1. The document discusses different types of abdominal pain or shoola according to Ayurveda. 2. Madhavakara describes 8 types of shoola according to dosha involvement (vata, pitta, kapha etc.) and Susruta describes additional types based on location of pain. 3. Causes, symptoms, and treatments are provided for each type of shoola. Prognosis also depends on number of doshas involved. 4. Shoola can be either a primary disease (swatantra) or secondary complication (upadrava) of another disease. Vata is often the predominant dosha causing shoola.

1. Presented by,
PRIYANKA PUSHKARAN,
2006 Batch.

2. Nirukti
vÉÔsÉÉÌlÉ sÉÉåMüÌlÉÌiÉ vÉÔsÉ: //
Shoola is formed by the combination of
vÉÔsÉ ÂeÉÉrÉÉqÉç (kÉÉiÉÑ )+ Mü(mÉëirÉrÉ)
Generally shoola refers to any type of pain like
karna soola, sirasoola, netra soola etc
Shoola can appear as roopa or upadrava of a
disease.
Shoola and roga both have same meaning ie,
pain giving.

3. Shoola is classified as swatantra shoola &paratantra
shoola
Paratantra shoola is considered as updrava of a
disease.
Swatantra soola is defined as a vyadhi itself.
Caraka and Vagbhata did not mention shoola as a
swatantra vyadhi

4. Susruta has explained shoola as “abdominal pain”
in his uttara tantra (ch.42).He has also explained
shoola as the upadrava of gulma in the same
chapter.
Madhava kara has explained about shoola in his
Madhava nidanam.
We will also get references of shoola in kasyapa
samhita khila stana ( ch 18 )

5. TYPES OF SHOOLA
Madhavakara has described 8 types of shoola roga
Vataja , pittaja, kaphaja,vatapittaja, vatakapha,
pittakapha, sannipathaja, amaja.
[ Later each of these were described as:
vatajaparinama soola, pitajaparinama soola; kaphaja
parinama soola; vatapittaja parinamasoola; vatakaphaja
parinama soola; pittaja kaphaja parinama soola ;
sannipathaja parinamasoola; annadrava soola.]
In all types, vata is the predominant causative factor.

6. Susruta has described Later he described 7
types of shoola i.e.
4 types of shoola
parsva shoola,
according to dosa kukshi shoola,
involved i.e. hrit shoola,
vataja, vasti shoola,
pittaja mootra shoola,
vit shoola,
Kaphaja
avipaka/anna dosaja
Sannipataja shoola
o Madavakara has described 8 types of shoola
o Susruta has explained another 11 types of shoola

7. VATAJA SOOLA
“Vyayama yana atimaidhuna…………”
(M.N.26/2-5)
Over indulgence in physical exercise, riding
,keeping awake at night, sexual inter course ,intake
of incompatible foods, suppression of urges of urine
semen and feces, grief ,starvation or fasting ,
excessive laughing and speaking etc, all will
increase vata in the body which produces shoola;
which is found in the region of heart, flanks, back,
waist and urinary bladder , get exacerbated during
or after the digestion of food, in the evenings,
during cloudy and cold weather -

8. pain increases or decreases of its own accord
frequently, of pricking or tearing in nature, there
is obstruction to the movement of feces and
flatus, pain gets reduced by use of hot
fomentation, oil massage, fatty and warm foods
and drinks.

9. PITTAJA SHOOLA
“ ksara ati tikshna ……….” (M.N.26.6)
• Over-indulgence of food which are alkaline, heat
producing, very hot, causing burning sensation during
digestion, oil cakes etc anger, exposure to fire, fatigue,
prolonged exposure to hot sun, sexual intercourse and irritating
food, make increase of pitta and in turn produce colic
• Thirst, delusion, burning sensation near the
umbilicus, perspiration, fainting, giddiness, localized burning
•-
sensation ;
•Pain exacerbates during midday or mid night, during digestion
of food and in any rainy weather ;gets reduced by cold comforts
and cold sweet foods and drinks.

10. KAPHAJA SHOOLA
“Aanupa varija kilata………………”(M.N.26.9-10)
Over indulgence in foods that are prepared out of flesh
of marshy animals and those living in water, milk and
milk products etc such other foods and habit that
increases kapha,produces kaphaja shoola.
Oppression in chest , cough, debility, anorexia,
salivation, pain near the stomach, fullness and loss of
movement in the abdomen ,heaviness of the head, pain
is severe soon after taking food, in the mornings at
sunrise, in sisira and vasanta ritus

11. In vata kaphaja shoola there will be pain in heart
and flanks
In kapha pittaja shoola there will be pain in
kukshi, hridaya and nabhi
In vata pittaja shoola there will be severe pain in
nabhi and vasti.

12. SANNIPATAJA SHOOLA
“Sarveshu dosheshu cha……”(M.N.26.11)
The colic produced by the combination of all the
three dosas together will have all the symptoms in
severe form, during all the times, powerful and hard
to treat like poison or fit to be refused treatment.

13. PROGNOSIS OF SHOOLA
“Ekadoshothida saadhyaha…….”(M.N.26.14)
• Shoola produced by the increase of any one of
the dosa is easily curable,
• That produced by the combination of any two
dosas is curable with difficulty,
• That produced by the combination of all the
three dosas, that which is very severe and
associated with many complications is
impossible to cure.

14. AMAJA SHOOLA
“Aatopa hrillasa …………”(M.N.26.12)
Gurgling in the intestine, oppression in the
chest, vomiting, feeling of heaviness, loss of
movement and distention of the abdomen,
salivation and shoola having the symptoms
similar to those of kaphaja type are also
found in Amaja shoola.

15. PARINAMA SHOOLA
•“Svanidhanir prakupito vayu…………” (M.N.26.16-17)
•The consumption of food items which have similar properties
to that of vata leads to its vitiation in its seat.
•It gets strengthened at the end of digestion
(pachyamanavastha) and causes aavarana of kapha & pitta;
leading to colic pain.
•Since this pain occurs at the end of digestion it is called
parinama shoola.

16. PARINAMA SHOOLA DUE TO VATA
Abdominal distension, gurgling noise in the intestine,
obstruction to the movement of feces and urine,
restlessness, severe suffering of pain gets reduced
by fatty and warm foods
PITTAJA PARINAMA SHOOLA
Thirst, burning sensation, restlessness, perspiration,
pain increases by use of pungent, sour and salty
foods ; but reduced by cold foods and comforts.

17. KAPHAJA PARINAMA SHOOLA
Vomiting , nausea, delusion, long continued mild pain
get reduced by pungent and bitter foods.
.
PROGNOSIS OF PARINAMA SHOOLA
•Appearance of symptoms of two or three dosas together
are seen in conditions of increase of two or three dosas
respectively.
•The tridosaja type associated with emaciation, loss of
strength and digestion is considered as impossible to
cure

18. ANNADRAVA SHOOLA
o Pain occurs at the time of digestion, after digestion
or before digestion
o Do not subside on keeping the stomach empty or
by taking food
o There will be continuous pain, & subsides on
vomiting
PARSVA SHOOLA
o By the over indulgence of incompatible foods, the
vitiated kapha places itself in kukshi & parsva and
blocks the vata.
o This vata will in turn produce abdominal distention
with sound& pricking pain in the flank region.

19. KUKSHI SHOOLA
o When the aggravated vata invades and vitiates the
digestive fire, then the ingested food stays there long
without digestion.
o The patient breaths with difficulty, eliminates ama
mala, suffers from pain often and does not find
comfort in either sitting, sleeping or standing.
o Kukshi shoola is caused by vata and ama.

20. HRITH SHOOLA
Vata getting obstructed by kapha and pitta present in
the chest, on combining with rasa present in the heart
,give rise to pain which causes obstruction to
breathing
This shoola is caused by rasa and vata
VASTI SHOOLA
Vata getting aggravated by suppression of urges (of
urine, faces and flatus ) and get placed in vasti give
rise to pain in the vasti, vamshana and nabhi; which
obstruct the elimination of faces, urine and flatus.
This shoola is caused by vata.

21. MOOTRA SHOOLA
o Aggravated vata getting localized in the
areas of umbilicus, groin, flanks, intestine
and penis, obstruct the elimination of urine
and produces pain
o Mootra shoola is caused by vata

22. VIT SHOOLA
o In the person who indulges dry foods, vata obstruct the feces
in the alimentary tract
o Cause weakness of the digestive power
o Gives rise to severe pain either in the right or left portion of the
abdomen; spreads to all other parts moving about accompanied
with noise ,
o increased thirst, giddiness, fainting appears.
o It does not subside even after elimination of feces or urine.
oThis shouldbe understood as vit shoola by the physician ,which
is dreadful.

23. ANNA DOSAJA SHOOLA.
The digestive fire become weak due to ingestion of
large quantity of food. This food staying long inside,
give rise to aggravation of vata and with the
undigested food produces severe pain accompanied
with fainting, flatulence ,heart burn, more purgation,
vomiting, shaking and unconsciousness.
Anna dosaja shoola is caused by improper digestion

24. UPDRAVA OF SHOOLA
Pain ,thirst, fainting, abdominal
distention, heaviness of body,
anorexia, cough etc are its
complications

25. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Madhava Nidhanam
Susruta Samhita
Text book of Kayachikitsa
Kasyapa Samhita
Caraka Samhita