This document discusses soil stabilization using cement. It describes how cement is used to stabilize soils by mixing pulverized soil with Portland cement and water. Factors that affect soil cement stabilization include soil type, cement quantity, water quantity, and mixing/compaction/curing methods. Benefits are that cement is widely available and cost effective, while producing durable and weather resistant materials. Experiments analyzed how unconfined compressive strength increases with higher cement content and lower porosity. Testing methods and results are presented, concluding that cement effectively stabilizes soils and maintains strength even when saturated.

1. SOIL STABILIZATION
USING CEMENT
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2. OVERVIEW
 INTRODUCTION
 PRESENT STUDY
 FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL CEMENT STABILIZATION
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
 METHODS
 RESULT AND ANALYSIS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Stabilization is the improvement of a soil or pavement material usually
through the addition of a binder or additive.
 A wider range of soils can be improved for bulk fill applications and for
construction purposes.
 The most common method of stabilization involves the incorporation of
small quantities of binders, such as cement, to the aggregate.
 As a stabilizing material cement is well researched, well understood and
its properties clearly defined.
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6. PRESENT STUDY
 Cement stabilization of soil is done by mixing pulverized soil
and Portland cement with water and compacting the mix to
attain a strong material.
 The material obtained by mixing soil and cement is known as
soil-cement.
 Since 1915 more than 1 lakh miles of equivalent 7.5m wide
pavement bases has been constructed from cement stabilized
soils.
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7. Cont.
 Cement-stabilized materials generally fall into two classes -
 Soil-Cement
 Cement- Modified Soil
 Soil cement is a mixture of pulverized soil material and
cement.
 cement modified soil is a soil treated with small proportion of
soil cement.
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8. FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL CEMENT STABILIZATION
 Type of soil
 Quantity of cement
 Quantity of water
 Mixing, compaction and curing
 Admixtures
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9. ADVANTAGES
 It is widely available.
 Cost is relatively low.
 It is highly durable.
 Soil cement is quite weather resistant and strong.
 Soil cement reduces the swelling characteristics of the soil.
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10. DISADVANTAGES
 Cracks may form in soil cement.
 It is harmful for environment.
 It requires extra labour.
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11. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
Residual soil
 The characteristics of the residual soil at the UFRGS
experimental site have been determined which consisted of a
combination of laboratory and field tests.
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13. METHODS OF TESTING
MOULDING AND CURING OF SPECIMENS
 Cylindrical specimens with 50mm in diameter and 100mm in
height were used.
 After the moulding process, the specimen was immediately
extracted from the splitmould and its weight, diameter and
height measured.
 The samples were cured in a humid room.
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14. UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST
 To measure the shearing resistance of cohesive soils.
 The unconfined compressive strength is defined as the
maximum unit stress obtained within the first 20% strain.
 After curing, specimens were submerged in a water tank for
24h for saturation.
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15.  The water temperature was controlled and maintained at
23°C.
 The specimens were removed immediately before the test, and
the maximum load, which is recorded.
 Individual strengths of three specimens should not deviate by
more than 10% from the mean strength.
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Cont.

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17. STANDARD PROCTOR TEST
 Standard proctor test is carried out to determine the water content and
mass of compacted soil.
 Then,
Bulk mass density, ƥ=M/V
Where, M = mass of compacted soil (gm)
V = volume of the mould (ml)
Dry density, Ɣ =
ƥ
𝟏+𝒘
Where, w = water content
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20. RESULT AND ANALYSIS
 Unconfined compressive strength increases with higher percentage of cement
content for all water content values.
 With the increase in porosity, qu reduces for all compacted mixtures.
 Unconfined compressive strength (qu) as a function of the porosity/cement
ratio (η/Civ) defined by the equation,
ƞ
𝑪𝒊𝒗
=
𝑽𝒗
𝑽𝒄
Where, η = porosity
Civ = cement content , Vv= Volume of voids , Vc= Volume of cement
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23. CONCLUSION
 Cement has been found to be effective in stabilizing a wide variety of
soils.
 The addition of cement and the reduction of porosity promoted an
increase in unconfined compressive strength.
 Water content does not have a major influence in the unconfined
compressive strength of cement stabilized soil.
 The cement-stabilized soil, will maintain significant strength even it
becomes saturated.
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24. REFERENCES
 Sergio Filipe Veloso Marques, Nilo Cesar Consoli, and Jorge Almeida e Sousa,
“Testing Cement Improved Residual Soil Layers”, Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 544-550, Mar 2014.
 Sara Rios, AntónioViana da Fonseca, and Beatrice Anne Baudet, “Effect of the
Porosity/Cement Ratio on the Compression of Cemented Soil ”, Journal of
Geotechnical and Geo environmental Engineering, Vol. 138, No. 11, pp. 1422-1426,
Nov 2012.
 Dr.K.R.Arora, “Compaction of Soils”, Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Engineering (Geotechnical Engineering), pp. 358-361, 2011.
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25. THANK YOU
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