The document discusses various animal sources used for leather production. It describes over 20 sources including cow, calf, goat, sheep, pig, deer, bison, ostrich, kangaroo, alligator, snake, and seal. For each it provides details on the characteristics and properties of the leather as well as common uses. The document is authored by S. M. Murshidur Rahman from the Department of Leather Engineering at Khulna University of Engineering & Technology.
Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhide and skin, often cattle hide. It can be produced at manufacturing scales ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry.
People use leather to make various goods—including clothing (e.g., shoes, hats, jackets, skirts, trousers, and belts), bookbinding, leather wallpaper, and as a furniture covering. It is produced in a wide variety of types and styles, decorated by a wide range of techniques.
Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhide and skin, often cattle hide. It can be produced at manufacturing scales ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry.
People use leather to make various goods—including clothing (e.g., shoes, hats, jackets, skirts, trousers, and belts), bookbinding, leather wallpaper, and as a furniture covering. It is produced in a wide variety of types and styles, decorated by a wide range of techniques.
Presentation by Dr Marwa Atef , National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt . Presented at Cairo Textile Week 2021 , the leading textiles conference in Egypt
It gives you all about leather processing. Leather tanning is completely decribe in this slide. What is Leathe, its manufacturing process and all about leather tanning is decribe in this slide. It will help u a lot. It's process management. The Raw material we need in leather manufacturing process is used in it.
Presented by S. M. Murshidur Rahman student of Leather Engineering Department of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology(KUET),Khulna-9203, Bangladesh. Visit:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2B6ePUTufmASxL9lbf-0Zg
Textile Fibers are the basic structural units of Textile fabrics. Knowing the building blocks of textile fibers(polymers) is vital inoder to explain chemical and physical properties.
It is a by-product of fish, in which fish skin is used for making various leather objects. It is ecofriendly than other methods of making leather objects.
Presentation by Dr Marwa Atef , National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt . Presented at Cairo Textile Week 2021 , the leading textiles conference in Egypt
It gives you all about leather processing. Leather tanning is completely decribe in this slide. What is Leathe, its manufacturing process and all about leather tanning is decribe in this slide. It will help u a lot. It's process management. The Raw material we need in leather manufacturing process is used in it.
Presented by S. M. Murshidur Rahman student of Leather Engineering Department of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology(KUET),Khulna-9203, Bangladesh. Visit:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2B6ePUTufmASxL9lbf-0Zg
Textile Fibers are the basic structural units of Textile fabrics. Knowing the building blocks of textile fibers(polymers) is vital inoder to explain chemical and physical properties.
It is a by-product of fish, in which fish skin is used for making various leather objects. It is ecofriendly than other methods of making leather objects.
Black leather is a material made from the skin of animals, typically cattle. The process of making leather involves tanning, which involves treating the animal hide with various chemicals to make it durable and resistant to decay.
Presented by S. M. Murshidur Rahman student of Leather Engineering Department of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology(KUET), Khulna-9203, Bangladesh.visit: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2B6ePUTufmASxL9lbf-0Zg
This slide includes the processes of leather manufacturing from raw hides/skins to finished leather. #leathermakingprocess#leathermanufacturingprocess#leatherfinishingprocess#leatherfinishing#chrometanning#leatherdyeing#leatherfatliqouring#leatherlimming#unhairing#Fartannedleather
This slides describes how to process a raw hide and skin to convert or make leather. To see leather manufacturing process video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUu3EXORw0M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKWK5rDeJlA
For more video visit: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtkxsvTf9L6FT1fZvEtLxAnaVP0-eBwBq
https://www.youtube.com/c/MurshidurRahman
This presentation provides you basic information about Fire Detection and Alarm System (FDAS). It includes fire detection and alarm system devices, inspection, drawings and maintenance.
Presented by S. M. Murshidur Rahman student of Leather Engineering department of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh. Visit: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtkxsvTf9L6G2aZV2-HGCfcjPCplLeOqL
Presented by S. M. Murshidur Rahman student of Leather Engineering Department of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology(KUET), Khulna-9203, Bangladesh.visit: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2B6ePUTufmASxL9lbf-0Zg
Presented by S. M. Murshidur Rahman student of Leather Engineering Department of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology(KUET), Khulna-9203, Bangladesh. visit: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2B6ePUTufmASxL9lbf-0Zg
Uploaded by S. M. Murshidur Rahman student of Leather Engineering Department of Khulna University Aof Engineering & Technology(KUET), Khulna-9203, Bangladesh. To get Slide visit: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2B6ePUTufmASxL9lbf-0Zg
Presented by S. M. Murshidur Rahman student of Leather Engineering Department of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology(KUET), Khulna-9203, Bangladesh. To get the slide of this video visit: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2B6ePUTufmASxL9lbf-0Zg
Presented by S. M. Murshidur Rahman student of Leather Engineering department of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology(KUET), Khulna-9203, Bangladesh. Visit: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtkxsvTf9L6G2aZV2-HGCfcjPCplLeOqL
Presented by S. M. Murshidur Rahman student of Leather Engineering department of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology(KUET), Khulna-9203, Bangladesh. Visit: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtkxsvTf9L6G2aZV2-HGCfcjPCplLeOqL
Uploaded by S. M. Murshidur Rahman student of Leather Engineering Department of Khulna University of Enginneering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh.
Uploaded by S. M. Murshidur Rahman student of Leather Engineering Department of Khulna University of Enginnering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh.
Book PDF format. To get email: murshidurkhulnabd@gmail.com
Download Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DWpeV7trhoqTW8iyYu_5u2KbXBuifUVv/view?usp=sharing
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
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2. Source of leather
• Cow hide
• Goat Skins
• Sheep Skins
• Mule
• Pig Skins
• Deerskin
• Bison or Buffalo hide
• Ostrich leather
• Kangaroo leather
• Eel skin
• Crocodile
• Horse
• Snake skin
• Seal Skin
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
• Shark skin
• Lizard
• Walrus
• Shagreen
• Yak
• Whale etc.
3. Cow leather
Bovine or Cowhide leather is the most abundant and common leather source.
Cowhide offers maximum value for texture, appearance, durability, and comfort.
Cowhide is easy to care for, the least expensive due to its availability and is dirt
and water resistant. Cowhide is one of the heaviest leathers making it very tough
wearing and durable featuring a pebble grain appearance. Although it can be
somewhat stiff, cowhide breaks in easily. Cow leather is used for virtually every
leather product including outerwear, jackets, casual and biker style coats, gloves,
belts, saddles, bags, furniture, straps, shoes, boots, and upholstery.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
4. Cow leather
Calfskin is used to produce a high quality, attractive leather with a soft,
fine feel. Calfskin has a smooth surface, which is dense, lightweight,
and abrasion resistant. Calfskin takes on high luster with use and is used
in bookbinding, dresses, shoes, and straps.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
5. Cow leather
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
6. Goat Skins
They have an area of 4 to 8 sq. ft. with a coarse fibrous structure varying
between butt and belly. Substance is thick. Vegetable tanned goat skins are
used as linings.
Goat skin leather is an economical, strong and durable, with a smooth fine
grain. Goatskin is slightly softer and tougher than cow leather and is
lightweight, comfortable, supple, flexible, and water-resistant. Pigskin is used
to manufacture to gloves, casual shoes, coats, vests, bookbinding, wallets,
belts, and protective clothing. Kidskin is a very soft leather made from the
hide of a young goat.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
7. Goat skin
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
8. Sheep Skins
Sheep skins have loose fibrous structure, loose grain surface and light
substance with a soft feel. They have an area of 2 to 9 sq.ft and are suede
finished. The wool sheep skins can be sheared. Sheep skins are used for
linings.
Sheep skin leather is extremely soft, comfortable, and pliable. The finely
grained leather is thin and supple with a buttery texture. Sheep leather is
lightweight, warm and delicate and absorbs water well.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
9. Sheep skin
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
10. Pig Skins
Pig skin is the leather fabric made from a pig or a hog. Pig or hog skin
leather is a dense leather similar to cowhide with a soft and supple feel and
very good durability. Pigskin is very pliable, comfortable and water
resistant with a high lanolin content to keep the glove soft after getting
wet. Pigskin is used to manufacture work gloves, shoes, boots, sportswear,
handbags, saddle seats, belts and apparel such as, shirts, blazers, and
jackets. Despite their nickname, footballs are actually made of cowhide.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
11. Pig Skin
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
12. Deerskin
Deerskin is one of the toughest leathers available due to the thorny nature
of the animal’s natural habitats. Deerskin leather’s high tensile strength is
abrasion resistant and offers high durability. Deerskin is extremely soft and
comfortable with a spongy feel. It is lightweight, water-friendly, and
stretchy and fits well. Deerskin is more expensive and used to manufacture
gloves, shirts, dresses, hats, slippers, jackets, overcoats, sporting
equipment, handbags, wallets, and upholstery.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
14. Bison or Buffalo hide
Buffalo hide is a heavy duty and durable leather and very value priced.
This leather is rugged and strong, yet soft and supple with a rubber
waxy feel. Buffalo leather features thicker fibers which are more widely
spaced and evident hair follicles creating a pebbly appearance. Bison
leather is used to make furniture, shoes, belts, bookbinding, rugs,
gloves, jackets, and baseball gloves .
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
15. Buffalo leather
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
16. Ostrich leather
Ostrich leather is much rarer, but is one of the finest and most durable
leathers. Ostrich leather is luxurious, soft, supple, and thick featuring an
exotic goose bump appearance from the large feather quill follicles. Ostrich
leather is popular in luxury fashion and is used to make boots, footwear,
upholstery, accessories, clothing, luggage, purses, wallets, and briefcases.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
17. Ostrich leather
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
18. Eel skin
Eel skin is a very thin and elegant, which is not very strong. Eel skin
leather can be durable but requires maintenance if exposed to elements.
Eel skin is soft, shiny, and smooth with horizontal pin-stripe patterns.
This leather is actually produced from a slimy eel-like fish called the
inshore hagfish, which is caught in the wild. Eel skin becomes softer
and suppler with use and is used to make wallets and handbags.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
19. Eel leather
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
20. Crocodile and alligator skin
Crocodile and alligator skin renders a very attractive and fashionable
leather. The leather is strong, supple, durable and very expensive. A bony
layer within the skin adds a protective shield, while a dimple on each
scale makes a very exotic look. Crocodile and alligator leather is used to
make luxury goods, handbags, wallets, boots, belts, and briefcases.
21. Crocodile and alligator skin
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
22. Snakeskin
Snakeskin is typically produced from venomous sea snakes which are
commercially farmed. The leather is delicate, thin, soft and flexible,
while the fine small hexagon scales produce exotic detailed grains.
Snake skin leather is used to make boots, wallets, and handbags.
24. Kangaroo leather
Kangaroo leather is lightweight, strong and flexible with high abrasion
resistance compared to cowhide. Ostrich leather can be cut into very thin
layers which remain strong and create lighter weight garments. Ostrich
leather is made from free range wild animals and is popular in soccer
footwear, as well as, bullwhips and apparel.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
25. Kangaroo leather
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
26. Stingray or shagreen leather
Stingray or shagreen leather is very tough with a siliceous layer on the
surface, which makes it as durable as hard plastic. Stingray leather has a
beautiful appearance and wonderful feel, which is very strong. Stingray
leather scales even protect from fire damage. The leather is usually dyed
black and covered with tiny round bumps dyed white to highlight the
decoration. Stingray leather is used for clothing, furniture, wallets, belts,
purses, and briefcases.
27. Stingray or shagreen leather
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
28. Sealskin
Sealskin is the skin of a seal which has been hunted.
Seal skins have been used by aboriginal people for millennia to make waterproof jackets
and boots, and seal fur to make fur coats. Sailors used to have tobacco pouches made
from sealskin. Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia and Namibia all export sealskin. It
was traditionally used to make Scottish sporrans.
The indigenous Inuit people argue that banning seal products is detrimental to their way
of life. However, there are many objections to the use of seal skin, fur and pelts, and it is
illegal to hunt seals in many countries, particularly young seals. The value of global
sealskin exports in 2006 was over 16 million Canadian dollars.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
30. Mule skin
Mule skin has a higher density than steer which gives it a very distinct and
crisp sound profile. We have several different types of mule skin which
work perfectly for many different types of drums.
Mule skin has a very bright tone and sounds controlled and tight. Slaps are
amazingly crisp.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
31. Mule skin
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
32. Horse/Equine skin
Equine skin conditions are often difficult to diagnose and frustrating to treat,
with causes ranging from fungus to allergens to who-knows-what.
The skin is the largest organ of your horse’s body. It provides a protective
barrier against the environment, regulates temperature, and gives your horse its
sense of touch. Depending on the species and age, the skin may be 12 to 24%
of an animal’s body weight. The skin has 3 major layers: the epidermis or
outermost layer, the dermis or middle layer, and the subcutis or innermost layer.
Other important components include skin appendages (such as hair and
hooves), and subcutaneous muscles and fat.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
33. Horse/Equine skin
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
34. Lizard leather
Lizard leather scales are remarkably water proof, and provide excellent
protection from the elements. Pesky stains shan’t be nearly as much of a
threat to lizard skin as to other leathers, although this shouldn’t be your cue
to take it for granted. Those scales are rooted in place by a well lubricated
membrane beneath them, which they are charged with protecting. Should
that membrane dry up, the scales can pop off, which really doesn’t bode
well for the aesthetics. Try not to take lizard leather out under excessive
weather conditions, such as rain. If it does get wet, just blot up the moisture
with a dry, clean cloth or paper towel.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
35. Lizard leather
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
36. Walrus leather
Leather produced from any fur bearing swimming mammal such as the
Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus), Pacific walrus (Odobenus abesus),
sea lion (Zalophus caliifornianus) or seal (Callorhinus alascanus). All are
called walrus leather because, once processed, the skins are difficult to
distinguish. Walrus hides are thick, tough, and smooth. Due to the scarcity
of the animals at the end of the 20th century, most commercial walrus
leathers were imitations made from embossed and
grained sheepskins, goatskins, or cowhides.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
37. Walrus leather
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
38. Shark leather
Shark leather is world known for its rough, course texture. In the coarser
developments of shark skin, it has been used like sandpaper for polishing.
However, the finer tanned shark skins are used for shoes, handbags, and
other leather items. Highly sought after, these skins are by-products from
fishing villages and international cuisine.
All of our leather is coming from non-endangered and non-threatened
shark species and no CITES is required. Currently, we’re offering black fin
species in 1 to 4 oz thickness in a rough or soft-tanned presentation.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
39. Shark leather
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
40. Human leather
Human leather is made from real full thickness human skin. Just like
animal leather products, produced from lesser animals, our raw human
skin is transformed into the finest grade human leather by using a
traditional tanning process. However, human leather is the finest grain
leather that is obtainable. It is free from defects and has the smallest
grain size which makes it the smoothest, softest leather on Earth.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
41. S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
Human leather
42. Tilapia fish leather
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
43. Chicken leather
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
44. Some other animal sources used for leather include boar, elk, donkey,
ox, whale, and yak.
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
Whale Donkey
Other sources of leather
45. Ox Yak
Other sources of leather
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
46. Elk
Other sources of leather
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
Boar
47. To get more video on Footwear Design and Development visit and subscribe
YouTube Channel:
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or
https://www.facebook.com/FootwearDesignandDevelopment/
To get slide visit
https://www.slideshare.net
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
48. Presented by:
S. M. Murshidur Rahman
Department of Leather Engineering,
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna-9203, Bangladesh.
Email: murshidurkhulnabd@gmail.com
https://www.facebook.com/murshidur.rahman.5203
https://www.linkedin.com/in/murshidur-rahman-206850124
https://twitter.com/Murshidur6