In recent years, the growing global interest in the conservation of environment has provided a fresh motivation for research in the area of solar energy utilization. Already, installation of solar energy extraction devices such as solar panels, solar water heaters, solar cookers etc. is becoming popular in urban buildings. Most of these devices consist of a solar receptor that is kept facing the sun during the day, but the sun moves from east to west and the efficiency of the panel decreases. If one could trap this extra energy source then the efficiency of the solar panel would be increased. A tracking mechanism following the sun would achieve this aim. An attempt has been made to develop a simple yet efficient sun tracking mechanism using a motor, a speed reduction mechanism and real timer. The mechanism has been designed such that the sunrays falling on the panel are always perpendicular to the panel resulting in increase in efficiency of the electricity generation. This report presents, in detail, the design and construction adopted to develop the functional model that was fabricated and tested for performance which yielded the efficiency increase of 28.41% as compared to the conventional stationary panel position.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In recent years, the growing global interest in the conservation of environment has provided a fresh motivation for research in the area of solar energy utilization. Already, installation of solar energy extraction devices such as solar panels, solar water heaters, solar cookers etc. is becoming popular in urban buildings. Most of these devices consist of a solar receptor that is kept facing the sun during the day, but the sun moves from east to west and the efficiency of the panel decreases. If one could trap this extra energy source then the efficiency of the solar panel would be increased. A tracking mechanism following the sun would achieve this aim. An attempt has been made to develop a simple yet efficient sun tracking mechanism using a motor, a speed reduction mechanism and real timer. The mechanism has been designed such that the sunrays falling on the panel are always perpendicular to the panel resulting in increase in efficiency of the electricity generation. This report presents, in detail, the design and construction adopted to develop the functional model that was fabricated and tested for performance which yielded the efficiency increase of 28.41% as compared to the conventional stationary panel position.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Laboratory-Scale Single Axis Solar Tracking System: Design and ImplementationIAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents the design and development of a laboratory-scale single
axis solar tracking system. The chronological method was implemented into
the system because it has high accuracy and can save more energy as
compared to other types of solar tracking system. The laboratory-scale single
axis solar tracking system can be used to identify the suitable and safe
workspace for the installation of the actual solar tracking system plant.
Besides, the validity of the laboratory-scale single axis solar tracking system
was examined experimentally. The angle of rotation, 15 per hour is
preferable to be implemented into the designed laboratory-scale single axis
sun tracking system due to the high performance ratio which is 0.83 and can
save the energy up to 25% during sunny days.
Predictive Analysis of Global Solar Radiation in Awka Using Statistical Error...ijtsrd
Information on the accessibility of solar radiation at a location is an imperative factor in choosing appropriate solar energy system and devices for several applications. Sunshine hours, rainfall, cloud cover, atmospheric pressure data measured in Awka 06.20°N, 07.00°E , Anambra state for a period of nine 2005– 2013 were used to create Angstrom type regression equations models for estimating the global solar radiation received on a horizontal surface in Awka. The results of the correlation were also tested for error using statistical test methods of the mean bias error, MBE, root mean square error, RMSE, and mean percentage error, MPE, to calculate the performance of the models. It was perceived that combination of parameters could be used to estimate the total solar radiation incident on a location. Nwokoye, A. O. C | Mbadugha, A. O "Predictive Analysis of Global Solar Radiation in Awka Using Statistical Error Indicators" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41310.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comphysics/nanotechnology/41310/predictive-analysis-of-global-solar-radiation-in-awka-using-statistical-error-indicators/nwokoye-a-o-c
PREDICTING OF ENERGY PRODUCTION OF SOLAR TOWER BASED ON THE STUDY OF THE COSI...IAEME Publication
The concentrated solar energy is one of the most important forms of solar energy
exploitation, which will play a key role in the future energy in the world and especially in
Jordan. In this investigation, cosine efficiency is investigated to consider when planning
the field arrangement of the heliostats in a solar power tower plant. If the power plant
within the northern hemisphere, a heliostat to the south of the tower is less effective than
a heliostat to the north of the tower. This work illustrates this concept
Optimization of Solar Energy Production using PLC and SCADAijtsrd
This paper focuses on the maximizing the solar energy produced by Solar cells through the development of such a Sun-Tracking system that can be implemented using PLC and SCADA. The developed tracking system is innovative in relation to the usual sun tracking systems available in the market. In fact, the developed solution has many advantages in relation to similar existing devices, as this system can automatically work in order to optimize the energy production of photovoltaic cells as we know that in case of fixed Solar cells, the efficiency is very poor. This efficiency of power generation by Solar cells can be increased using this system, so that as the position of sun changes, the position of Solar cell is automatically adjusted by using stepper motors. An experimental prototype was built and field results have proven the good performance of the developed tracking system. Abhishek Kumar Chambel | Er. Bharti Sood "Optimization of Solar Energy Production using PLC & SCADA" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18912.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/18912/optimization-of-solar-energy-production-using-plc-and-scada/abhishek-kumar-chambel
A MODEL DRIVEN OPTIMIZATION APPROACH TO DETERMINE TILT ANGLE OF SOLAR COLLECT...IAEME Publication
The solar systems are an intense need to full fill the energy requirement of developing countries like India. Where, thermal and photovoltaic are the two methods to utilize the solar energy directly from sun. In these methods solar equipments (e.g. flat plat collector and Photovoltaic panel) are kept in tilted position for absorbing maximum solar flux. Hence, finding the optimum tilt angle is the problem of optimization. Therefore, in this paper model driven optimization approach such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) estimator has been proposed to find optimum tilt angle and its results are compared with analytical results. A novel cost function has been applied to determine periodical optimum tilt angle. To validate the performance of PSO estimator results, statistical analysis study is carried out. Where, three statistical approaches such as descriptive method, direct method and Altman-Bland methods are adopted. The PSO estimator results are found satisfactory to ANA results at 95% confidence interval under statistical study.
METHODOLOGY :
In our present study planning to develop a hybrid power generation model consists of Rain water power(hydro), Solar PV and Wind energy, the process of working and installation as below:
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer.
In this technique, we channel the water falling on roof tops of buildings and homes, and open spaces to a storage tank through a filter. Excess water is directed to a well or pit through which water seeps in earth to increase water table.
The generated power is converted and collected using power electronics and power systems devices respectively.
OBJECTIVES :
To install Solar PV technology in order to trap solar radiation for converting into electrical energy.
To install the wind turbine for converting wind energy into electrical energy to pump the water for hydro-plant.
Integrate the complete system composed of hydro, solar, wind energy
Assess the performance of the system.
This paper is all about how to install solar power stations in space and collecting solar energy with an efficiency of 95% (as proven). And then by using either microwaves or LASER, sending that energy to the power grids on earth and converting it into electricity.
USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES FOR SOLAR HOTSPOTS INSTALLATION IN TH...meijjournal
Solar energy has been widely tapped around the world replacing conventional non-renewable energy. Currently, one of the most challenging problems is to increase the quantity of energy tagged from solar energy. Before installing solar panels, assessing where solar panels should be placed can significantly benefit panel performance. This study aims to conduct a site selection analysis for solar panel installation using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The focus of the analysis is on building rooftop PVC panel installation. In this study, Google Earth images were used to digitize the rooftop that is potential for solar PVC panel and derive the areas using ArcGIS software.
Modeling Of a Bucket Air Cooler by Using Solar EnergyIJMER
In a conventional energy sources day to day decreasing in their energy levels. Going green and conservation as much energy as possible has become the focal point in their eyes of the world. There are many sources of energy available to us that will conserve our natural resources and decrease on harmful emissions that are destroying our environment. Many energy sources available in world like
hydro electrical, thermal, mechanical, solar, tidal, bio gas, wave, wind, geothermal, ocean thermal energy. Many incentives are now available to individuals and industries who implement the use of this ecofriendly environment through in this direction we are selected solar energy is main sources.Our design and construction of a bucket air cooler by using solar energy is new alternative to
conventional energy sources. We set out to create an air cooler that does not create any harmful
emissions in environment and provide no pollution in the surrounding. The solar power as the main energy sources to help in the project work. It is providing to cooling the enclosed space and also measured the temperature levels of before and after in absorbed enclosed space.
Modeling Of a Bucket Air Cooler by Using Solar EnergyIJMER
In a conventional energy sources day to day decreasing in their energy levels. Going green
and conservation as much energy as possible has become the focal point in their eyes of the world.
There are many sources of energy available to us that will conserve our natural resources and decrease
on harmful emissions that are destroying our environment. Many energy sources available in world like
hydro electrical, thermal, mechanical, solar, tidal, bio gas, wave, wind, geothermal, ocean thermal
energy. Many incentives are now available to individuals and industries who implement the use of this
ecofriendly environment through in this direction we are selected solar energy is main sources.
Our design and construction of a bucket air cooler by using solar energy is new alternative to
conventional energy sources. We set out to create an air cooler that does not create any harmful
emissions in environment and provide no pollution in the surrounding. The solar power as the main
energy sources to help in the project work. It is providing to cooling the enclosed space and also
measured the temperature levels of before and after in absorbed enclosed space
Laboratory-Scale Single Axis Solar Tracking System: Design and ImplementationIAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents the design and development of a laboratory-scale single
axis solar tracking system. The chronological method was implemented into
the system because it has high accuracy and can save more energy as
compared to other types of solar tracking system. The laboratory-scale single
axis solar tracking system can be used to identify the suitable and safe
workspace for the installation of the actual solar tracking system plant.
Besides, the validity of the laboratory-scale single axis solar tracking system
was examined experimentally. The angle of rotation, 15 per hour is
preferable to be implemented into the designed laboratory-scale single axis
sun tracking system due to the high performance ratio which is 0.83 and can
save the energy up to 25% during sunny days.
Predictive Analysis of Global Solar Radiation in Awka Using Statistical Error...ijtsrd
Information on the accessibility of solar radiation at a location is an imperative factor in choosing appropriate solar energy system and devices for several applications. Sunshine hours, rainfall, cloud cover, atmospheric pressure data measured in Awka 06.20°N, 07.00°E , Anambra state for a period of nine 2005– 2013 were used to create Angstrom type regression equations models for estimating the global solar radiation received on a horizontal surface in Awka. The results of the correlation were also tested for error using statistical test methods of the mean bias error, MBE, root mean square error, RMSE, and mean percentage error, MPE, to calculate the performance of the models. It was perceived that combination of parameters could be used to estimate the total solar radiation incident on a location. Nwokoye, A. O. C | Mbadugha, A. O "Predictive Analysis of Global Solar Radiation in Awka Using Statistical Error Indicators" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41310.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comphysics/nanotechnology/41310/predictive-analysis-of-global-solar-radiation-in-awka-using-statistical-error-indicators/nwokoye-a-o-c
PREDICTING OF ENERGY PRODUCTION OF SOLAR TOWER BASED ON THE STUDY OF THE COSI...IAEME Publication
The concentrated solar energy is one of the most important forms of solar energy
exploitation, which will play a key role in the future energy in the world and especially in
Jordan. In this investigation, cosine efficiency is investigated to consider when planning
the field arrangement of the heliostats in a solar power tower plant. If the power plant
within the northern hemisphere, a heliostat to the south of the tower is less effective than
a heliostat to the north of the tower. This work illustrates this concept
Optimization of Solar Energy Production using PLC and SCADAijtsrd
This paper focuses on the maximizing the solar energy produced by Solar cells through the development of such a Sun-Tracking system that can be implemented using PLC and SCADA. The developed tracking system is innovative in relation to the usual sun tracking systems available in the market. In fact, the developed solution has many advantages in relation to similar existing devices, as this system can automatically work in order to optimize the energy production of photovoltaic cells as we know that in case of fixed Solar cells, the efficiency is very poor. This efficiency of power generation by Solar cells can be increased using this system, so that as the position of sun changes, the position of Solar cell is automatically adjusted by using stepper motors. An experimental prototype was built and field results have proven the good performance of the developed tracking system. Abhishek Kumar Chambel | Er. Bharti Sood "Optimization of Solar Energy Production using PLC & SCADA" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18912.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/18912/optimization-of-solar-energy-production-using-plc-and-scada/abhishek-kumar-chambel
A MODEL DRIVEN OPTIMIZATION APPROACH TO DETERMINE TILT ANGLE OF SOLAR COLLECT...IAEME Publication
The solar systems are an intense need to full fill the energy requirement of developing countries like India. Where, thermal and photovoltaic are the two methods to utilize the solar energy directly from sun. In these methods solar equipments (e.g. flat plat collector and Photovoltaic panel) are kept in tilted position for absorbing maximum solar flux. Hence, finding the optimum tilt angle is the problem of optimization. Therefore, in this paper model driven optimization approach such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) estimator has been proposed to find optimum tilt angle and its results are compared with analytical results. A novel cost function has been applied to determine periodical optimum tilt angle. To validate the performance of PSO estimator results, statistical analysis study is carried out. Where, three statistical approaches such as descriptive method, direct method and Altman-Bland methods are adopted. The PSO estimator results are found satisfactory to ANA results at 95% confidence interval under statistical study.
METHODOLOGY :
In our present study planning to develop a hybrid power generation model consists of Rain water power(hydro), Solar PV and Wind energy, the process of working and installation as below:
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer.
In this technique, we channel the water falling on roof tops of buildings and homes, and open spaces to a storage tank through a filter. Excess water is directed to a well or pit through which water seeps in earth to increase water table.
The generated power is converted and collected using power electronics and power systems devices respectively.
OBJECTIVES :
To install Solar PV technology in order to trap solar radiation for converting into electrical energy.
To install the wind turbine for converting wind energy into electrical energy to pump the water for hydro-plant.
Integrate the complete system composed of hydro, solar, wind energy
Assess the performance of the system.
This paper is all about how to install solar power stations in space and collecting solar energy with an efficiency of 95% (as proven). And then by using either microwaves or LASER, sending that energy to the power grids on earth and converting it into electricity.
USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES FOR SOLAR HOTSPOTS INSTALLATION IN TH...meijjournal
Solar energy has been widely tapped around the world replacing conventional non-renewable energy. Currently, one of the most challenging problems is to increase the quantity of energy tagged from solar energy. Before installing solar panels, assessing where solar panels should be placed can significantly benefit panel performance. This study aims to conduct a site selection analysis for solar panel installation using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The focus of the analysis is on building rooftop PVC panel installation. In this study, Google Earth images were used to digitize the rooftop that is potential for solar PVC panel and derive the areas using ArcGIS software.
Modeling Of a Bucket Air Cooler by Using Solar EnergyIJMER
In a conventional energy sources day to day decreasing in their energy levels. Going green and conservation as much energy as possible has become the focal point in their eyes of the world. There are many sources of energy available to us that will conserve our natural resources and decrease on harmful emissions that are destroying our environment. Many energy sources available in world like
hydro electrical, thermal, mechanical, solar, tidal, bio gas, wave, wind, geothermal, ocean thermal energy. Many incentives are now available to individuals and industries who implement the use of this ecofriendly environment through in this direction we are selected solar energy is main sources.Our design and construction of a bucket air cooler by using solar energy is new alternative to
conventional energy sources. We set out to create an air cooler that does not create any harmful
emissions in environment and provide no pollution in the surrounding. The solar power as the main energy sources to help in the project work. It is providing to cooling the enclosed space and also measured the temperature levels of before and after in absorbed enclosed space.
Modeling Of a Bucket Air Cooler by Using Solar EnergyIJMER
In a conventional energy sources day to day decreasing in their energy levels. Going green
and conservation as much energy as possible has become the focal point in their eyes of the world.
There are many sources of energy available to us that will conserve our natural resources and decrease
on harmful emissions that are destroying our environment. Many energy sources available in world like
hydro electrical, thermal, mechanical, solar, tidal, bio gas, wave, wind, geothermal, ocean thermal
energy. Many incentives are now available to individuals and industries who implement the use of this
ecofriendly environment through in this direction we are selected solar energy is main sources.
Our design and construction of a bucket air cooler by using solar energy is new alternative to
conventional energy sources. We set out to create an air cooler that does not create any harmful
emissions in environment and provide no pollution in the surrounding. The solar power as the main
energy sources to help in the project work. It is providing to cooling the enclosed space and also
measured the temperature levels of before and after in absorbed enclosed space
Project details - I have made a project Dual Axis Solar Tracker using Arduino to align the solar panel towards the higher density of Sun light. I have used a ATMEGA168 controller IC for programming, and two servo motor for movement of solar panel. It was now also available on EngineersGarage with the link- http://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/how-to-make-a-solar-tracker. Check this out.
Solar Grass Cutter With Linear Blades By Using Scotch Yoke MechanismIJERA Editor
A Solar grass cutter is a machine that uses sliding blades to cut a lawn at an even length. Even more sophisticated devices are there in every field. Power consumption becomes essential for future. Solar grass cutter is a very useful device which is very simple in construction. It is used to maintain and upkeep lawns in gardens, schools, college’s etc. We have made some changes in the existing machine to make its application easier at reduced cost. Our main aim in pollution control is attained through this. Unskilled operation can operate easily and maintain the lawn very fine and uniform surface look. In our project, ―Solar grass cutter‖ is used to cut the different grasses for the different application.
Studying the factors affecting solar power generation systems performance ( S...IJERA Editor
Solar energy is a huge, clean and renewable source of energy. It is also available everywhere on the earth. However, there are many technical and economic difficulties need to be solved so that solar energy becomes a strong competition against the traditional energy sources. Energy from the sun can be used successfully in electric power generation systems. Depending on the climate conditions and the use of a properly designed, installing and maintained system can meet a large demand in this request. Work plane for this research will include many steps, the first step will include an introduction to solar energy. The second step will be a short review of the solar energy availability, geometry, fields of applications and the largest commercial application of solar energy is the solar thermal power generation. In addition, the most common types of solar thermal power plants, the solar field, heat transfer fluid and the power conversion system types will be explained in detail. The third step, a simple analysis for the solar thermal power plant will be explained in order to predict the optimum conditions leading to maximum performance. Discussions of results will be the fourth step. The last step a conclusion and recommendation for future work will also be included.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
solar irradiation potential of velammal engineering college
1. SOLAR IRRADIATION POTENTIAL OF VELAMMAL
ENGINEERING COLLEGE-A BASIC STUDY
A.B.Vijay Basker ,Dr.V.R.Manoj (Professor)
Velammal Engineering College, Surapet, Chennai-66.
ABSTRACT
Solar Energy is one of the most prominent forms of
Renewable energy presently and abundantly
available. The Indian Government’s Ministry for New
and Renewable Resources (MNRE) has launched the
National Solar Mission to promote the use of Solar
energy throughout the country (started in 2009 and
aimed to set up 20,000 MW of grid connected solar
power). However, it is not easy to implement Solar
energy in all regions with equal efficiency. While
majority of the efficiency issue rests with solar panel
efficiency; the rate of Solar irradiation plays a key role
in the duration of harnessed energy by a solar device.
In this basic study, an assessment was made on the
Solar irradiation falling in India, Tamilnadu, Chennai
and finally on the area where our Institution is
currently located. The amount of solar irradiation
(measured from data available from MNRE and Solar
Radiation Assessment stations (SRRA)) incident on
the same was ascertained and it could be partially
determined whether it is feasible to have solar power
implemented on a large scale in the campus. A
thorough understanding of this can lead to
ascertaining suitability of CSP technology or
Photovoltaic technology.
Index terms: solar power, irradiation map, feasibility
study
INTRODUCTION
In 2009, the Indian Ministry for New and Renewable
Energy (MNRE) launched its ambitious Jawaharlal
Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) under which it
has set a target of installing solar power . This 20 GW
capacity of solar power will be equally divided into
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) and Concentrating Solar
Power (CSP) technologies, representing an
installation of 10 GW of each technology in
approximately 12 years. This has caused a rapid
growth and development of CSP industry in India. In
the first phase of JNNSM from 2010-2013 CSP
projects with capacity of 470 MW were auctioned,
which should be commissioned before May 2013. In
addition the reverse bidding mechanism has made
the market even more competitive, with companies
bidding far lower prices than those existent in the
international CSP market. Lanco Solar Pvt. Ltd. was
very aggressive in offering maximum discount bidding
a price of 10.49 INR/kWh approximately 129
EUR/MWh [1]. As per the current plans, another 3000
MW of solar power plants will be developed in India
before 2017. It is well known that the Indian CSP
companies will have to overcome many hurdles in
order to meet the aggressive prices they have quoted.
However, it is assumed that if the Indian CSP
companies manage to build and operate CSP plants at
such low prices, it might be a game-changer for the
global CSP industry. Apart from catering to the local
CSP market, Indian EPC companies might start
offering their services to foreign markets resulting in
lower prices and rapid deployment of CSP.
All CSP technologies need to concentrate sunlight. As
optical concentration cannot be achieved based on
diffuse light coming from various directions, only the
direct beam irradiance component is relevant for
CSP. A CSP plant converts direct beam irradiance into
thermal energy, and ultimately into electrical power.
This is done by means of high temperatures and
efficient heat-to-electricity conversion systems, such
as steam turbines. Hence, direct sunlight or beam
irradiance is the key resource for any concentrating
solar system.
Until around 2008 availability of solar radiation maps
of India was quite limited. Besides worldwide data
sets in coarse resolution like NASA-SSE [2] there was
the Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) map provided
by the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)
based on interpolation of ground-based
measurements [3].
2. Additionally time-series and maps based on ground-
based measurements and model-derived solar
radiation values of DNI and GHI also can be obtained
from the Meteonorm software [4]. In 2009 NREL
released its first version of a satellite-based solar
radiation map providing GHI and DNI covering the
North West of the country. In 2010 an updated
version was released by NREL, which then covered
entire India. Meanwhile several commercial satellite-
derived data sets became available like 3TIER (2011),
the Solemi data set of DLR (Deutsches Zentrum für
Luft- und Raumfahrt – German Aerospace Center),
the iMaps data of GeoModel Solar [5], and the data
from IrSOLaV [6]. But the uncertainty of solar
radiation data in India is still very high [7]. Ground
truth of the satellite-derived data sets is still widely
missing. All of these have resulted in demand of high
quality solar resource data for India.
The high uncertainty of solar radiation data is acting
as a hurdle to the development of solar power plants
in India. As a result, to provide a solid database for
solar energy deployment in India MNRE is funding
the project Solar Radiation Resource Assessment
(SRRA) at Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-
WET). The SRRA-project is mainly covering the set up
and operation of a countrywide collection system of
solar radiation data. In 2011 a network of 51 solar
radiation measurement stations distributed all over
most states of India was erected. These stations are
measuring direct, diffuse and global irradiance with
high quality.
OBJECTIVE
In order to avoid the upcoming demand for the
Electricity in the world the renewable resources are
used in now a day to overcome that one of the way
to overcome the demand is Solar power resource
which is freely and abundant in nature which will be
available for the lifetime and they are easily
renewable. It is the process of producing the current
by using the heat emitted from the suns radiation
and converting it into the electricity by the certain
process.
Solar energy is the oldest primary source of energy. It
is clean, renewable and abundant in every part of the
world. Almost all energies are derived from solar
energy. However, it is possible to convert solar energy
into mechanical or electrical energy with adequate
efficiency. The radiation from the sun travels in the
space as Electromagnetic Wave. Above the Earth’s
atmosphere, sunlight carries 1367 watts of power per
square meter. This is known as Solar Constant. We
define solar constant as the amount of solar radiation
received outside the earth’s atmosphere on a unit area
perpendicular to the rays of the sun at the mean
distance of the earth from the sun.
The Earth receives 1.8 X 1017
W of the incoming solar
radiation continuously at the top of its atmosphere. But
only half of its reaches the earth surface. Factors like
Absorption, Scattering and Reflection of the light
during its passage through the atmosphere are
responsible for reduction of the amount of solar
radiation available on the earth’s surface. Solar energy
is by nature, a low-density energy source
It is the basic study that by erecting the solar panels it
is sufficient to produce the required power or the
current in the campus.
CONCEPTUAL IDEA WITH ANALYSED RESULT
The radiation from the sun travels in the space as
Electromagnetic Wave. Above the Earth’s
atmosphere, sunlight carries 1367 watts of power per
square meter. This is known as Solar Constant. We
define solar constant as the amount of solar radiation
received outside the earth’s atmosphere on a unit
area perpendicular to the rays of the sun at the mean
distance of the earth from the sun.
The Earth receives 1.8 X 1017
W of the incoming solar
radiation continuously at the top of its atmosphere.
But only half of its reaches the earth surface. Factors
like Absorption, Scattering and Reflection of the light
during its passage through the atmosphere are
responsible for reduction of the amount of solar
radiation available on the earth’s surface. Solar
energy is by nature, a low-density energy source.
3. The radiation from the sun travels in the space as
Electromagnetic Wave. Above the Earth’s
atmosphere, sunlight carries 1367 watts of power per
square meter. This is known as Solar Constant. We
define solar constant as the amount of solar radiation
received outside the earth’s atmosphere on a unit
area perpendicular to the rays of the sun at the mean
distance of the earth from the sun.
The Earth receives 1.8 X 1017
W of the incoming solar
radiation continuously at the top of its atmosphere.
But only half of its reaches the earth surface. Factors
like Absorption, Scattering and Reflection of the light
during its passage through the atmosphere are
responsible for reduction of the amount of solar
radiation available on the earth’s surface. Solar
energy is by nature, a low-density energy source.
Where the India is the daily producer of nearly 0.2kwh
per meter square of land area is used, which is
equivalent to about 1400-1800 peak capacity
operating hours and stands an average producer of
nearly which satisfies the one third of the country and
leads to the production of nearly 73kwh per meter
square of land area where in Tamil Nadu the southern
part of India located near the Bay of Bengal which
receives moderate amount of radiation which leads in
the production of solar energy and the amount of
energy produced in our state leads the average
production. Were the world’s largest solar production
plant about 2500 acres of land area is located on
Tamil Nadu which has the capacity of 650MWof clean
power and able to produce the electricity to 1.5 lakh
homes in Tamil Nadu.
Where the Chennai is located on the top of the Tamil
Nadu and located near the coastal line here also some
amount of energy is produced per year using solar
irradiation the average amount if power produced
per year in Chennai is of nearly of 5.51kwh per meter
square on a day where our Velammal Engineering
College is located in Chennai under the municipality
of Ambattur which has an total area of nearly 39km
and they are of 127919.95ft, under which our college
comes our college is located near the largest lake in
Chennai which names Puzhal and our college has an
area of 75 acres among which the playground is
covered by 25 acres, nearly 2 acres for car parking and
the student parks and nearly 2 acres for the small
shops around college and the roads. Then the
remaining 46 acres is of the Department buildings
where we can able to erect a solar power plant and
we could be able to produce some amount of energy
per year which will reduce the cost of the electricity
bill by 20% on my analysis which can be able to
produce nearly 0.3kwh in our campus
TYPES OF SOLAR PANEL
1. Polycrystalline solar panels
Polycrystalline panels are made of silicon cells,
which is combination of multiple small silicon
crystals. This is the reason, why their surface is not
homogeneous, thus, they are slightly less efficient and
simultaneously less expensive. They are commonly
used in residential buildings and in large solar panels
2. Monocrystalline solar panels
Monocrystalline panels are composed of
individual cells that are formed of a homogeneous
silicon crystal with systematic internal structure. They
are formed by cutting the silicon block of appropriate
size, for layers thick of about 0.3mm
Finally, the obtained power is stored in the storage
unit and utilized for various uses and in micro
controller if 10-watt power is obtained from the solar
panel setup and some part of energy has to be utilized
by the microcontroller unit and in the proposed idea is
not utilized by any other unit and entirely stored in the
battery for various purposes and by this it can be said
that it is more efficient when compared to the
conventional solar tracking by micro controller
And only disadvantage is less sensitive compared to
the micro controller solar tracking