The document summarizes scientific concepts related to cosmology and astronomy found in both the Big Bang theory and the Quran. It discusses the Big Bang theory that the universe originated from a single hot dense point and has been expanding ever since. It also describes the expanding universe discovered by Hubble through observing redshifts in galaxy light. Kepler's laws of planetary motion showing elliptical orbits are mentioned alongside Quranic verses referring to orbits of the sun, moon and night/day cycles. The moon's reflection of sunlight is discussed along with relevant Quranic verses.

1. Made by Erum Ali Akbar

2. CONTENT:
• Big Bang Theory
• The Expanding Universe
• Concept Of Orbits & Day and Night
• Reflection of moon

3. BIG BANG THEORY:
BIG BANG THEORY:

4. • The Big Bang theory states that around 12-15 billion years ago
the universe came into existence from one single extremely
hot and dense point, and that something triggered the
explosion of this point that brought about the beginning of the
universe.
• The universe, since then, has been expanding from this single
point.

5. The Quran also mentions:
“Have those who disbelieved not considered that the
heavens and the earth were a joined entity, then We
separated them, and made from water every living
thing? Then will they not believe?” (Quran 21:30)

6. The Quran also mentions:
“Have those who disbelieved not considered that the
heavens and the earth were a joined entity, then We
separated them, and made from water every living thing?
Then will they not believe?” (Quran 21:30)

7. THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE
With the Hooker Telescope, Hubble discovered that the galaxies were moving away us. Above are
photos of known galaxies. (Courtesy: NASA)
 Confirmation of the expanding-universe
theory finally came in 1929 in the hands of the
well known American astronomer Edwin
Hubble.
 By observing redshifts[2] in the light
wavelengths emitted by galaxies,
 Hubble found that galaxies were not fixed in
their position; instead, they were actually
moving away from us with speeds
proportional to their distance from earth
(Hubble's Law).

8. In Quran, it is mentioned:
“And the heaven We created with might, and
indeed We are (its) expander.” (Quran 51:47)

9. CONCEPT OF ORBITS AND DAY AND NIGHT:
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion:
Kepler's three laws describe how
planetary bodies orbit about the Sun.
They describe how
(1) planets move in elliptical orbits
with the Sun as a focus,
(2) a planet covers the same area of
space in the same amount of time no
matter where it is in its orbit, and
(3) a planet’s orbital period is
proportional to the size of its orbit (its
semi-major axis).

10. “(Allah is the) One who created the night , and the day, and
the sun and the moon, swim along, each in its (own) orbit.”
(21:33)
“It is not permitted to the sun to overtake the moon, nor
can the night outsrip the day, each swims along in its (own)
orbit.” (36:40)
“The sun runs on its fixed course for a term (appointed);
that is the decree of the All-Mighty, the All-Knowing.”
(Yaseen 36:38)

11. REFLECTION OF THE MOON:
• The moon shines because its
surface reflects light from the
sun.
• And despite the fact that it
sometimes seems to shine very
brightly, the moon reflects only
between 3 and 12 percent of
the sunlight that hits it.

12. Sura 71:15-16, states:
See ye not how Allah has created the seven heavens one above another,
and made the moon a light (noor) in their midst,
and made the sun as a lamp (siraaj)?
Sura Al-Furqan 25:61 which says,
Blessed is He Who made constellations in the skies,
And placed therein a lamp (siraaj)
And a moon which has reflected light.