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Solar Panels and How They
Work
First… A Brief Introduction
About The Sun
Generates it’s energy through nuclear fusion
Needed to make the earth function:
-Photosynthesis for plants
-Provides solar energy
-Evaporation > Rain
-MUCH MORE
The Sun & The Earth
The Sun’s Rays Enter the Earth’s
Atmosphere
The Atmosphere
Solar radiation first hits the
atmosphere in this layer and ionizes
air molecules. A region of ionized
particles in the thermosphere is called
the ionosphere. Auroras, which are
interactions of charged solar particles
and the ionosphere, can be seen in
this layer of the atmosphere.
Temperature is up due to ionization of
air molecules by solar radiation. Air is
extremely thin.
Auroras in the
Thermosphere
An aurora is an interaction of the
ionosphere and charged solar
particles within the thermosphere.
The Atmosphere
Troposphere (where we are) has high
temperatures due to molecules
absorbing the Sun’s energy.
The Sun’s Energy
We can tell the Sun’s
energy is present…
The radiation/energy off of the sun
heats up pavement, causing you to
see “heat waves”. “Heat waves”
look like water almost, causing
mirages in the desert. For example,
if you saw that watery look ahead in
the desert, you would think there is
water ahead, when it is really only
hot sand
The Sun’s Energy
We can tell the Sun’s
energy is present…Radiation/energy from
the sun can also heat
swimming pools.
What is Solar Energy?
• Originates with the
thermonuclear
fusion reactions
occurring in the
sun.
• Represents the
entire
electromagnetic
radiation (visible
light, infrared,
ultraviolet, x-rays,
and radio waves).
How much solar energy?
The surface receives about 47% of the total solar
energy that reaches the Earth. Only this amount
is usable.
Solar Panels
Solar Panels can do just that!
How Solar Panels Work
The basic element
of solar panels
is the same
element that
helped create
the computer
revolution --
pure silicon.
Direct Conversion into Electricity
• Photovoltaic cells are
capable of directly
converting sunlight into
electricity.
• A simple wafer of silicon
with wires attached to the
layers. Current is produced
based on types of silicon (n-
and p-types) used for the
layers. Each cell=0.5 volts.
• Battery needed as storage
• No moving partsdo no
wear out, but because they
are exposed to the weather,
their lifespan is about 20
years.
How Solar Panels Work
When silicon is stripped of all impurities, it makes a ideal
neutral platform for the transmission of electrons. Silicon
also has some atomic-level properties which make it
even more attractive for the creation of solar panels.
Silicon atoms have room for eight electrons in their outer
bands, but only carry four in their natural state. This
means there is room for four more electrons.
How Solar Panels Work
If one silicon atom contacts another silicon atom, each
receives the other atom's four electrons. This creates a
strong bond, but there is no positive or negative charge
because the eight electrons satisfy the atoms' needs.
Silicon atoms can combine for years to result in a large
piece of pure silicon. This material is used to form the
plates of solar panels.
How Solar Panels Work
Here's where science enters the picture. Two plates of pure silicon
would not generate electricity in solar panels, because they have no
positive or negative charge. Solar panels are created by combining
silicon with other elements that do have positive or negative
charges. Phosphorus, for example, has five electrons to offer to
other atoms. If silicon and phosphorus are combined chemically, the
result is a stable eight electrons with an additional free electron
along for the ride. It can't leave, because it is bonded to the other
phosphorus atoms, but it isn't needed by the silicon. Therefore, this
new silicon/phosphorus plate is considered to be negatively
charged.
How Solar Panels Work
In order for electricity to flow, a positive charge must also
be created. This is achieved in solar panels by
combining silicon with an element such as boron, which
only has three electrons to offer. A silicon/boron plate
still has one spot left for another electron. This means
the plate has a positive charge. The two plates are
sandwiched together in solar panels, with conductive
wires running between them.
How Solar Panels Work
With the two plates in place, it's now time to bring in the
'solar' aspect of solar panels. Natural sunlight sends out
many different particles of energy, but the one we're
most interested in is called a photon. A photon
essentially acts like a moving hammer. When the
negative plates of solar cells are pointed at a proper
angle to the sun, photons bombard the
silicon/phosphorus atoms.
How Solar Panels Work
Eventually, the 9th electron, which wants to
be free anyway, is knocked off the outer
ring. This electron doesn't remain free for
long, since the positive silicon/boron plate
draws it into the open spot on its own
outer band.
Marisol Infra Power
Private Limited
Contact- Click Here
Website- Click Here

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Solar Energy Company in Uttarakhand India, Marisol Infra Power Private Limited

  • 1. Solar Panels and How They Work
  • 2. First… A Brief Introduction About The Sun Generates it’s energy through nuclear fusion Needed to make the earth function: -Photosynthesis for plants -Provides solar energy -Evaporation > Rain -MUCH MORE
  • 3. The Sun & The Earth
  • 4.
  • 5. The Sun’s Rays Enter the Earth’s Atmosphere
  • 6. The Atmosphere Solar radiation first hits the atmosphere in this layer and ionizes air molecules. A region of ionized particles in the thermosphere is called the ionosphere. Auroras, which are interactions of charged solar particles and the ionosphere, can be seen in this layer of the atmosphere. Temperature is up due to ionization of air molecules by solar radiation. Air is extremely thin.
  • 7. Auroras in the Thermosphere An aurora is an interaction of the ionosphere and charged solar particles within the thermosphere.
  • 8. The Atmosphere Troposphere (where we are) has high temperatures due to molecules absorbing the Sun’s energy.
  • 9. The Sun’s Energy We can tell the Sun’s energy is present… The radiation/energy off of the sun heats up pavement, causing you to see “heat waves”. “Heat waves” look like water almost, causing mirages in the desert. For example, if you saw that watery look ahead in the desert, you would think there is water ahead, when it is really only hot sand
  • 10. The Sun’s Energy We can tell the Sun’s energy is present…Radiation/energy from the sun can also heat swimming pools.
  • 11. What is Solar Energy? • Originates with the thermonuclear fusion reactions occurring in the sun. • Represents the entire electromagnetic radiation (visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves).
  • 12. How much solar energy? The surface receives about 47% of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth. Only this amount is usable.
  • 13. Solar Panels Solar Panels can do just that!
  • 14. How Solar Panels Work The basic element of solar panels is the same element that helped create the computer revolution -- pure silicon.
  • 15. Direct Conversion into Electricity • Photovoltaic cells are capable of directly converting sunlight into electricity. • A simple wafer of silicon with wires attached to the layers. Current is produced based on types of silicon (n- and p-types) used for the layers. Each cell=0.5 volts. • Battery needed as storage • No moving partsdo no wear out, but because they are exposed to the weather, their lifespan is about 20 years.
  • 16. How Solar Panels Work When silicon is stripped of all impurities, it makes a ideal neutral platform for the transmission of electrons. Silicon also has some atomic-level properties which make it even more attractive for the creation of solar panels. Silicon atoms have room for eight electrons in their outer bands, but only carry four in their natural state. This means there is room for four more electrons.
  • 17. How Solar Panels Work If one silicon atom contacts another silicon atom, each receives the other atom's four electrons. This creates a strong bond, but there is no positive or negative charge because the eight electrons satisfy the atoms' needs. Silicon atoms can combine for years to result in a large piece of pure silicon. This material is used to form the plates of solar panels.
  • 18. How Solar Panels Work Here's where science enters the picture. Two plates of pure silicon would not generate electricity in solar panels, because they have no positive or negative charge. Solar panels are created by combining silicon with other elements that do have positive or negative charges. Phosphorus, for example, has five electrons to offer to other atoms. If silicon and phosphorus are combined chemically, the result is a stable eight electrons with an additional free electron along for the ride. It can't leave, because it is bonded to the other phosphorus atoms, but it isn't needed by the silicon. Therefore, this new silicon/phosphorus plate is considered to be negatively charged.
  • 19. How Solar Panels Work In order for electricity to flow, a positive charge must also be created. This is achieved in solar panels by combining silicon with an element such as boron, which only has three electrons to offer. A silicon/boron plate still has one spot left for another electron. This means the plate has a positive charge. The two plates are sandwiched together in solar panels, with conductive wires running between them.
  • 20. How Solar Panels Work With the two plates in place, it's now time to bring in the 'solar' aspect of solar panels. Natural sunlight sends out many different particles of energy, but the one we're most interested in is called a photon. A photon essentially acts like a moving hammer. When the negative plates of solar cells are pointed at a proper angle to the sun, photons bombard the silicon/phosphorus atoms.
  • 21. How Solar Panels Work Eventually, the 9th electron, which wants to be free anyway, is knocked off the outer ring. This electron doesn't remain free for long, since the positive silicon/boron plate draws it into the open spot on its own outer band.
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