished experiment and wastes which are carried back to earth with the help of space shuttles. For STS-135 MPLM Raffaello was used and had the majority of the payload. This was fourth trip for Raffaello to ISS and twelfth use of MPLM. The previous MPLM missions delivered large compartments and devices to outfit the space station laboratories, while Raffaello’s mission was to deliver only bags and supply containers. The MPLM was filled with sixteen resupply racks, eight Resupply Stowage Platforms (RSPs), two Integrated Stowage Platforms (ISPs), sic Resupply Stowage Racks (RSRs) and one Zero-G Stowage Rack (ZSR). The MPLM was lifted out of Atlantis on fourth day of the flight. After completing cargo transfer on to ISS it was loaded with unneeded equipment and ISS waste. Also the problematic Common Cabin Air Assembly (CCAA) Heat Exchanger (HX) was stowed inside MPLM to return it to ground. On the 11 day of flight, the MPLM was secured in the cargo bay of Atlantis.
> LMC carried on STS-135 had a Robotic Refueling Missi.
Space Science for Mankind : India & Russia comparisionVishal Pandey
The space age started with the launch of first Russian satellite Sputnik 1 on 4 October 1957.Ever since,the rocket powered launch vehicles carried state of the art scientific equipment to explore moon , the sun , solar system and the cosmos. This resulted in designing and fabricating the instruments having more than 6000000 components with reliability greater than 99.9999%. In 1960s man landed on moon and in 1970s the planetary exploration continued the space march. The comet Halley, which orbits the sun in about 76 years was photographed from a distance of about 500 kms in the year 1986. The success of launch and recovery of Space Shuttle made the space just another location in 1980s. This opened a variety of new vistas of science and technologyThe space age started with the launch of first Russian satellite Sputnik 1 on 4 October 1957.Ever since,the rocket powered launch vehicles carried state of the art scientific equipment to explore moon , the sun , solar system and the cosmos. This resulted in designing and fabricating the instruments having more than 6000000 components with reliability greater than 99.9999%. In 1960s man landed on moon and in 1970s the planetary exploration continued the space march. The comet Halley, which orbits the sun in about 76 years was photographed from a distance of about 500 kms in the year 1986. The success of launch and recovery of Space Shuttle made the space just another location in 1980s. This opened a variety of new vistas of science and technology
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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2. SPACE STATION
Is a spacecraft capable of supporting a crew
which is designed to remain in space for an
extended period of time, and to which other
spacecraft can dock.
Are used to study the effects of long-term
space flight on the human body as well as to
provide platforms for greater number and
length of scientific studies than available on
other space vehicles.
A large artificial satellite designed to be
occupied for long periods and to serve as a
base (as for scientific observation).
3. SALYUT 1/SALUTE 1
It was the first space station of any
kind, launched by the Soviet Union
on April 19, 1971.
At launch, the announced purpose of
Salyut was to test the elements of
the systems of a space station and
to conduct scientific research and
experiments.
4. SALYUT 1/SALUTE 1
Structure:
20m in length,
4m in maximum diameter,
99m³ in interior space with an on-orbit
dry mass of 18,425 kg.
Of its several compartments, three
were pressurized and two could be
entered by the crew.
Buffer chemical batteries
Reserve supplies of oxygen and
water, and regeneration systems.
Externally mounted were two double
sets of solar cell panels that extended
like wings from the smaller
compartments at each end.
The heat regulation system's radiators
Orientation and control devices
Equipped with the Orion Space I
Observatory.
5. COMPARTMENTS
Transfer Compartment
It was equipped with the only docking port of Salyut 1,
which allowed one Soyuz 7K-OKS spacecraft to dock.
Main Compartment
The second, and main, compartment was about 4m in
diameter. Televised views showed enough space for
eight big chairs, several control panels, and 20
portholes.
6. AUXILIARY COMPARTMENTS
The third pressurized compartment contained the
control and communications equipment, the power
supply, the life support system, and other auxiliary
equipment.
The fourth, and final, unpressurized compartment
was about 2 m in diameter and contained the
engine installations and associated control
equipment.
7. SOYUZ 10
Soyuz 10 was launched 22 April 1971 with the plan
to dock to Salyut 1.
The spacecraft was the first of the upgraded Soyuz
7K-OKS, featuring the new "probe and drogue"
docking mechanism with internal crew transfer,
intended for visits of space stations.
9. SOYUZ 10
The cosmonauts were able to navigate their Soyuz
10 spacecraft to the Salyut 1 station, yet during
docking they ran into problems. While the Soyuz
crew was able to achieve "soft dock" with Salyut
though the "probe and drogue" docking
mechanism, it failed to achieve "hard dock" by
securing the docking collar – it was not possible for
the crew to enter the station safely.
10. SOYUZ 11
Soyuz 11 required 3 h 19 min on June 7 to complete
docking.
The crew transferred to Salyut and their mission was
announced as:
Checking the design, units, onboard systems, and
equipment of the orbital piloted station.
Testing the station's manual and autonomous
procedures for orientation and navigation, as well as
the control systems for maneuvering the space
complex in orbit.
Studying Earth's surface geology and geography,
meteorology, and snow and ice cover.
Studying physical characteristics, processes, and
phenomena in the atmosphere and outer space in
various regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Conducting medico-biological studies to determine
the feasibility of having cosmonauts in the station
perform various tasks, and studying the influence of
space flight on the human organism. Soyuz 11 crew:
Georgi Dobrovolski
Viktor Patsayev
Vladislav Volkov
12. ALMAZ STATIONS
Salyut 2 was a Soviet space station which was
launched in 1973 as part of the Salyut programme.
Salyut 2 was an Almaz military space station.
It was the first Almaz military space station to fly.
It was designated part of the Salyut programme in
order to conceal the existence of the two separate
space station programmes.
Within two weeks of launch the station had lost
attitude control and depressurised, leaving it
unusable.
It decayed from orbit by 28 May 1973, without any
crews having visited it.
13. SALYUT 2
Structure:
Salyut 2 was 14.55 meters (47.7 ft with a
diameter of 4.15 meters (13.6 ft)
an internal habitable volume of 90 cubic
meters (3,200 cu ft).
At launch it had a mass of 18,950
kilograms (41,800 lb).
A single aft-mounted docking port was
intended for use by Soyuz spacecraft
carrying cosmonauts to work aboard the
station.
Two solar arrays mounted at the aft end of
the station near the docking port provided
power to the station, generating a total of
3,120 watts of electricity.
The station was equipped with 32 attitude
control thrusters, as well as two RD-0225
engines, each capable of generating 3.9
kilonewtons (880 lbf) of thrust, for orbital
maneuvers.
14. SALYUT 3
Salyut 3 was a Soviet space station launched on
June 25, 1974.
It was the second Almaz military space station and
the first such station to be launched successfully.
It was included in the Salyut program to disguise its
true military nature.
Due to the military nature of the station, the Soviet
Union was reluctant to release information about its
design, and about the missions relating to the
station.
15. SALYUT 3
Description:
Earth-Observation Cameras
The work compartment was dominated
by the Agat-1 Earth-observation
telescope.
The telescope was used in conjunction
with a wide-film camera, and was used
primarily for military reconnaissance
purposes.
The cosmonauts are said to have
observed targets set out on the ground
at Baikonur.
Secondary objectives included study of
water pollution, agricultural land,
possible ore-bearing landforms, and
Description:
On-board Guns
The Salyut 3 station was equipped
with a"self-defence" gun, which
had been designed for use aboard
the station, and whose design is
attributed to Nudelman.
Due to potential shaking of the
station, in-orbit tests of the weapon
with cosmonauts in the station
were ruled out.
The gun was fixed to the station in
such a way that the only way to
aim would have been to change
the orientation of the entire station.
16. SALYUT 5
Salyut 5 also known as OPS-3, was a Soviet space station.
Launched in 1976 as part of the Salyut programme, it was the
third and last Almaz space station to be launched for the
Soviet military.
Two Soyuz missions visited the station, each manned by two
cosmonauts.
A third Soyuz mission attempted to visit the station, but failed
to dock, whilst a fourth mission was planned but never
launched.
The primary objective of the Soyuz 21 mission aboard Salyut
5 was to conduct military experiments, however scientific
research was also conducted, which included studying
aquarium fish in microgravity and observing the sun.
17. SALYUT 6
Was a Soviet orbital space station
Launched on 29 September 1977 by a Proton
rocket the station was the first of the 'second-
generation' type of space station
These crews were responsible for carrying out the
primary missions of Salyut 6, including astronomy,
Earth-resources observations and the study of the
effect of spaceflight on the human body.
19. SALYUT 7
Salyut 7 was the back-up vehicle for
Salyut 6 and very similar in equipment
and capabilities.
Aside from the many experiments and
observations made on Salyut 7, the
station also tested the docking and use
of large modules with an orbiting space
station.
The modules were called "Heavy
Kosmos modules" though in reality were
variants of the TKS spacecraft intended
for the cancelled Almaz military space
station. They helped engineers develop
technology necessary to build Mir.
There were also four visiting missions,
crews which came to bring supplies and
make shorter duration visits with the
resident crews.
Salyut 7 photographed following the
undocking of Soyuz T-13, 25 September
20. SKYLAB
Skylab was a space station launched and operated by
NASA and was the U.S.'s first space station.
Skylab included the Apollo Telescope Mount, which was
a multi-spectral solar observatory, Multiple Docking
Adapter (with two docking ports), Airlock Module with
EVA hatches, and the Orbital Workshop, the main
habitable volume. Electrical power came from solar
arrays, as well as fuel cells in the docked Apollo CSM.
The rear of the station included a large waste tank,
propellant tanks for maneuvering jets, and a heat
radiator.
21. Skylab was also equipped with two docking ports,
like second-generation stations, but the extra port
was never utilized.
The presence of a second port on the new stations
allowed Progress supply vehicles to be docked to
the station, meaning that fresh supplies could be
brought to aid long-duration missions.
23. MIR (1986 – 1998)
A space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, at first
by the Soviet Union and then by Russia.
The first modular space station and had a greater mass than that of any
previous spacecraft, holding the record for the largest artificial satellite
orbiting the Earth until its deorbit on 21 March 2001
Served as a microgravity research laboratory in which crews conducted
experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology
and spacecraft systems in order to develop technologies required for the
permanent occupation of space.
The station was launched as part of the Soviet Union's manned
spaceflight programme effort to maintain a long-term research outpost in
space.
Was authorised in a decree made on 17 February 1976 to design an
improved model of the SalyutDOS-17K space stations.
24. MIR ON 9 FEBRUARY 1998 AS SEEN FROM
THE DEPARTING SPACE
SHUTTLE ENDEAVOUR DURING STS-89
26. INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS) 1998
TO PRESENT
The International Space Station (ISS) is a habitable
artificial satellite in low Earth orbit.
It follows the Salyut, Almaz, Skylab and Mir stations as
the ninth space station to be inhabited.
The ISS serves as a microgravity and space
environment research laboratory in which crew
members conduct experiments in biology, human
biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology and other
fields.
The station is suited for the testing of spacecraft
systems and equipment required for missions to the
Moon and Mars.
27. PURPOSE OF ISS
According to the original Memorandum of
Understanding between NASA and RSA, the
International Space Station was intended to be a
laboratory, observatory and factory in space.
It was also planned to provide transportation,
maintenance, and act as a staging base for
possible future missions to the Moon, Mars and
asteroids.
In the 2010 United States National Space Policy,
the ISS was given additional roles of serving
commercial, diplomatic and educational purposes.
29. TIANGONG
Tiāngōng; literally "Heavenly Palace"
Is a space station program of the People's Republic
of China, with the goal of creating a third generation
space station, comparable to Mir.
30. SPACE LABORATORY PHASE
Chinese efforts to develop LEO space station
capabilities will begin with a space laboratory
phase, with the launch of three Tiangong space
modules.
Tiangong 1 "target vehicle“
Tiangong 2 "space laboratory“
Tiangong 3 "space station"
31. TIANGONG 1 “TARGET VEHICLE"
The Chinese docking target consists of a propulsion
(resource) module and a pressurized module for
experiments, with a docking mechanism at either end.
The docking port of the experiment section supports
automated docking.
Its length is 10.5 metres (34 ft), diameter is 3.4 metres
(11 ft), with a mass of 8,000 kilograms (18,000 lb).
Launched on September 29, 2011, it is intended for
short stays of a crew of three.
32. TIANGONG 2 “SPACE LABORATORY"
The Chinese Space Lab will be launched in 2013.
Configuration is as follows:
Crew Size: 3, with 20 days of life support
resources.
Length: 14.4 metres (47 ft)
Maximum Diameter: 4.2 metres (14 ft)
Mass: 20,000 kilograms (44,000 lb)
Two docking ports
33. TIANGONG 3 “SPACE STATION"
As of March 2011, the Chinese Space Lab is
planned to be launched in the 2015 timeframe.
40 days of living conditions for three astronauts.
Evaluate regenerative life-support technology, and
verify orbital replenishment of propellant and air.
34. ARCHITECTURE
A space station is a complex system
with many interrelated subsystems:
Structure
Electrical power
Thermal control
Attitude determination and control
Orbital navigation and propulsion
Automation and robotics
Computing and communications
Environmental and life support
Crew facilities
Crew and cargo transportation
35. LIST OF SPACE STATIONS
The Soviet space stations came in two types, the civilian Durable Orbital Station (DOS), and the
military Almaz stations. (dates refer to periods when stations were inhabited by crews)
Salyut space stations (USSR, 1971–1986)
Salyut 1 (1971, 1 crew and 1 failed docking)
DOS-2 (1972, launch failure)
Salyut 2/Almaz (1973, failed shortly after launch)
Cosmos 557 (1973, re-entered eleven days after launch)
Salyut 3/Almaz (1974, 1 crew and 1 failed docking)
Salyut 4 (1975, 2 crews and 1 planned crew failed to achieve orbit)
Salyut 5/Almaz (1976–1977, 2 crews and 1 failed docking)
Salyut 6 (1977–1981, 16 crews (5 long duration, 11 short duration and 1 failed docking)
Salyut 7 (1982–1986, 10 crews (6 long duration, 4 short duration and 1 failed docking)
Skylab (USA, 1973–1979, 3 crews)
Mir / (USSR/Russia, 1986–2000, 28 long duration crews)
International Space Station (ISS) //// (Russia, United States, European Space Agency, Japan,
and Canada 2000–ongoing, 30 long duration crews as of April 2012)
Tiangong (China, 2011–ongoing)
Tiangong 1 (2011–ongoing, 1 crew as of June 2012)