Sources of finance
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This document discusses various sources of finance for companies, including debt instruments like term loans and debentures, equity like ordinary shares, and hybrid instruments such as preference shares, warrants, convertible securities, and American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and Global Depository Receipts (GDRs). Term loans are repaid over a set time period, debentures are unsecured debt, and ordinary shares represent equity ownership. Preference shares entitle holders to fixed dividends before ordinary shares, while warrants, convertible securities, and ADRs/GDRs are hybrid financial instruments.
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Hybrid Financing
Hybrid financing combines characteristics of both equity and debt. There are several types of hybrid financing including preference shares, convertible debentures, and warrants. Preference shares carry a fixed dividend and may be convertible or redeemable. Convertible debentures function as a debt instrument but can be converted into equity shares. Warrants provide the right to purchase shares at a fixed price over a set time period and are often issued with debentures.
8 hybrid financing
This document discusses hybrid financing through preferred stock. Preferred stock is a type of stock that promises a fixed dividend but payment is at the discretion of the board. It has preference over common stock for dividend payments and claims on assets up to par value. Key features of preferred stock include cumulative dividends that must be paid before common dividends, participating dividends that increase with common dividends, and potential voting rights in special situations. Advantages are that missed preferred dividends do not cause bankruptcy as with bonds, it avoids dilution of common equity, and repayment is spread over long periods. Disadvantages are preferred dividends are not tax deductible, so cost is higher than debt, and their use increases financial risk and cost of
Bonds, preferred stocks and common stocks
The document discusses various types of bonds, preferred stocks, and common stocks. It begins by defining basic bond terms like principal amount, coupon rate, maturity date, and bond ratings. It then describes different types of bonds such as secured bonds (mortgage, equipment trust), unsecured bonds (debentures, subordinated), and bonds classified by coupon payments (zero coupon, fixed-rate, floating-rate) or issuer (government, municipal, corporate). The document also discusses bond retirement methods like sinking funds, serial bonds, and call provisions.
Debentures and term loan
This document provides information on bonds, debentures, and term loans. It defines debentures as a type of debt instrument not backed by physical assets but by the general creditworthiness of the issuer. It outlines the key differences between bonds and debentures. The document discusses the features, types, issuance process, advantages/disadvantages for investors and issuers, and credit ratings of debentures. It defines term loans as debts provided at interest for a set period of time and repaid in regular installments. The purpose, types, features, advantages/disadvantages for companies, and process of term loans are explained.
Warrants (1)
Warrants give holders the right to purchase shares of common stock from a company at a fixed price for a specified period of time. They are often issued with bonds. There are different types of warrants including those attached to common stock or bonds, debt warrants, and put warrants. Convertible bonds can be exchanged for a fixed number of shares and have characteristics of both debt and equity securities. Call options give the right to purchase shares at a specified price within a set time, while warrants are issued by companies to raise capital.
Bonds and Debentures
Bonds are a type of debt security where the issuer owes the bond holders interest payments and repayment of principal at maturity, with interest typically paid at fixed intervals. Bond holders are creditors who provide funds to the issuer in exchange for these payments. The major types of bonds include government bonds, corporate bonds, high yield bonds, zero coupon bonds, and convertible bonds.
Long Term Debt Instrument
Long-term debt consists of loans and financial obligations lasting over one year. Long-term debt for a company would include any financing or leasing obligations that are to come due in a greater than 12-month period. Long-term debt also applies to governments
Capital market instruments
Need of new Financial Instruments, New Financial Instruments, Global Depository Receipts (GDRs), Advantages, ADR, Zero Coupon Debenture, Deep Discount Bonds, Infrastructure bonds, Floating rate bonds, Municipal bonds, Regular income bonds, Retirement bonds, Growth bonds etc.
नए वित्तीय साधनों, नए वित्तीय साधनों, वैश्विक डिपॉजिटरी प्राप्तियों (जीडीआर), लाभ, एडीआर, जीरो कूपन डिबेंचर, डीप डिस्काउंट बांड, इन्फ्रास्ट्रक्चर बॉन्ड, फ्लोटिंग रेट बॉन्ड, म्यूनिसिपल बॉन्ड, रेगुलर इनकम बॉन्ड, रिटायरमेंट बॉन्ड, ग्रोथ बॉन्ड आदि की जरूरत है।
Part-1 link: https://youtu.be/BnhujbYLwO4
Make sure to like and share the video. Your support and love is very important to me.
Follow me on slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/GitanjaliJindal
Disclaimer- Some contents are used for educational purpose under fair use. Copyrights Disclaimer under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for: fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. All credit for copyright material used in video goes to respected owner.
Recommended
Hybrid Financing
Hybrid financing combines characteristics of both equity and debt. There are several types of hybrid financing including preference shares, convertible debentures, and warrants. Preference shares carry a fixed dividend and may be convertible or redeemable. Convertible debentures function as a debt instrument but can be converted into equity shares. Warrants provide the right to purchase shares at a fixed price over a set time period and are often issued with debentures.
8 hybrid financing
This document discusses hybrid financing through preferred stock. Preferred stock is a type of stock that promises a fixed dividend but payment is at the discretion of the board. It has preference over common stock for dividend payments and claims on assets up to par value. Key features of preferred stock include cumulative dividends that must be paid before common dividends, participating dividends that increase with common dividends, and potential voting rights in special situations. Advantages are that missed preferred dividends do not cause bankruptcy as with bonds, it avoids dilution of common equity, and repayment is spread over long periods. Disadvantages are preferred dividends are not tax deductible, so cost is higher than debt, and their use increases financial risk and cost of
Bonds, preferred stocks and common stocks
The document discusses various types of bonds, preferred stocks, and common stocks. It begins by defining basic bond terms like principal amount, coupon rate, maturity date, and bond ratings. It then describes different types of bonds such as secured bonds (mortgage, equipment trust), unsecured bonds (debentures, subordinated), and bonds classified by coupon payments (zero coupon, fixed-rate, floating-rate) or issuer (government, municipal, corporate). The document also discusses bond retirement methods like sinking funds, serial bonds, and call provisions.
Debentures and term loan
This document provides information on bonds, debentures, and term loans. It defines debentures as a type of debt instrument not backed by physical assets but by the general creditworthiness of the issuer. It outlines the key differences between bonds and debentures. The document discusses the features, types, issuance process, advantages/disadvantages for investors and issuers, and credit ratings of debentures. It defines term loans as debts provided at interest for a set period of time and repaid in regular installments. The purpose, types, features, advantages/disadvantages for companies, and process of term loans are explained.
Warrants (1)
Warrants give holders the right to purchase shares of common stock from a company at a fixed price for a specified period of time. They are often issued with bonds. There are different types of warrants including those attached to common stock or bonds, debt warrants, and put warrants. Convertible bonds can be exchanged for a fixed number of shares and have characteristics of both debt and equity securities. Call options give the right to purchase shares at a specified price within a set time, while warrants are issued by companies to raise capital.
Bonds and Debentures
Bonds are a type of debt security where the issuer owes the bond holders interest payments and repayment of principal at maturity, with interest typically paid at fixed intervals. Bond holders are creditors who provide funds to the issuer in exchange for these payments. The major types of bonds include government bonds, corporate bonds, high yield bonds, zero coupon bonds, and convertible bonds.
Long Term Debt Instrument
Long-term debt consists of loans and financial obligations lasting over one year. Long-term debt for a company would include any financing or leasing obligations that are to come due in a greater than 12-month period. Long-term debt also applies to governments
Capital market instruments
Need of new Financial Instruments, New Financial Instruments, Global Depository Receipts (GDRs), Advantages, ADR, Zero Coupon Debenture, Deep Discount Bonds, Infrastructure bonds, Floating rate bonds, Municipal bonds, Regular income bonds, Retirement bonds, Growth bonds etc.
नए वित्तीय साधनों, नए वित्तीय साधनों, वैश्विक डिपॉजिटरी प्राप्तियों (जीडीआर), लाभ, एडीआर, जीरो कूपन डिबेंचर, डीप डिस्काउंट बांड, इन्फ्रास्ट्रक्चर बॉन्ड, फ्लोटिंग रेट बॉन्ड, म्यूनिसिपल बॉन्ड, रेगुलर इनकम बॉन्ड, रिटायरमेंट बॉन्ड, ग्रोथ बॉन्ड आदि की जरूरत है।
Part-1 link: https://youtu.be/BnhujbYLwO4
Make sure to like and share the video. Your support and love is very important to me.
Follow me on slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/GitanjaliJindal
Disclaimer- Some contents are used for educational purpose under fair use. Copyrights Disclaimer under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for: fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. All credit for copyright material used in video goes to respected owner.
Borrowed capital
Borrowed capital consists of funds raised through loans and credit from various sources such as debentures, bonds, and financial institutions. It creates obligations for the company to repay the principal and pay interest. Borrowed capital is temporary in nature compared to equity capital. Debentures are debt instruments used by companies to borrow money at fixed interest rates. Bonds are also debt instruments where an investor loans money to a corporate or government body. Financial institutions such as banks provide long-term loans to companies. Borrowed capital allows companies to raise funds for expansion while creating repayment obligations.
Sources of finance
There are three main sources of finance: 1) Security financing or external financing through ownership securities like equity shares and preference shares, and creditorship securities like debentures and bonds. 2) Internal financing through retained earnings and depreciation. 3) Loan financing, which includes short term loans from traders, banks, and commercial paper, as well as medium and long term loans from specialized financial institutions.
Bonds presantation
This document presents information on bonds. It begins with definitions of a bond, including that a bond is a long-term contract where a borrower agrees to pay interest and return the principal to holders on specific dates. The document then discusses characteristics of bonds such as par value, coupon interest rate, and maturity date. It also covers various types of bonds like zero coupon bonds, floating rate bonds, perpetual bonds, and others. In total, the document provides an overview of what bonds are and various bond types.
Debenture Market in India
A debenture is a medium to long-term debt instrument used by companies to borrow money. The debenture market in India involves companies issuing debentures that are purchased by investors. Key participants include companies issuing debentures and regulatory bodies like RBI and SEBI that oversee the government and corporate bond markets. There are different types of debentures like redeemable/irredeemable, convertible/non-convertible, and fixed/floating rate debentures. Debentures can be issued for cash, assets other than cash, or as collateral and can be issued at par, premium or discount. The debenture market provides an important source of financing for companies.
Debentures ppt
This document provides an overview of debentures, including:
- Debentures are long-term debt instruments similar to bonds that provide loan capital to a company.
- There are different types of debentures like non-convertible, partly convertible, and fully convertible debentures.
- Debentures can be secured, with company assets as collateral, or unsecured.
- Key features include the face value, interest rate, maturity date, and redemption value.
BONDS
This document discusses different types of bonds such as government bonds, corporate bonds, debentures, and mortgage bonds. It describes how bonds differ from stocks in that bonds are a form of debt, bondholders are paid interest before stockholders receive dividends, and bonds mature on a set date while stocks are a permanent investment. The document also outlines various ways bonds can be issued, classified, and retired, such as through sinking funds, serial issuance, or conversion to stock. Overall, the document provides an overview of the key characteristics and classifications of different bond types.
Introduction to Debentures
Debentures are a debt instrument which are issued by a Company. The main feature of debentures is that they are long-term securities yielding a fixed rate of interest against assets
Types of debt instruments
Bonds are loans issued by entities like governments and corporations to investors. There are several types of bonds:
Regular bonds have a fixed coupon and maturity date with no call or put options. Callable bonds allow the issuer to redeem the bond before maturity if interest rates decline. Puttable bonds give the investor the right to sell the bond back to the issuer before maturity if rates rise. Convertible bonds can be converted into equity in the borrowing firm. Perpetual bonds have no maturity date but may have a call option, while tier-2 bonds under Basel III standards have fixed coupons and maturity but a call option.
Attitude
A financial instrument represents an agreement between two parties that carries financial value. It can be used to raise capital, such as debt instruments like loans and bonds, or represent ownership, such as equity instruments like common stock. Financial instruments come in many forms to meet the different needs of investors and allocate risks, such as providing capital for businesses while allowing them to borrow or enjoy retained earnings. They allow for the exchange of currencies in foreign markets.
Are bonds and debentures a good investment options for a retail investor
Are bonds and debentures a good investment options for a retail investor compare and evaluate with other options as well
Financial Instruments & services
This document discusses various financial instruments and services. It defines different types of equity shares, preference shares, bonds, debentures, commercial paper and treasury bills. It also describes various fund-based financial services including working capital loans, term loans, venture capital, and non-fund based services such as merchant banking and credit ratings. Retail financing services for individuals include deposits, loans, insurance and mutual funds. Financial services for corporations include underwriting, portfolio management, mergers and acquisitions. The informal financial system consists of money lenders, community groups and local partnership firms.
Debentures Bonds and Term Loans
This document provides information about term loans. It defines term loans as monetary loans that are repaid in regular installments over a set period of time. It discusses the purposes of term loans including capital expenditure, new industrial undertakings, and acquisition of assets. It also outlines the procedures for term loans including application submission and processing, project appraisal, sanction letter, loan agreement execution, and disbursement. Different types of term loans like short, intermediate, and long term are described. Key features of term loans like interest payment schedules, security requirements, and covenants are summarized. Finally, an example repayment schedule for a term loan is shown.
Long term debt
So, Here is Some interested and important information about the long term debt which you must be knowing Before go for long term Debt.....
Debentures
This document defines debentures and outlines their key characteristics. It notes that debentures are debt instruments used by companies to borrow money at a fixed interest rate. Debentures can be secured or unsecured, registered or bearer, redeemable or irredeemable, and convertible or non-convertible. The document also discusses statutory provisions regarding debenture issuance, conditions for valid issuance, procedures for issuance, conversion to shares, and redemption.
Classes of bonds (Classification of Bonds as to type)
This document classifies bonds based on the type of security backing the bond. It discusses four main classes: 1) debentures which are backed by the general credit and assets of the issuing company; 2) mortgage bonds which are backed by a pledge of specific property as collateral; 3) bonds backed by both the original collateral and the general credit of another guaranteeing company; and 4) joint bonds backed by the combined earnings of allied companies that jointly own collateral property. Within mortgage bonds, it further distinguishes between types of real estate mortgages and chattel mortgages.
Mortgage backed securities
This document provides information about mortgage-backed securities and the securitization process. It defines key terms like mortgages, MBS, and special purpose vehicles. It describes the major players in securitization like borrowers, originators, trustees, servicers, issuers, investors, and rating agencies. It explains how MBS are issued through an SPV and the types of MBS like pass-through, stripped, and collateralized mortgage obligations. Finally, it outlines regulations and guidelines from the SECP and SBP for entities involved in securitization.
Financial assets ch02
This document discusses various types of financial assets and instruments. It begins by defining real assets as tangible items and financial assets as promises to distribute future cash flows. It then lists and describes various short-term and long-term debt instruments, as well as equity instruments like preferred and common stock. Derivatives, which derive their value from underlying assets, are also covered. The document considers factors in choosing different financial instruments from both issuer and investor perspectives.
Embedded options
An embedded option is a component of a financial bond or other security, and usually provides the bondholder or the issuer the right to take some action against the other party. There are several types of options that can be embedded into a bond. Some common types of bonds with embedded options include callable bond, puttable bond, convertible bond, extendible bond, exchangeable bond, and capped floating rate note.
Long term debt
This document discusses various forms of long term debt financing for companies. It describes capital markets which facilitate the trade of securities like stocks and bonds. Private placements involve direct selling of bonds to a small number of qualified institutional investors like banks and insurance companies. Commercial papers are short term unsecured notes issued by large companies and financial institutions with maturities of up to nine months. Corporate bonds are longer term debt instruments issued by corporations to raise funds. Medium term notes have maturities between 5-10 years and combine aspects of commercial papers and corporate bonds.
Roles for Financial Engineering In the Life Insurance Industry
Roles for Financial Engineering in the Life Insurance Industry
[1] Life insurance products are increasingly derivatives oriented and many of the same derivatives valuation techniques apply. [2] The hybrid products also create unique challenges and opportunities to financial engineers and derivative markets. [3] Quantitative research and stochastic model development are needed to address pricing of guarantees, hedging strategies, and dynamic policyholder behavior modeling.
Capital-Market-instruments
1. The document discusses various types of capital market instruments including secured premium notes, deep discount bonds, equity shares with detachable warrants, fully convertible debentures with interest, equipref shares, sweat equity shares, tracking stocks, disaster bonds, mortgage backed securities, and global depository receipts/American depository receipts.
2. It provides details on each type such as definitions, examples of companies that have issued certain instruments, and key features.
3. The purpose of the various instruments is to allow companies and governments to raise long-term funds from capital markets.
Sources of finance
Standard Chartered Bank and Mahindra Finance use different sources of long-term and short-term finance. Standard Chartered Bank relies more on equity capital (58%) and internal accruals like reserves and surplus (24%). It uses less debentures (20%) and term loans (8%). In contrast, Mahindra Finance has lower equity capital (42%) but higher use of debentures (33%) and both long-term and short-term term loans (13%). While Standard Chartered Bank has less dependence on outside sources, Mahindra Finance relies more on external financing through debentures and loans.
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Borrowed capital
Borrowed capital consists of funds raised through loans and credit from various sources such as debentures, bonds, and financial institutions. It creates obligations for the company to repay the principal and pay interest. Borrowed capital is temporary in nature compared to equity capital. Debentures are debt instruments used by companies to borrow money at fixed interest rates. Bonds are also debt instruments where an investor loans money to a corporate or government body. Financial institutions such as banks provide long-term loans to companies. Borrowed capital allows companies to raise funds for expansion while creating repayment obligations.
Sources of finance
There are three main sources of finance: 1) Security financing or external financing through ownership securities like equity shares and preference shares, and creditorship securities like debentures and bonds. 2) Internal financing through retained earnings and depreciation. 3) Loan financing, which includes short term loans from traders, banks, and commercial paper, as well as medium and long term loans from specialized financial institutions.
Bonds presantation
This document presents information on bonds. It begins with definitions of a bond, including that a bond is a long-term contract where a borrower agrees to pay interest and return the principal to holders on specific dates. The document then discusses characteristics of bonds such as par value, coupon interest rate, and maturity date. It also covers various types of bonds like zero coupon bonds, floating rate bonds, perpetual bonds, and others. In total, the document provides an overview of what bonds are and various bond types.
Debenture Market in India
A debenture is a medium to long-term debt instrument used by companies to borrow money. The debenture market in India involves companies issuing debentures that are purchased by investors. Key participants include companies issuing debentures and regulatory bodies like RBI and SEBI that oversee the government and corporate bond markets. There are different types of debentures like redeemable/irredeemable, convertible/non-convertible, and fixed/floating rate debentures. Debentures can be issued for cash, assets other than cash, or as collateral and can be issued at par, premium or discount. The debenture market provides an important source of financing for companies.
Debentures ppt
This document provides an overview of debentures, including:
- Debentures are long-term debt instruments similar to bonds that provide loan capital to a company.
- There are different types of debentures like non-convertible, partly convertible, and fully convertible debentures.
- Debentures can be secured, with company assets as collateral, or unsecured.
- Key features include the face value, interest rate, maturity date, and redemption value.
BONDS
This document discusses different types of bonds such as government bonds, corporate bonds, debentures, and mortgage bonds. It describes how bonds differ from stocks in that bonds are a form of debt, bondholders are paid interest before stockholders receive dividends, and bonds mature on a set date while stocks are a permanent investment. The document also outlines various ways bonds can be issued, classified, and retired, such as through sinking funds, serial issuance, or conversion to stock. Overall, the document provides an overview of the key characteristics and classifications of different bond types.
Introduction to Debentures
Debentures are a debt instrument which are issued by a Company. The main feature of debentures is that they are long-term securities yielding a fixed rate of interest against assets
Types of debt instruments
Bonds are loans issued by entities like governments and corporations to investors. There are several types of bonds:
Regular bonds have a fixed coupon and maturity date with no call or put options. Callable bonds allow the issuer to redeem the bond before maturity if interest rates decline. Puttable bonds give the investor the right to sell the bond back to the issuer before maturity if rates rise. Convertible bonds can be converted into equity in the borrowing firm. Perpetual bonds have no maturity date but may have a call option, while tier-2 bonds under Basel III standards have fixed coupons and maturity but a call option.
Attitude
A financial instrument represents an agreement between two parties that carries financial value. It can be used to raise capital, such as debt instruments like loans and bonds, or represent ownership, such as equity instruments like common stock. Financial instruments come in many forms to meet the different needs of investors and allocate risks, such as providing capital for businesses while allowing them to borrow or enjoy retained earnings. They allow for the exchange of currencies in foreign markets.
Are bonds and debentures a good investment options for a retail investor
Are bonds and debentures a good investment options for a retail investor compare and evaluate with other options as well
Financial Instruments & services
This document discusses various financial instruments and services. It defines different types of equity shares, preference shares, bonds, debentures, commercial paper and treasury bills. It also describes various fund-based financial services including working capital loans, term loans, venture capital, and non-fund based services such as merchant banking and credit ratings. Retail financing services for individuals include deposits, loans, insurance and mutual funds. Financial services for corporations include underwriting, portfolio management, mergers and acquisitions. The informal financial system consists of money lenders, community groups and local partnership firms.
Debentures Bonds and Term Loans
This document provides information about term loans. It defines term loans as monetary loans that are repaid in regular installments over a set period of time. It discusses the purposes of term loans including capital expenditure, new industrial undertakings, and acquisition of assets. It also outlines the procedures for term loans including application submission and processing, project appraisal, sanction letter, loan agreement execution, and disbursement. Different types of term loans like short, intermediate, and long term are described. Key features of term loans like interest payment schedules, security requirements, and covenants are summarized. Finally, an example repayment schedule for a term loan is shown.
Long term debt
So, Here is Some interested and important information about the long term debt which you must be knowing Before go for long term Debt.....
Debentures
This document defines debentures and outlines their key characteristics. It notes that debentures are debt instruments used by companies to borrow money at a fixed interest rate. Debentures can be secured or unsecured, registered or bearer, redeemable or irredeemable, and convertible or non-convertible. The document also discusses statutory provisions regarding debenture issuance, conditions for valid issuance, procedures for issuance, conversion to shares, and redemption.
Classes of bonds (Classification of Bonds as to type)
This document classifies bonds based on the type of security backing the bond. It discusses four main classes: 1) debentures which are backed by the general credit and assets of the issuing company; 2) mortgage bonds which are backed by a pledge of specific property as collateral; 3) bonds backed by both the original collateral and the general credit of another guaranteeing company; and 4) joint bonds backed by the combined earnings of allied companies that jointly own collateral property. Within mortgage bonds, it further distinguishes between types of real estate mortgages and chattel mortgages.
Mortgage backed securities
This document provides information about mortgage-backed securities and the securitization process. It defines key terms like mortgages, MBS, and special purpose vehicles. It describes the major players in securitization like borrowers, originators, trustees, servicers, issuers, investors, and rating agencies. It explains how MBS are issued through an SPV and the types of MBS like pass-through, stripped, and collateralized mortgage obligations. Finally, it outlines regulations and guidelines from the SECP and SBP for entities involved in securitization.
Financial assets ch02
This document discusses various types of financial assets and instruments. It begins by defining real assets as tangible items and financial assets as promises to distribute future cash flows. It then lists and describes various short-term and long-term debt instruments, as well as equity instruments like preferred and common stock. Derivatives, which derive their value from underlying assets, are also covered. The document considers factors in choosing different financial instruments from both issuer and investor perspectives.
Embedded options
An embedded option is a component of a financial bond or other security, and usually provides the bondholder or the issuer the right to take some action against the other party. There are several types of options that can be embedded into a bond. Some common types of bonds with embedded options include callable bond, puttable bond, convertible bond, extendible bond, exchangeable bond, and capped floating rate note.
Long term debt
This document discusses various forms of long term debt financing for companies. It describes capital markets which facilitate the trade of securities like stocks and bonds. Private placements involve direct selling of bonds to a small number of qualified institutional investors like banks and insurance companies. Commercial papers are short term unsecured notes issued by large companies and financial institutions with maturities of up to nine months. Corporate bonds are longer term debt instruments issued by corporations to raise funds. Medium term notes have maturities between 5-10 years and combine aspects of commercial papers and corporate bonds.
Roles for Financial Engineering In the Life Insurance Industry
Roles for Financial Engineering in the Life Insurance Industry
[1] Life insurance products are increasingly derivatives oriented and many of the same derivatives valuation techniques apply. [2] The hybrid products also create unique challenges and opportunities to financial engineers and derivative markets. [3] Quantitative research and stochastic model development are needed to address pricing of guarantees, hedging strategies, and dynamic policyholder behavior modeling.
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Are bonds and debentures a good investment options for a retail investor
Are bonds and debentures a good investment options for a retail investor
Classes of bonds (Classification of Bonds as to type)
Classes of bonds (Classification of Bonds as to type)
Roles for Financial Engineering In the Life Insurance Industry
Roles for Financial Engineering In the Life Insurance Industry
Similar to Sources of finance
Capital-Market-instruments
1. The document discusses various types of capital market instruments including secured premium notes, deep discount bonds, equity shares with detachable warrants, fully convertible debentures with interest, equipref shares, sweat equity shares, tracking stocks, disaster bonds, mortgage backed securities, and global depository receipts/American depository receipts.
2. It provides details on each type such as definitions, examples of companies that have issued certain instruments, and key features.
3. The purpose of the various instruments is to allow companies and governments to raise long-term funds from capital markets.
Sources of finance
Standard Chartered Bank and Mahindra Finance use different sources of long-term and short-term finance. Standard Chartered Bank relies more on equity capital (58%) and internal accruals like reserves and surplus (24%). It uses less debentures (20%) and term loans (8%). In contrast, Mahindra Finance has lower equity capital (42%) but higher use of debentures (33%) and both long-term and short-term term loans (13%). While Standard Chartered Bank has less dependence on outside sources, Mahindra Finance relies more on external financing through debentures and loans.
long term financing
The document discusses long-term financing, which refers to loans and financial obligations lasting over one year. Long-term debt for companies includes any financing or leasing obligations due in over 12 months. Characteristics of long-term debt include loan periods exceeding 12 months, being secured by collateral like property, relatively low fixed interest rates, and higher risk for companies with high debt-to-equity ratios. Common sources of long-term financing are share capital, retained earnings, debentures, term loans, and venture funding. The document also describes various long-term financing instruments like common stock, preferred stock, bonds, and debentures.
Short term finance
The document discusses various short-term sources of finance for meeting working capital requirements for a period of up to one year. These include public deposits, bank credit, trade credit, discounting of bills of exchange, loans from directors, advances from customers, money lenders, and government assistance. It provides details on each of these sources such as what they are, how they work, their advantages and disadvantages.
Investment avenues in India
This document discusses various investment avenues available in India. It outlines essential features of investments such as safety, liquidity, income, growth, legality and tax implications. Some key investment alternatives mentioned include bank deposits, post office schemes, company fixed deposits, public provident fund, equity shares, bonds, money market instruments, financial derivatives, mutual funds, life insurance and real estate. The document provides brief descriptions of these different investment types.
Sources of financing to Non Govt. Organizations
This document discusses sources of financing for non-government organizations. It outlines both short-term and long-term financing options including personal investment, friends and family, venture capital, business incubators, loans, bonds, and issuing stocks. Short-term options include accounts payable, lines of credit, commercial paper, and letters of credit. Long-term options include loans, secured and unsecured bonds, convertible bonds, and preferred and common stocks. Proper financing is important as it can increase firm value, utilize funds effectively, maximize returns, minimize costs, provide liquidity and flexibility, and maintain shareholder control.
John convery of west palm beach a financial professional
John Convery is an experienced financial professional in West Palm Beach, Florida. He was born in Point Pleasant, New Jersey and spent part of his childhood in Germany. He attended East Stroudsburg University and graduated in 1984 with a Bachelor of Arts. He then used his education to build a career for himself. He started working in finance and specialized in retirement planning. He established The Educated Wealth Center in 1985 and focused on helping his clients with all of their retirement preparation needs. He has thirty years of experience in the financial industry, and is a regular contributor to radio programs and news sites.
Investment Alternatives
hi all, i am shekhar, i uploaded a PPt on Investment Alternatives, so check out & if u wish to know more abt it . email me.
Overseas sources of finance of Indian corporate.
This document discusses various overseas sources of finance for Indian corporations, including equity (such as American Depository Receipts and Global Depository Receipts), debt (such as foreign exchange denominated bonds like Samurai bonds and Yankee bonds, as well as Indian rupee denominated Masala bonds), and foreign currency loans like External Commercial Borrowings. It provides details on each of these financing instruments, including their definitions, purposes, and advantages.
Long term sources of finance
A brief summary of long-term sources of finance that organizations can use to meet their capital requirements.
investment credit instrument-principle of money credit and banking .pptx
This document discusses different types of investment and commercial credit instruments. It describes bonds as instruments issued by corporations that represent debt and obligate the corporation to pay principal and interest to bondholders. Stocks represent ownership in a corporation and provide stockholders a portion of corporate assets and profits. Common stocks have voting rights while preferred stocks have priority for dividends and assets. Commercial credit instruments like promissory notes, checks, and bank drafts are used in business transactions to replace cash and allow payment between parties. A check is a written order from a depositor to a bank to pay a specified amount to a payee.
Sources of finance
The document discusses various sources of finance for companies. It categorizes sources as short term, medium term, and long term based on tenure. Short term sources include working capital finance from banks, trade credit, inter-corporate deposits, factoring, and commercial paper. Medium term sources include loans from banks and financial institutions, lease financing, hire purchase, external commercial borrowings, and bonds. Long term sources include shares, debentures, retained earnings, depository receipts, venture capital, and securitization. The document provides details on each type of financing source and their advantages and disadvantages.
Presentation 5- Difference between bonds vs FD vs Mutual Funds.pptx
This document compares corporate bonds, fixed deposits, and debt mutual funds. It explains that corporate bonds are debt securities issued by companies to investors that pay interest, fixed deposits allow guaranteed returns for idle money in bank accounts, and debt mutual funds pool investor money to purchase a variety of bonds. Key differences are that fixed deposits have guaranteed returns while bonds and funds have variable returns, bonds and funds offer ownership while deposits do not, and funds allow investing in many bonds while individual bonds represent loans to single companies. The document analyzes the differences in returns, losses, duration, and interest between these options.
Investment Fundamentals
Bonds are one of the three main generic asset classes.
Bonds are a long-term liability with a specified amount of interest and specified maturity date. Bonds are used by companies, municipalities, states and sovereign governments to raise money and finance a variety of projects and activities.
5.pdf
This document discusses stocks and bonds valuation. It provides information on different types of bonds including corporate bonds, government bonds, municipal bonds, and agency bonds. It describes various characteristics of bonds such as principal amount, coupon rate, maturity, and covenants. Different bond types are also outlined such as convertible bonds, debenture bonds, mortgage bonds, and zero-coupon bonds. Bond markets and the factors that influence bond prices are also summarized.
Investment Avenues in India
Investment Avenues in IndiaDepartment of Management Studies, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur
Welcome to the world of investment opportunities in India.
Explore a diverse range of investment avenues in one of the fastest-growing economies in the world.
Slide 2: Why Invest in India?
India's robust economic growth and stability.
Demographic advantage with a young and skilled workforce.
Favorable government policies to encourage foreign investment.
Access to a large and growing consumer market.
Slide 3: Traditional Investments
Description of traditional investment options:
Fixed Deposits (FDs)
Public Provident Fund (PPF)
National Savings Certificates (NSC)
Gold and Real Estate
Slide 4: Equities and Stock Market
Investing in Indian Stock Markets.
Benefits of stock investments.
Overview of major stock exchanges: BSE and NSE.
Slide 5: Mutual Funds
Explanation of mutual funds.
Types of mutual funds available in India (Equity, Debt, Hybrid).
How to invest in mutual funds.
Slide 6: Real Estate Investments
Real estate market in India.
Residential and commercial property investments.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs).
Slide 7: Fixed Income Securities
Government Bonds and Corporate Bonds.
Benefits of fixed income investments.
Risks and returns associated with bonds.
Slide 8: Gold Investments
India's love for gold.
Investment options in gold (Gold ETFs, Sovereign Gold Bonds).
Historical performance of gold as an asset class.
Slide 9: Startups and Venture Capital
India's thriving startup ecosystem.
Opportunities for venture capital investments.
Risks and rewards of investing in startups.
Slide 10: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
FDI policies and regulations in India.
Sectors open to foreign investment.
Steps to invest as a foreign entity.
Slide 11: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)
Collaborative investment opportunities with the government.
Infrastructure development, healthcare, and education projects.
Benefits and challenges of PPPs.
Slide 12: Systematic Investment Plan (SIP)
Understanding SIP as an investment strategy.
Benefits of regular investments.
How to start a SIP in India.
Slide 13: Investment Risks and Diversification
Importance of diversification in a portfolio.
Risks associated with various investment avenues.
Building a balanced and diversified investment portfolio.
Slide 14: Taxation and Investment
Tax implications on different investments.
Strategies to minimize tax liability.
Importance of tax planning in investment.
Slide 15: Conclusion
Recap of investment avenues in India.
Encouragement to explore and diversify investments.
Seek professional advice for personalized investment strategies.
Slide 16: Q&A
Open the floor for questions and discussions.
Slide 17: Contact Information
Provide contact details for further inquiries and consultations.
Slide 18: Thank You!debenturesppt-130313090725-phpapp01.pptx
This document provides an overview of debentures, including:
- Debentures are long-term debt instruments issued by companies as a means of raising capital, similar to bonds. They do not confer ownership in the company.
- There are various types of debentures like non-convertible, partly convertible, and fully convertible debentures.
- Key features of debentures include the face value, interest rate, maturity date, and redemption value. Companies use debentures as a way to borrow money long-term from investors.
Securities anaysis and valuation
The document discusses various innovations being used in designing equity and debt instruments in India. It describes several new types of equity instruments such as arbitrage funds, shares with differential voting rights, and Indian depository receipts. It also outlines innovations in debt instruments like zero coupon curves, inflation-linked bonds, and triple option convertible debentures. While financial innovations are transforming the capital markets, the Indian market still lacks depth compared to more developed economies. Further reforms are needed to develop new instruments and deepen the markets.
Stock market glossary
This document provides definitions for over 50 terms related to stocks, the stock market, and financial analysis. Some key terms defined include American Depository Receipts, which allow foreign stocks to trade in the US market, arbitrage which is the practice of exploiting price differences in the same security trading on different exchanges, and cash flow which refers to a company's net income plus non-cash expenses like depreciation. Additional terms defined include preferred stock, price-earnings ratios, technical analysis, warrants, and puts and calls which are options contracts.
Chapter 7 Sukuk and Securitisation
This document discusses Islamic investment concepts related to securitization and sukuk. It begins by defining securitization as issuing certificates of ownership against an asset or investment pool. It then discusses various types of conventional bonds and introduces the concept of sukuk, which are defined as Sharia-compliant certificates representing ownership in an underlying asset. The document outlines various Shariah-compliant structures for sukuk based on contracts like ijarah, murabahah, and musharakah. It also compares key differences between conventional bonds and sukuk. Overall, the document provides an overview of securitization and various Islamic finance instruments like sukuk from a Shariah perspective.
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
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4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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Sources of finance
- 1. FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SOURCES OF FINANCE Prepared by: AAyush Baid (BBA IB Evng.)
- 3. DEBT : TERM LOANS A term loan is a monetary loan that is repaid in regular payments over a set period of time. Term loans usually last between one and ten years, but may last as long as 30 years in some cases. A term loan usually involves an unfixed interest rate that will add additional balance to be repaid.
- 4. DEBT: DEBENTURES A debenture is a type of debt instrument that is not secured by physical assets or collateral. Debentures are backed only by the general creditworthiness and reputation of the issuer. Both corporations and governments frequently issue this type of bond to secure capital.
- 5. EQUITY: ORDINARY SHARES An ordinary share represents equity ownership in a company and entitles the owner to a vote in matters put before shareholders in proportion to their percentage ownership in the company. Ordinary shareholders are entitled to receive dividends if any are available after dividends on preferred shares are paid.
- 6. HYBRID: PREFERENCE SHARES Preference shares, more commonly referred to as preferred stock. Preference share is a share which entitles the holder to a fixed dividend. Whose payment takes priority over that of ordinary share dividends.
- 7. HYBRID: WARRANTS A warrant is like an option. It gives the holder the right but not the obligation to buy an underlying security at a certain price, quantity and future time. Warrants are transferable, quoted certificates, and they tend to be more attractive for medium-term to long-term investment schemes.
- 8. HYBRID: CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES A convertible security is a security that can be converted into another security. Convertible securities may be convertible bonds or preferred stocks that pay regular interest and can be converted into shares of common stock (sometimes conditioned on the stock price appreciating to a predetermined level).
- 9. HYBRID: ADRs & GDRs ADR and GDR are commonly used by the Indian companies to raise funds from the foreign capital market. A global depository receipt (GDR), also known as International Depository Receipt (IDR), is a certificate issued by a depository bank, which purchases shares of foreign companies and deposits it on the account. They are the global equivalent of the original American depository receipts (ADR) on which they are based.