Presentation about what is solar system and earth , how both these are formed and evloved through out the time

1. SOLAR SYSTEM
AND EARTH
GROUP NO.3

2. Contents
■ What is Solar System
■ Formation of Solar System
■ Composition of Solar System
■ Evolution of Solar System
■ What is Earth
■ Formation of Earth
■ Evolution of Earth

3. What is solar system
■ The accumulation of eight planets and their moons in circle round the sun, together with
littler bodies as space rocks, meteoroids, and comets.
■ Known planets: 8 (Mercury; Venus; Earth; Mars; Jupiter; Saturn; Uranus; Neptune)
■ Stars: 1 (Sun)

4. Formation of solar system
According to solar nebular theory
■ when a cloud of gas and dust in space was disturbed, maybe by the explosion of a
nearby star
■ This explosion compress the cloud, and convert into disk of gas and dust
■ When enough material is collected at the center and nuclear fusion begun which lead to
formation of sun
■ The materials which left behind by sun, fused together to form bigger pieces
■ These pieces become planets, moons, asteroids, dwarf planets

6. Composition of solar system
Solar system consist of
■ One main star (sun)
■ 8 planets (Mercury; Venus; Earth; Mars; Jupiter; Saturn; Uranus; Neptune)
■ Natural satalites
■ Asteriods
■ Meteoriteds
■ Comets
■ Dwarf planets
■ Solar dust

7. Sun
■ Main center of the solar system
■ All the planets revolves around the sun
■ 99.85% of the total mass of solar system present in sun
■ Nuclear fusion reaction always carried out in sun between hydrogen and helium
■ Main source of energy of the solar system

8. Planets
■ A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough
to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion,
and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals
■ Smallest planet of the solar system is mercury
■ Biggest planet of the solar system is Jupitar
■ Habitable planet of solar system is Earth

10. Natural satellites
■ A natural satellite is any celestial body in space that orbits around a larger body
■ . Moons are called natural satellites because they orbit planets
■ Our earth have only one moon
■ Jupitar have 79 moons
■ Satrun have 29 moons
■ Mars have 2 moons
■ Uranus have 27 moons
■ Neptune have 13 moons

11. Asteroids , meteoroid, comets
Asteroids
■ Asteriods are small, rocky objects that orbit the sun.
■ Although asteroids orbit the sun like planets, they are much smaller than planets
■ There are lots of asteroids in our solar system. Most of them live in the main asteroid
belt—a region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
Meteoride
■ A meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic body in outer space.
■ Meteoroids are significantly smaller than asteroids
Comets
■ Comets are cosmic snowballs of frozen gases, rock and dust
■ orbits the Sun

12. Dwarf planets
■ Dwarf planets are worlds that are too small to be considered full-fledged planets, but too
large to fall into smaller categories
■ Astronomers estimate that there could be as many as 200 dwarf planets in the solar
system and the Kuiper Belt
■ As of 2014, the IAU recognizes five named dwarf planets: Ceres, Pluto, Eris, Haumea,
and Makemake.

14. Evolution of solar system
■ Evolution of solar system is best explained by nebular hypothesis
■ This theory was put forward by Pierre-Simon Laplace
■ Cloud of gas and dust explode to form sun, planets, asteroids etc
■ Explosion occurs when solar nebula may collide with the super nova( large star)

15. Formation of sun
■ After this collapse, pockets of gas and dust started to coagulate in the denser regions
with high temperature
■ In the next 50 million years, at the cente pressure and density of hydrogen was increased
which cause the start of thermonuclear fusion
■ This nuclear fusion lead to the formation of sun

16. Formation of Rocky planets
■ According to the evolutionary astronomers when dust constituent part are collapsed they
molten and fuse together
■ And finally formed the large molten rocks in the form of blob
■ planets are formed from such compounds which have high melting points and which are
very rare
■ Rocky planets include Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars

17. Formation of Gas planets
■ Gas planets are form where temperature feel down, and their composition comprise most
of icy material rather than the rocky part
■ Due to their huge size made it them possible to capture large consideration of helium
and hydrogen
■ giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune)

19. What is Earth
■ Earth is our home planet.
■ Earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago.
■ Earth is the fifth-largest planet in the solar system.
■ Its diameter is about 8,000 miles.
■ Earth is the third-closest planet to the sun.
■ Its average distance from the sun is about 93 million miles

20. Formation of Earth
■ Core acceration theory best describe the formation of earth
■ Approximately 4.6 billion years ago, the solar system was a cloud of dust and gas
known as a solar nebula. Gravity collapsed the material in on itself as it began to spin,
forming the sun in the center of the nebula.
■ the remaining material began to clump up. Small particles drew together, bound by the
force of gravity, into larger particles. The solar wind swept away lighter elements, such
as hydrogen and helium, from the closer regions, leaving only heavy, rocky materials to
create smaller terrestrial worlds like Earth.

21. Evolution of Earth
Evolution of earth is divided into 4 Eons
Hadean eon
■ The Earth is formed out of debris around the solar protoplanetary disk. There is no life.
Temperatures are extremely hot,
■ with frequent volcanic activity and hellish environments.
■ The atmosphere is nebular.
■ Possible early oceans or bodies of liquid water.
■ The moon is formed around this time, probably due to a protoplanet's collision into Earth.
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22. Archean Eon
• Prokaryote life, the first form of life, emerges at the very beginning of
this eon.
• The atmosphere is composed of volcanic and greenhouse gases
Proterozoic Eon
• Eukaryotes, a more complex form of life, emerge, including some forms
of multicellular organisms
• Bacteria begin producing oxygen, shaping the third and current of Earth's
atmospheres.
• Plants, later animals and possibly earlier forms of fungi form around this
time.
• The early and late phases of this eon may have undergone "Snowball
Earth" periods, in which all of the planet suffered below-zero
temperatures.
• The early continents of Columbia, Rodinia and Pannotia may have
formed around this time, in that order.

23. Phanerozoic Eon
• Complex life, including vertebrates, begin to dominate the Earth's ocean in
a process known as the Cambrian explosion.
• Gradually, life expands to land and all familiar forms of plants, animals
and fungi begin appearing, including annelids, insects and reptiles.
• Several mass extinctions occur, among which birds, the descendants of
dinosaurs, and more recently mammals emerge.
• Modern animals—including humans—evolve at the most recent phases of
this eon

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