This document discusses indigenous research methods in Filipino psychology. It presents 5 guiding principles for indigenous methods, which emphasize interaction and equal relationships between researchers and respondents. The document also describes several Filipino field methods, including pakapa-kapa (groping/searching to obtain order from unsystematized data), pakikipagkuwentuhan (story sharing sessions), and pakikipanulayan (residing in the research setting). Overall, the document advocates for research approaches in Filipino psychology that are collective, validate social realities, and prioritize respondents over data collection.

1. Sikolohiyang
PILIPINO

2. is a wholly
WESTERN
PERSPECTIVE

3. WESTERN
PSYCHOLOGY
HAS ITS LIMITATIONS!
not always applicable/appropriate
different processes & connections
possibly artificial & distant

4. APPROACHresearch
guide or outline to carry out
METHOD
different ways of gathering data

5. GUIDING
PRINCIPLES FOR
INDIGENOUS
METHODS

6. 1
The quality of data depends on the
degree of the interaction between
researcher and respondent.
2
The relationship between researcher
and respondent should be seen as
equal.

7. 3 The respondent comes first before the
data does.
4 Methods to be chosen depend on
how appropriate it is to the situation.
5 Use the respondent’s language.

8. pakapa-kapa

9. ANO BA ‘TO?
- also means groping (field method)
-searching, probing into an
unsystematized mass of social and
cultural data to be able to obtain
order, meaning, and directions for
research

10. METODO
exploration into cultural, social or psychological
data without the chains of overriding theoretical
framework borrowed from observations outside
the focus of investigation
can be related to unobtrusive techniques
because the actual procedures for collecting
information may range from observation,
documentation, intervention, participation

11. pakikipag.
kuwentuhan

12. ANO BA ‘TO?
is an occasion for exchange of information,
ideas, insights, and opinions also it is a
sharing of beliefs, thoughts, and experiences.
an informal, free, as well as a social process
of exchanging information, thoughts, and
knowledge that is part of human daily
activities.

13. Oral (pasalita)
Written (pasulat)
Transmitted
(pasalin-salin)
metodo through time
Request (paki –
paghingi ng
pahintulot)

14. PROCEDURES
-initially make visits (padalaw-dalaw)
before living-in the community
(panunuluyan)
-introduce yourself to the community
-invite yourself to community gatherings
-initiate a conversation when in a natural
cluster
-invest time in story sharing sessions

15. PRINCIPLES
-may pakikipagkapwa sa kwentuhan
-may ‘paki’ ang kalahok sa kwento
-may pakinabang sa kwentuhan
--libangan
--linangan ng kaalaman
--lunas sa karamdaman

16. PRINCIPLES
-collective orientation
(pananaliksik na sama-sama)
-contains the process of validation
(pagpapatotoo)
-construction of social reality (pagbubuo)
-cluster as unit of analysis
(pagsali sa likas na umpukan)
-with a topic to talk about but without a theme
-worth or value of story produced from the kwentuhan
session

17. PRINCIPLES
VALIDITY
trustworthiness not truth
(mapagkakatiwalaan kaysa makatotohanan)
RELIABILITY
certification not consistency
(process of pakikipagkwentuhan-indicator)
(pagpapatotoo, pagpapatibay)

18. PAGPAPALAYANG
LOOB AT
PAGDADALAW

19. ANO BA ‘TO?
uri ng relasyon ng
mananaliksik sa
respondente

20. PAGPAPALAYANG-LOOB
• Nagpapahiwatig na ang isang tao
ay panatag sa kalooban ng kanyang
kapwa
•Wala ng pagkahiya
•Buo na ang pagtitiwala sa isa’t isa

21. PAGDADALAW
• Pagpunta at pakikipag-usap ng
isang tao sa kanyang kapwa
• Hindi lahat nasasabi sa isang pag-
uusap

22. PAKIKISAMA

23. Ibang Tao Category (Outsider)
-V. Enriquez’ scale of relationship
1. Pakikitungo -civility with
2. Pakikisalamuha -interaction with
3. Pakikilahok -participation with
4. Pakikibagay -in accord with/level of conforming
5. Pakikisama - being along with/level
of adjusting

24. PAKIKISAMA?
•originated as a Filipino value
•being united with the group

25. -frequenting the
participant
-inviting them outside
the bar/residence
CALL
-better than BOYS
participant Nery, 1979
observation
technique

26. PAKIKIPANULAYAN

27. PAKIKIPANULAYAN Nicdao-Henson, 1982
• residing in the research setting
• researcher lives, sleeps and
eats with the host
• a form of pagdalaw-dalaw

28. PAMAMARAAN NG PANANALIKSIK
1 PAKIKISALAMUHA & PAKIKISANGKOT
2 PAGMAMASID
3 PAGTATANUNG-TANONG
4 PAKIKIPANAYAM SA MGA
PILING TAGABATID

29. OUR REFERENCES
Amaryllis T. Torres in Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Teorya, metodo, at gamit.
Rogelia R. Pe-Pua (Ed.) (1989) UP Press.
Carmen E. Santiago (1975) in Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Teorya, metodo,
at gamit. Rogelia R. Pe-Pua (Ed.) (1989) UP Press.
Grace O. Oteza (1997). Pakikipagkwentuhan: Isang pamamaraan
ng sama-samang pananaliksik, pagpapatotoo, at pagtulong sa
Sikolohiyang Pilipino. PPRTH Occasional Papers Series 1997, No.
1.

30. thank you.