This document discusses various software development life cycle (SDLC) models. It describes the waterfall model, prototype model, incremental model, spiral model, RAD model, V-model, and agile model. For each model, it provides an overview of the process flow and highlights advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses different testing techniques used at various stages like unit testing, integration testing, documentation testing etc. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of different SDLC models and testing approaches used in software engineering.
This document provides information on software testing fundamentals including the V-Model, definitions of software testing terms, the role of a tester, and verification and validation activities. It discusses the software testing life cycle including test requirements documentation, planning, design, execution, and defect tracking. It also covers topics like static and dynamic testing, white box and black box testing, requirement reviews, design reviews, and code reviews. Key aspects reviewed for requirements, design, and code include completeness, consistency, testability, and adherence to standards.
Writing testable code is important so that code can be easily tested through automated unit tests. Testable code is written to comply with SOLID principles and is separated into isolated units (classes/objects) that each have a single responsibility. There are different types of automated tests like unit tests, functional tests, and behavioral tests. Automated tests have benefits like proving code works as expected, protecting against regressions, and allowing refactoring with confidence. Dependencies between code units should be managed carefully to keep code testable and decoupled. A dependency injection container can help manage object dependencies and simplify code.
Bye Bye Cowboy-Coder days! by Vytautas Dagilis.
„Working Effectively with Legacy Code“- one of the best books which talks about Unit testing and TDD. Presentation covers best practices listed in the book as well as shows which of them were successfully implemented in practice. You will find out how to commit changes and be sure that they work even without running and testing application itself.
This document discusses the benefits of unit testing and how to implement it. Some key points covered include:
- Unit testing helps ensure code works as intended, finds problems earlier, and increases developer confidence. It is especially useful for code involving money, code that has broken before, or code that is tedious to test manually.
- There are two main types of tests - unit tests that isolate small parts of an application and functional tests that ensure components work together. Mock objects are important for writing isolated unit tests.
- Benefits of testing include finding problems earlier, tests can be automated, and it ensures requirements are met. Challenges include the time needed to write tests initially.
- Continuous integration servers
In this experiential webinar, our guest Mohamed Shaaban will share with you his wide experience in Unit Testing in addition to practical techniques for unit testing your code using C#, NUnit, and Moq.
Technical debt can accumulate when teams prioritize quickly delivering features over maintaining quality. This leads to slower development and more bugs over time. Automation helps reveal technical debt through continuous integration tests, code inspections, and trend analysis. As teams automate their build, deployment, and testing processes, they often discover previously unknown issues. Both direct testing and the learning from automation efforts help teams understand and address technical debt. Managing technical debt through automation provides benefits at both the team and enterprise levels.
The document contains responses to questions about software testing terms and concepts. Key points discussed include:
- Cyclomatic complexity is a white box testing type that analyzes the complexity of code.
- Monkey testing tests software without test cases by randomly interacting with screens and inputs to find bugs.
- Severity refers to a bug's seriousness while priority refers to which bug should be fixed first.
- A login screen bug example is provided where severity is low but priority is high due to usability issues.
- System testing is a type of black box testing that tests the full application and includes functionality, regression, and performance testing.
This document provides information on software testing fundamentals including the V-Model, definitions of software testing terms, the role of a tester, and verification and validation activities. It discusses the software testing life cycle including test requirements documentation, planning, design, execution, and defect tracking. It also covers topics like static and dynamic testing, white box and black box testing, requirement reviews, design reviews, and code reviews. Key aspects reviewed for requirements, design, and code include completeness, consistency, testability, and adherence to standards.
Writing testable code is important so that code can be easily tested through automated unit tests. Testable code is written to comply with SOLID principles and is separated into isolated units (classes/objects) that each have a single responsibility. There are different types of automated tests like unit tests, functional tests, and behavioral tests. Automated tests have benefits like proving code works as expected, protecting against regressions, and allowing refactoring with confidence. Dependencies between code units should be managed carefully to keep code testable and decoupled. A dependency injection container can help manage object dependencies and simplify code.
Bye Bye Cowboy-Coder days! by Vytautas Dagilis.
„Working Effectively with Legacy Code“- one of the best books which talks about Unit testing and TDD. Presentation covers best practices listed in the book as well as shows which of them were successfully implemented in practice. You will find out how to commit changes and be sure that they work even without running and testing application itself.
This document discusses the benefits of unit testing and how to implement it. Some key points covered include:
- Unit testing helps ensure code works as intended, finds problems earlier, and increases developer confidence. It is especially useful for code involving money, code that has broken before, or code that is tedious to test manually.
- There are two main types of tests - unit tests that isolate small parts of an application and functional tests that ensure components work together. Mock objects are important for writing isolated unit tests.
- Benefits of testing include finding problems earlier, tests can be automated, and it ensures requirements are met. Challenges include the time needed to write tests initially.
- Continuous integration servers
In this experiential webinar, our guest Mohamed Shaaban will share with you his wide experience in Unit Testing in addition to practical techniques for unit testing your code using C#, NUnit, and Moq.
Technical debt can accumulate when teams prioritize quickly delivering features over maintaining quality. This leads to slower development and more bugs over time. Automation helps reveal technical debt through continuous integration tests, code inspections, and trend analysis. As teams automate their build, deployment, and testing processes, they often discover previously unknown issues. Both direct testing and the learning from automation efforts help teams understand and address technical debt. Managing technical debt through automation provides benefits at both the team and enterprise levels.
The document contains responses to questions about software testing terms and concepts. Key points discussed include:
- Cyclomatic complexity is a white box testing type that analyzes the complexity of code.
- Monkey testing tests software without test cases by randomly interacting with screens and inputs to find bugs.
- Severity refers to a bug's seriousness while priority refers to which bug should be fixed first.
- A login screen bug example is provided where severity is low but priority is high due to usability issues.
- System testing is a type of black box testing that tests the full application and includes functionality, regression, and performance testing.
The document discusses principles of software testing. It defines testing as identifying defects by developing test cases and test data. A test case specifies starting and ending states and events, while test data provides inputs. Different types of testing are described, including unit testing of individual components, integration testing of groups of components, and system testing of full systems. Factors like usability, performance, and user acceptance are also discussed. Who performs different types of testing is outlined.
The document outlines Moqod's quality assurance guidelines and processes. It defines a bug, sets the goal of delivering bug-free software, and establishes their quality standard as software functioning as expected by the customer. It details code review, automated testing, manual testing, and the responsibilities of QA engineers in accepting or rejecting work. Testing includes unit tests, regression tests at interim milestones, and final acceptance testing against all use cases.
Why Automated Testing Matters To DevOpsdpaulmerrill
“Automated testing is a pain in my ear! Why can’t QA get it right? Why do the tests keep breaking? And for Pete’s sake, stop blaming the infrastructure!”
…Ok, maybe you chose a different word than “ear”.
How often do you have thoughts like this? Daily?
Let’s talk about these frustrations, why they exist and how we can use them to improve our systems!
In this talk, Paul Merrill, founder and Principal Automation Engineer at Beaufort Fairmont explores why automated testing matters to DevOps. Join us to learn how automated testing can be a useful tool in the creation and release of your systems!
Introduction to Test Automation - Technology and ToolsKMS Technology
This document discusses test automation, including what it is, why it's used, different levels and approaches. It summarizes the benefits of automation over manual testing, and outlines common code-driven and GUI-driven automation techniques. It also provides an overview of popular automation tools, frameworks, and the future of automation testing as a career.
Manual testing takes more effort and cost than automated testing. It is more boring and provides limited visibility for stakeholders. Automated tests can test single units, are reusable, and provide a safety net for refactoring. They also ensure all tests are run, drive clean design, and do not create code clutter like manual tests. An initial learning curve and questions around organization and reuse may prevent developers from writing automated tests, but designating responsibility and learning tools can help overcome these issues.
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/Zkeqvl8cxGc
** Test Automation Masters Program: https://www.edureka.co/masters-program/automation-testing-engineer-training**
This Edureka PPT on "Manual Testing Interview Questions and Answers" will help you to prepare yourself for Software Testing Interviews based on manual testing. It covers manual testing interview questions for beginners, intermediate and experienced professionals. Below topics are covered in this PPT:
Top 50 manual testing interview questions
1. Beginners level questions
2. Intermediate level questions
3. Advance level questions
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
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This talk aims to summarize the typical challenges one encounters in testing mobile applications. At the ThoughtWorks Pune office we have developed multiple mobile applications across various platforms (mobile web, hybrid apps, native apps, apps for tablets etc.). In this talk we will bring together lessons learnt around mobile testing. This talk was done by Vikrant Chauhan and Dubinsky De Soares
In a device-frangmented world like ours today, it has become impossible to test all software, let alone mobile applications, manually. That's why automated testing is so important!
Find out about the top benefits of automated testing in this slideshow!
Manual testing involves manually testing software by playing the role of an end user and using test cases to ensure correct behavior. It is important early in development when automation is not possible and for testing visual elements. A test plan is a document that outlines test objectives, workflows and processes while a test case specifies conditions to determine if a feature works as intended. Both exploratory and black/white box testing have pros and cons for finding bugs. Bugzilla is a bug tracking system that helps developers manage issues.
The document discusses different types of software tests including unit tests, integration tests, acceptance tests, load tests, and performance tests. It emphasizes the importance of unit tests for validating individual code modules and classes work as intended. Writing unit tests before coding allows developers to test complex scenarios quickly, ensure code quality and readability, and refactor code with confidence.
The document discusses testing best practices for rich client applications. It outlines the challenges of testing user interfaces and interactions. It then describes different levels of testing from ad hoc to crowdsourcing. Unit testing, continuous integration, and automated functional testing are explained. The current state of testing tools for Titanium is presented along with a demo. Future directions including more automation and crowdsourced testing are envisioned.
Career in Software Testing | Skills Required for Software Test Engineer | Edu...Edureka!
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/3eOd9NTRgJo
** Test Automation Engineer Masters Program: https://www.edureka.co/masters-program/automation-testing-engineer-training **
This Edureka PPT on "Careers in Software Testing" will provide you with detailed and comprehensive knowledge of careers trends in software testing. It will guide you through the path one should take with the appropriate skills and the roles and responsibilities of Software Test Engineer. This PPT will cover the following topics:
What is Software Testing and why it is important?
Types and levels of Software Testing
Roadmap to Become a Software Testing Engineer
Job Roles
Roles and Responsibilities
Companies
Selenium playlist: https://goo.gl/NmuzXE
Selenium Blog playlist: http://bit.ly/2B7C3QR
Software Testing Blog playlist: http://bit.ly/2UXwdJm
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
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Testing Experience - Evolution of Test Automation FrameworksŁukasz Morawski
Implementing automated tests is something that everybody wants to do. If you ask
any tester, test automation is their aim. And while it may be the golden target, very
few testers take pains to assess the required knowledge, under the illusion that a
programming language or expensive tool will suffice to cope with all problems likely
to arise. This is not true. Writing good automated tests is much harder than that,
requiring knowledge this article will make clear
John Fodeh Adventures in Test Automation - EuroSTAR 2013TEST Huddle
This document discusses test automation and how it can go beyond traditional regression testing. It describes using automated "test monkeys" which randomly exercise an application to help find defects. Advanced techniques are discussed like modeling an application as a state table to guide more intelligent random testing. The document also advocates for behavior-driven testing approaches and emphasizes that successful test automation requires both technical skills and management of people issues.
The document discusses testing concepts such as code with tests vs without tests, test-oriented development, and different types of testing including unit testing, integration testing, and acceptance testing. It provides examples of test-driven development (TDD) and behavior-driven development (BDD) processes. The document also discusses tips for testing, including only testing what is necessary and identifying the appropriate types of testing for an application. Frameworks and tools for test automation and continuous integration are also mentioned.
Testers entering the Agile domain are no longer on the other side of the wall. Without the wall, the developer playground of CI is a testing smorgasbord. As an Agile Tester there are many ways to consider how to design and execute automated tests and continuously keep the pulse on quality of the builds. However when it comes to leveraging existing CI pipeline for functional and performance tests many testers may not realize that main ingredients are already built-in. This presentation will share the recipes on how to propel functional and performance automated tests with immediate test results feedback to the entire team with your existent CI engine.
Presentation is base on:
• Hudson/Jenkins CI engine
• Ruby and Rake to setup, execute and tear-down test environments
• Hpricot (Ruby gem) and Hudson plug-ins to report and trend graphical results dynamically
software testing is necessary to make sure the product or application is defect free, as per customer specifications. Software testing identifies fault whose removal increases the software Quality and Increases the software reliability.Testing effort is directly proportional to the complexity of the program.
Unit testing involves writing code to test individual units or components in isolation to determine if they are functioning as expected. Writing tests first, before production code (test-driven development or TDD) can lead to higher quality code, easier debugging, and increased confidence in changes. The TDD process involves writing a failing test, then code to pass the test, and refactoring code as needed. To apply TDD effectively, tests should focus on logical code, avoid duplications, and isolate dependencies to keep tests simple and maintainable. Both server-side and client-side code need testing, focusing on things like business rules, view models, repositories, and UI logic.
This document discusses requirements engineering and its key processes. It describes how requirements engineering involves eliciting requirements through activities like interviews and prototyping. It also involves analyzing requirements by documenting them, resolving conflicts between stakeholder needs, and validating requirements. The document stresses the importance of requirements engineering in defining a system's functionality and ensuring project success.
The document discusses various software development life cycle models, including the classical waterfall model, iterative waterfall model, and prototyping model. It provides details on the phases of each model such as feasibility study, requirements analysis, design, coding, testing, and maintenance. The classical waterfall model is presented as idealistic since it assumes no defects, while the iterative waterfall model incorporates feedback loops to allow for defects to be addressed in the phase they are introduced.
The document discusses principles of software testing. It defines testing as identifying defects by developing test cases and test data. A test case specifies starting and ending states and events, while test data provides inputs. Different types of testing are described, including unit testing of individual components, integration testing of groups of components, and system testing of full systems. Factors like usability, performance, and user acceptance are also discussed. Who performs different types of testing is outlined.
The document outlines Moqod's quality assurance guidelines and processes. It defines a bug, sets the goal of delivering bug-free software, and establishes their quality standard as software functioning as expected by the customer. It details code review, automated testing, manual testing, and the responsibilities of QA engineers in accepting or rejecting work. Testing includes unit tests, regression tests at interim milestones, and final acceptance testing against all use cases.
Why Automated Testing Matters To DevOpsdpaulmerrill
“Automated testing is a pain in my ear! Why can’t QA get it right? Why do the tests keep breaking? And for Pete’s sake, stop blaming the infrastructure!”
…Ok, maybe you chose a different word than “ear”.
How often do you have thoughts like this? Daily?
Let’s talk about these frustrations, why they exist and how we can use them to improve our systems!
In this talk, Paul Merrill, founder and Principal Automation Engineer at Beaufort Fairmont explores why automated testing matters to DevOps. Join us to learn how automated testing can be a useful tool in the creation and release of your systems!
Introduction to Test Automation - Technology and ToolsKMS Technology
This document discusses test automation, including what it is, why it's used, different levels and approaches. It summarizes the benefits of automation over manual testing, and outlines common code-driven and GUI-driven automation techniques. It also provides an overview of popular automation tools, frameworks, and the future of automation testing as a career.
Manual testing takes more effort and cost than automated testing. It is more boring and provides limited visibility for stakeholders. Automated tests can test single units, are reusable, and provide a safety net for refactoring. They also ensure all tests are run, drive clean design, and do not create code clutter like manual tests. An initial learning curve and questions around organization and reuse may prevent developers from writing automated tests, but designating responsibility and learning tools can help overcome these issues.
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/Zkeqvl8cxGc
** Test Automation Masters Program: https://www.edureka.co/masters-program/automation-testing-engineer-training**
This Edureka PPT on "Manual Testing Interview Questions and Answers" will help you to prepare yourself for Software Testing Interviews based on manual testing. It covers manual testing interview questions for beginners, intermediate and experienced professionals. Below topics are covered in this PPT:
Top 50 manual testing interview questions
1. Beginners level questions
2. Intermediate level questions
3. Advance level questions
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/edurekaIN
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
Castbox: https://castbox.fm/networks/505?country=in
This talk aims to summarize the typical challenges one encounters in testing mobile applications. At the ThoughtWorks Pune office we have developed multiple mobile applications across various platforms (mobile web, hybrid apps, native apps, apps for tablets etc.). In this talk we will bring together lessons learnt around mobile testing. This talk was done by Vikrant Chauhan and Dubinsky De Soares
In a device-frangmented world like ours today, it has become impossible to test all software, let alone mobile applications, manually. That's why automated testing is so important!
Find out about the top benefits of automated testing in this slideshow!
Manual testing involves manually testing software by playing the role of an end user and using test cases to ensure correct behavior. It is important early in development when automation is not possible and for testing visual elements. A test plan is a document that outlines test objectives, workflows and processes while a test case specifies conditions to determine if a feature works as intended. Both exploratory and black/white box testing have pros and cons for finding bugs. Bugzilla is a bug tracking system that helps developers manage issues.
The document discusses different types of software tests including unit tests, integration tests, acceptance tests, load tests, and performance tests. It emphasizes the importance of unit tests for validating individual code modules and classes work as intended. Writing unit tests before coding allows developers to test complex scenarios quickly, ensure code quality and readability, and refactor code with confidence.
The document discusses testing best practices for rich client applications. It outlines the challenges of testing user interfaces and interactions. It then describes different levels of testing from ad hoc to crowdsourcing. Unit testing, continuous integration, and automated functional testing are explained. The current state of testing tools for Titanium is presented along with a demo. Future directions including more automation and crowdsourced testing are envisioned.
Career in Software Testing | Skills Required for Software Test Engineer | Edu...Edureka!
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/3eOd9NTRgJo
** Test Automation Engineer Masters Program: https://www.edureka.co/masters-program/automation-testing-engineer-training **
This Edureka PPT on "Careers in Software Testing" will provide you with detailed and comprehensive knowledge of careers trends in software testing. It will guide you through the path one should take with the appropriate skills and the roles and responsibilities of Software Test Engineer. This PPT will cover the following topics:
What is Software Testing and why it is important?
Types and levels of Software Testing
Roadmap to Become a Software Testing Engineer
Job Roles
Roles and Responsibilities
Companies
Selenium playlist: https://goo.gl/NmuzXE
Selenium Blog playlist: http://bit.ly/2B7C3QR
Software Testing Blog playlist: http://bit.ly/2UXwdJm
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/edurekaIN
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
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Testing Experience - Evolution of Test Automation FrameworksŁukasz Morawski
Implementing automated tests is something that everybody wants to do. If you ask
any tester, test automation is their aim. And while it may be the golden target, very
few testers take pains to assess the required knowledge, under the illusion that a
programming language or expensive tool will suffice to cope with all problems likely
to arise. This is not true. Writing good automated tests is much harder than that,
requiring knowledge this article will make clear
John Fodeh Adventures in Test Automation - EuroSTAR 2013TEST Huddle
This document discusses test automation and how it can go beyond traditional regression testing. It describes using automated "test monkeys" which randomly exercise an application to help find defects. Advanced techniques are discussed like modeling an application as a state table to guide more intelligent random testing. The document also advocates for behavior-driven testing approaches and emphasizes that successful test automation requires both technical skills and management of people issues.
The document discusses testing concepts such as code with tests vs without tests, test-oriented development, and different types of testing including unit testing, integration testing, and acceptance testing. It provides examples of test-driven development (TDD) and behavior-driven development (BDD) processes. The document also discusses tips for testing, including only testing what is necessary and identifying the appropriate types of testing for an application. Frameworks and tools for test automation and continuous integration are also mentioned.
Testers entering the Agile domain are no longer on the other side of the wall. Without the wall, the developer playground of CI is a testing smorgasbord. As an Agile Tester there are many ways to consider how to design and execute automated tests and continuously keep the pulse on quality of the builds. However when it comes to leveraging existing CI pipeline for functional and performance tests many testers may not realize that main ingredients are already built-in. This presentation will share the recipes on how to propel functional and performance automated tests with immediate test results feedback to the entire team with your existent CI engine.
Presentation is base on:
• Hudson/Jenkins CI engine
• Ruby and Rake to setup, execute and tear-down test environments
• Hpricot (Ruby gem) and Hudson plug-ins to report and trend graphical results dynamically
software testing is necessary to make sure the product or application is defect free, as per customer specifications. Software testing identifies fault whose removal increases the software Quality and Increases the software reliability.Testing effort is directly proportional to the complexity of the program.
Unit testing involves writing code to test individual units or components in isolation to determine if they are functioning as expected. Writing tests first, before production code (test-driven development or TDD) can lead to higher quality code, easier debugging, and increased confidence in changes. The TDD process involves writing a failing test, then code to pass the test, and refactoring code as needed. To apply TDD effectively, tests should focus on logical code, avoid duplications, and isolate dependencies to keep tests simple and maintainable. Both server-side and client-side code need testing, focusing on things like business rules, view models, repositories, and UI logic.
This document discusses requirements engineering and its key processes. It describes how requirements engineering involves eliciting requirements through activities like interviews and prototyping. It also involves analyzing requirements by documenting them, resolving conflicts between stakeholder needs, and validating requirements. The document stresses the importance of requirements engineering in defining a system's functionality and ensuring project success.
The document discusses various software development life cycle models, including the classical waterfall model, iterative waterfall model, and prototyping model. It provides details on the phases of each model such as feasibility study, requirements analysis, design, coding, testing, and maintenance. The classical waterfall model is presented as idealistic since it assumes no defects, while the iterative waterfall model incorporates feedback loops to allow for defects to be addressed in the phase they are introduced.
Quality Management in Software Engineering SE24koolkampus
This document discusses quality management in software development. It covers quality assurance and standards, quality planning, quality control, software measurement and metrics. Quality management aims to ensure the required level of quality is achieved in software products by defining quality standards and procedures and making quality everyone's responsibility. Standards are key to effective quality management as they encapsulate best practices and provide a framework for quality assurance processes. Quality reviews and software measurement are important for quality control.
This document provides an overview of software engineering concepts including different types of software, software classification, software attributes, and common software development process models. It describes system software and application software, and distinguishes between generic/off-the-shelf software and custom software. Popular process models covered include waterfall, prototyping, and rapid application development (RAD). The waterfall model and its stages are explained in detail.
Comparison of waterfall model and prototype modelShubham Agrawal
The document compares the waterfall model and prototype model of software development. The waterfall model is a sequential process with distinct phases from conception to maintenance. It is simple but inflexible. The prototype model builds throwaway prototypes to understand requirements, allowing for user feedback and flexibility but potentially increasing complexity. Each model suits different types of projects based on requirements certainty, resources, and need for user interaction.
This document discusses different software life cycle models, including the classical waterfall model, iterative waterfall model, evolutionary model, prototyping model, and spiral model. It describes the phases and advantages and disadvantages of each. The classical waterfall model is considered theoretical while the iterative model is more practical but rigid. The evolutionary and prototyping models are useful when requirements are unclear. The spiral model subsumes other models but is complex. The appropriate model depends on the project's risks and understanding. Adhering to a model helps produce quality software systematically.
The document discusses the evolving role of software engineering and reasons for the software crisis. It notes that the nature and complexity of software has changed, requiring a move away from relying on individual experts. Additionally, many software projects fail or run over budget and schedule. Common causes include large problems, lack of training, skill shortages, and low productivity growth. The document examines historical software failures from Ariane 5 to Windows XP and argues for adopting systematic software engineering practices and processes.
The document discusses different types of system models used in requirements engineering, including context models, behavioral models, data models, and object models. It provides examples of each type of model, such as a data flow diagram of an order processing system and a state diagram for a microwave oven. The objectives are to explain why system context should be modeled, describe different modeling notations and perspectives, and discuss how computer-aided software engineering tools can support system modeling.
Comparison between waterfall model and spiral modelGalaxyy Pandey
The document compares the waterfall and spiral models of software development. It describes the phases and characteristics of each model. The waterfall model progresses through phases sequentially with no going back, while the spiral model iterates through phases and allows revisiting previous work. The key difference is that the spiral model supports changes more easily and involves customers throughout, while the waterfall model does not support changes as well and involves customers less. Choosing a model depends on factors like project size, resources, and urgency.
This document discusses various software development life cycle models. It begins by defining the software life cycle as the period from when a software product is conceived to when it is no longer available for use, typically including requirements, design, implementation, testing, installation, operation and maintenance, and retirement phases.
It then examines the "build and fix" model, waterfall model, iterative enhancement model, rapid application development model, evolutionary process model, prototyping model, spiral model, and unified process. For each model, it provides a brief overview and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. It concludes by noting that the selection of a life cycle model depends on the requirements, development team, users, and project type and associated risks.
System Models in Software Engineering SE7koolkampus
The document discusses various types of system models used in requirements engineering including context models, behavioral models, data models, object models, and how CASE workbenches support system modeling. It describes behavioral models like data flow diagrams and state machine models, data models like entity-relationship diagrams, and object models using the Unified Modeling Language. CASE tools can support modeling through features like diagram editors, repositories, and code generation.
The document discusses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), including its objectives, common phases and models. The key models described are waterfall, prototyping, spiral, RAD and agile. Waterfall is the classical sequential model but is inflexible. Prototyping and spiral address changing requirements through iterative cycles. RAD focuses on rapid development through reuse, workshops and early user testing. Agile methods emphasize speed, reduced formal processes and adaptability. The conclusion recommends RAD for mashup projects due to its support for iterative requirements changes and modular development.
The document describes different software development process models including the waterfall model, prototyping model, incremental development, spiral development, agile methods, and extreme programming. It explains each model and compares their advantages and disadvantages. The waterfall model is most appropriate when requirements are stable while agile methods are best for changing requirements but can be difficult to manage.
This document discusses software configuration management (SCM). It provides definitions of SCM from sources like IEEE standards and the SWEBOK. SCM is defined as the process of managing changes to software projects through their lifecycle. Key aspects of SCM discussed include configuration items, versions and variants, baselines, change requests, SCM tools, and the unified change management process.
software development, process model, requirement engineering, srs, structured...Ashok Mohanty
This document provides an overview of software engineering. It begins by discussing the emergence of software engineering as a discipline due to the "software crisis" of the 1970s. It then covers various software engineering processes and lifecycle models, including sequential models like waterfall and iterative models like prototyping and spiral. Requirements engineering methods like elicitation, analysis and specification are also summarized. Finally, it discusses the function-oriented and object-oriented approaches to software development.
This document outlines and compares five software development models: waterfall, iterative, V-shaped, spiral, and extreme programming. Each model is described in terms of its phases or activities, advantages, and disadvantages. The waterfall model involves sequential non-overlapping phases from requirements to maintenance. Iterative development divides a project into smaller parts with feedback between phases. The V-shaped model emphasizes testing at each stage. The spiral model performs risk analysis and prototypes in iterative loops. Extreme programming focuses on small incremental releases and pair programming. In conclusion, the author states that different models suit different projects and each tries to improve on previous limitations.
The document discusses various software process models including prescriptive models like waterfall model and incremental process model. It also covers evolutionary models like prototyping and spiral process model. Specialized models covered are component based development, formal methods model, aspect oriented development and unified process model. The key highlights are that different models are suited for different situations based on project needs and each model has advantages and disadvantages to consider.
The document discusses requirements analysis, which involves understanding customer needs and expectations for a proposed system. Requirements analysis is necessary to ensure projects align with business goals and specifications. The requirements analysis process includes identifying system boundaries, customers, eliciting requirements through stakeholder interviews, analyzing requirements, documenting requirements in a specification, and managing evolving requirements. An effective software requirements specification establishes agreement between customers and developers on system functionality.
The document discusses software project planning and size estimation techniques. It describes estimating the size of a software project using lines of code counting, function point analysis, and examples. Function point analysis involves decomposing a system into functional units like inputs, outputs, files and inquiries. Each unit is assigned a complexity weight and counted. The weighted counts are summed to calculate unadjusted function points. Adjustments are then made based on complexity factors to determine the final function point count, which can be used to estimate effort, cost and schedule for a project. Three examples are provided to illustrate calculating function points for sample projects.
This document provides a summary of requirements for a Library Management System. It includes 3 sections:
1. Introduction - Defines the purpose, scope and intended audience of the system which is to manage library processes like book borrowing online.
2. Overall Description - Outlines key product functions for administrators and users, the operating environment, user characteristics and design constraints.
3. External Interfaces - Specifies the user interface requirements including login, search and categories. Hardware and software interfaces are also listed.
The document provides a high-level overview of the essential functions, behaviors and non-functional requirements for the library management software.
The document discusses various software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, prototype, incremental, spiral, RAD, V-model, and agile models. It provides details on when each model is typically used based on factors like clear vs unclear requirements, small vs large projects, and stable vs changing requirements. It also outlines the key stages and advantages/disadvantages of each model.
The document discusses various software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, iterative, spiral, V-model, big bang, agile, RAD, and prototyping. It provides details on the typical phases and processes involved in each model as well as scenarios where each may be best applied. The key SDLC models support traditional sequential development or iterative and incremental development with customer feedback.
The document discusses different software development models. It describes the waterfall model as the oldest and most linear sequential model, where each phase must be completed before moving to the next. The phases are requirements, design, coding/implementation, testing, and maintenance. While simple, it is not suitable for complex or long-term projects where requirements may change. The incremental model allows for more flexibility and ability to change requirements by developing the product incrementally in iterations until complete.
The document provides an overview of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) including its various stages and models. The key points are:
1. SDLC is a process that consists of planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance phases to develop and maintain software.
2. The stages include planning, requirements analysis, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance.
3. Common models include waterfall, iterative, spiral, V-model, and agile. Waterfall is the earliest and most basic sequential model while iterative and agile are more flexible to changing requirements.
The document describes various software development life cycle (SDLC) models. It discusses the waterfall model, iterative model, spiral model, V-model, and big bang model. For each model, it provides an overview of the design, typical application scenarios, and pros and cons. The key stages of the waterfall model are outlined in detail, including planning, requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance.
The document discusses several common software life cycle models: the waterfall model, rapid application development (RAD) model, prototyping model, and spiral model. The waterfall model involves sequential phases from requirements to maintenance without overlap. The RAD model emphasizes rapid delivery through iterative prototyping. The prototyping model builds prototypes to refine requirements before full development. Finally, the spiral model takes a risk-driven approach to software development through iterative planning, risk analysis, and evaluations.
The document discusses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and the Waterfall model. It describes the stages of the SDLC as planning, requirements, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance. It then provides more detail on the Waterfall model, outlining its linear phases of requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, integration, and maintenance. The Waterfall model diagram is also shown. Advantages of the Waterfall model are listed as being suitable when requirements are stable and resources are available.
The document discusses various software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, prototyping, spiral, and agile models. It provides details on the phases and processes involved in each model. Specifically, it describes the spiral model in detail, noting that it consists of multiple phases or loops with each phase divided into four quadrants focusing on requirements, risk analysis, prototyping, and evaluation. The spiral model allows for frequent risk analysis and release of prototypes to help manage risks on large, complex projects.
The document describes the classical waterfall model of software development. It discusses the sequential phases of requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, integration, and maintenance. Each phase must be completed before moving to the next. While simple and easy to understand, the classical waterfall model is not well-suited for complex projects with changing requirements and has been replaced by more flexible models. However, it still provides the basis for other agile software development life cycle models.
The document discusses several software development lifecycle models, including build and fix, waterfall, incremental, rapid prototyping, spiral, and object oriented models. It provides brief descriptions of each model's phases and process. The waterfall model is described as the first published model, involving sequential phases of requirements, design, implementation, integration, and maintenance. However, it notes waterfall has limitations in responding to changing requirements. Rapid prototyping is used to help capture user requirements through a mock application. The incremental model delivers functionality in increments to get early feedback. Spiral model adds risk analysis before each phase. Object oriented models incorporate iteration, parallelism and incremental development.
SDLC-Software Development Life Cycle fundamentals /basics
The Presentation provides fundamentals of SDLC . The intent is to provide the high level overview to the readers .Details on teh SDLC process , Frameworks are provided.
Feedback for improving the contents are always welcome !
The software development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework defining tasks performed at each step in the software development process. SDLC is a structure followed by a development team within the software organization. It consists of a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain and replace specific software.
The document discusses the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) process. There are 6 major phases in the STLC model: requirement analysis, test planning, test case development, test environment setup, test execution, and test closure activities. The goal of the STLC is to ensure software quality goals are met by conducting a sequence of testing activities. Key steps include understanding requirements, creating test plans and cases, setting up testing environments, executing tests, and closing out testing upon product delivery.
Functional testing is a type of software testing that validates software functions or features based on requirements specifications. It involves testing correct and incorrect inputs to check expected behaviors and outputs. There are different types of functional testing including unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Testers write test cases based on requirements and specifications to test the functionality of software under different conditions.
The document discusses software testing and the software development life cycle (SDLC). It provides an agenda that covers topics like types of testing, test case design, bug tracking, and SDLC models. The SDLC models discussed include waterfall, V-model, spiral model, and agile development models. The document describes the phases of the waterfall model SDLC such as requirements gathering, analysis, design, coding, testing, and deployment/maintenance.
SWE-401 - 2. Software Development life cycle (SDLC)ghayour abbas
The document describes the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which is a structured process for developing software through stages including communication, requirement gathering, feasibility study, system analysis, software design, coding, testing, integration, implementation, and operation and maintenance. It also discusses several software development paradigms that guide the development process, such as waterfall, iterative, spiral, V-model, and big bang models.
List of Software Development Model and MethodsRiant Soft
RiantSoft a Software Development Company derived the most useful and different types of Software Development Model for the users who want to know the development process. RiantSoft is specialized in custom software development with latest cutting edge technologies.
This document provides an overview of software development life cycle (SDLC) models and their comparison. It discusses several SDLC models including waterfall, V-shaped, iterative, prototyping, RAD, spiral and agile. Each model is described in terms of its phases, advantages and disadvantages. The document also presents related work from other scholars and states that while agile was not fully extreme programming, using Scrum principles resulted in return on investment and lower costs. It proposes future work to identify knowledge sharing procedures and user-centered SDLC models that overcome limitations of existing approaches.
This document provides an overview of different software process models. It discusses the build and fix model, why models are needed to address issues like schedule and cost overruns. It covers process models as a "black box" and "white box" approach. Prescriptive models advocate an orderly approach and include activities like communication, planning, modeling etc. The waterfall model is described as having sequential phases of requirements, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. Limitations are noted. Incremental process models deliver software in increments. RAD aims for a very short development cycle through reuse. Evolutionary models produce increasingly complete versions through iterations, such as with prototyping, the spiral model and concurrent development.
This document provides an overview of different software process models. It discusses the build and fix model, why models are needed to address issues like schedule and cost overruns. It covers process models as a "black box" and "white box" approach. Prescriptive models advocate an orderly approach and include activities like communication, planning, modeling etc. The waterfall model is described as having sequential phases of requirements, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. Limitations are noted. Incremental process models deliver software in increments that build on each other. RAD aims for a very short development cycle through reuse. Evolutionary models produce increasingly complete versions through iterations like prototyping, the spiral model and concurrent development.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
2. If a Software was developed depends on specific
customer requirement then that software was
called as Software project.
If a software was developed by company
depends on overall requirements in the market
called as Software product.
3. Software Development Life Cycle is a process to
develop a new software.
OLD SDLC Models
1. Waterfall Model
2. Prototype Model
3.Increamental model
4. Spiral Model
5.RAD(Rapid Application Development) Model
4. When customer requirements are clear,
organization can fallow waterfall model. This is
also called as Liner sequential model. Because
one step start with after completion previous
step.
Waterfall model is the earliest SDLC approach
that was used for software development.
Waterfall model start with software Bidding
means that a proposal to develop a new
software.
6. Here software Bidding means that a new proposal to
develop a new software.
In Kick of Meeting CEO can conduct to select
Project/product Manager for current Project/product based
on PM past Experience.
Overall Plan can prepare PM for current Project/product.
Business Analyst can gather requirements and prepare
BRS(Business Requirement Specification) document.
System Analyst can analyze BRS and prepare SRS(Software
requirement Specification) for current project/product.
Technical Architect can prepare HLD(high level design) and
LLD’s(low level designs) from current project/product.
Based on LLD’s developer can write code and same
developer can debug the code called as debugging or
Testing.
7. 1.Waterfall model is a easy model to Implement
any size of project.
2.Waterfall model is sequential model due to this
reason testing should run on every module.
3. This model causes low business cost because
this model helps to find problems earlier, after
finds problems is fixing complex and costly.
4. In this model documented every stage allowing
people to understand easily.
8. 1. In waterfall model any requirement will change
in the middle of the process this model can not
be work.
2. In this model only one stage of testing is there
that to conducted by developers.
3. This model is taking more time because of it is a
sequential model, one step will be staring after
completion previous step, so we want to wait up
to completion of previous step.
9. When customer requirements are not clear
then many organizations are following this
prototype model.
In prototype model when customer
requirements are not clear that time Business
Analyst(BA) can prepare prototype screens
based on previous projects knowledge and
showing customer site people to get clear
requirements.
The process flow of Prototype model also same
as Waterfall model but in requirement gathering
stage added one extra step as shown below
process.
11. Prototype model method is employed when very
difficult to get exact requirements from the customer
that time we are using this model.
In the above diagram requirement stage Business
Analyst(BA) can prepare Prototype screens and
showing to customer site people to get clear
requirements.
12. 1. When prototype is shown to customer, he gets a
proper clarity on requirements and he can suggest the
modifications if needed.
2. Customers usually not good at specifying their
requirements , or can tell not properly what they
expect from software that time this is useful.
13. 1. Prototype model also having one stage of testing and
that to conducted by developers.
2. Too many changes can disturb the software
development process.
3. To much investment of client, is not always preferred
by the developer.
14. In incremental model multiple development stages
takes place here. Cycles are divided into smaller and
more easily managed iterations.
When customer requirements are huge organizations
are follows incremental model to develop a new
software.
Here software development will be done installment
by installment.
16. Here huge requirements are dividing into small
requirements and developing the software installment by
installment.
When customer having huge requirement and needs
quick delivery that time organizations are using
incremental model.
Advantages
This model allowing customer to change requirements
and scope modification.
Generating working software quickly.
Easy to manage iterations.
17. This model was developed by Berry Boehm.
When customer requirements are enhancing regularly
the organizations are following Spiral model.
Here customer requirements changing regularly at the
time development process.
This model is also incremental development process,
here customer given the requirements based on
satisfaction of the previous stage development process.
19. • Spiral model is a combination of iteration development
model process and linear sequential model.
• In Spiral model the total software is spitted into sprints.
• Spiral model develops the software module by module
or sprint by sprint.
Advantages
• It is allowing customer to change their requirements at
any stage of development.
• Customer site people with get the software as early as
possible if they need because software will develop
module by module.
20. It complex to use for small and low risk projects.
Large number of stages will require to complete the
software, documentation will be complex.
21. When customer requirements are similar to previous or
old projects then organizations are following this RAD
model.
This model needs minimal planning to develop this
type of software's.
To develop new software by coping the code from old
projects or products.
22. The above 5 SDLC models are having a single stage of
testing and that to conducted by developers. Due to
this reason organizations are going to use Advanced
SDLC models to release a quality software to customer.
23. This model define mapping in between multiple stages
of development and multiple stages of Testing.
Fish model is using where manufacturing will take
more loss organizations are using Fish model.
Ex: Racket launching.
25. In Fish model every stage of testing is there.
In fish model Software testing stage will be continued
with respect to software development stage.
Here BRS, SRS, Design documents verification will be
done by authors means that who prepared that
documents that people can responsible to review the
documents.
Here Business Analyst can gathering the requirements
and can prepare the BRS.
Here System Analyst can study the BRS and can
prepare the SRS.
Technical Architect can prepare the HLD and LLds
documents.
26. Here developers can write code with respect to LLD’s
and done unit testing and integration testing.
After software coding A separate testing team will test
the software.
Customer site people will responsible for acceptance
testing.
Note:
Fish model is time consuming model and costly model
.
27. This model defines mapping in between software
testing stages and software development stages.
V-model stands verification and validation.
Verification will done with respect to customer
requirements and validation will done with respect to
customer expectation.
29. Here coding will done with respect to low level design
and conducting Unit testing.
Integrating the unit tested programs and conducted
integration testing with respect to HLD.
Here software testing will done with respect to SRS
prepared by System Analyst.
Acceptance testing will done with respect to BRS
prepared by Business Analyst.
In acceptance testing customer site people can involve
and give feedback on software with respect to BRS
called as acceptance testing.
30. The testing activity is perform in the each phase of
Software Testing Life Cycle phase.
V-model shows software development stage in left side
and software testing stage in right side.
From above V-Model separate testing team is available
for software testing stage only, Because software
testing is bottle neck stage of development.
31. Agile model stands for developers develop the
deliverables and tester can test those deliverables at the
same time stakeholders can accept those deliverables.
In Agile model after accepting the deliverable only
start the next stage of testing.
In Agile model the software is developing module by
module. Means that once completion of one module ,
that module can be delivered to customer for
acceptance, if they accept that then start the next
module.
33. Agile Extreme:
When customer requirements are not clear,Small
and medium scale organizations are try to follow this
Prototype V-model and large scale companies are
following Prototype-Agile model, this is also called as
Agile Extreme model.
Agile Sprint:
when customer requirements are huge small and
medium scale companies are try to follow Incremental
V-model and large scale companies are following
Incremental- Agile model this is also called as Agile
Sprint model.
34. When customer requirements are Enhancing regularly
small and medium scale companies are following
Spiral-V-model and large scale companies are
following Spiral – Agile model also called as Agile
Scrum model.
In Agile scrum model the software is divided into
sprints and developing the software sprint by sprint is
called as Agile Scrum.
35. Requirements Gathering:
Business Analyst can gather the requirements and
can prepare the BRS and same person can review the
BRS(Business Requirement Specification) for
completeness and correctness.
Analysis:
System Analyst can prepare SRS(Software
Requirement Specification) based on BRS and same SA
can review the SRS for completeness and correctness.
Here BRS can says that what type of software to develop
and BRS can says that, that software how to develop.
36. EX:
Addition
Of Two numbers
Functional Requirements
2 Inputs
1 Operators
1 Output
Non Functional Requirements
Easy to use
Speed in processing
Run on Multi environment
BRS
SRS
37. Design:
Technical Architect(TA) can prepare HLD(high level
design) and LLD’s(low level designs) based on SRS and
the sameTA can review the document for completeness
and correctness.
EX: HLD
Login
Login
Login
Login
38. Low level designing is defining internal architecture of
a individual module. So one software having one LLD
and multiple LLD’s.
EX: LLD
Database
Error
Message
Next
screen
login
User
Password
User id
Invalid User
Valid
User
39. Review on BRS, SRS, HLD, LLD’s is called as
documents testing or Documents verification or Static
Testing.
During documents testing , corresponding people can
use three techniques, such as
1. Walkthrough
2. Inspection
3. Peer Review
1.Walkthrough: Walkthrough means that study a
document from first to last.
2.Inspection: Inspection means that searching a
document for specific factor.
40. 3.Peer review: Peer review means that comparison of
two similar documents from first to last.
These three documents testing techniques also called as
Review techniques or Verification techniques or Static
testing techniques.
41. When completion of design documents preparation
based on LLD programmer can start coding to
implement a software is called as unit programming.
While coding programmer can test every unit program
is called as unit testing.
During this unit testing programmer can use white Box
Testing technique. This is also called as Glass box
technique or Open box technique or Clear box
technique.
42. While unit testing programmer can use white box
technique, in this four phases are there.
1. Basic paths coverage: Programmer can use this
technique to conform the program is working or not.
while applying this technique on program,
programmer can follow below approach:
step1: programmer can write a program with respect to
LLD
Step2: Draw a flow graph to emulate program logic.
Step3: Find no of paths in a graphs, this is also called as
cyclomatic complexity.
Step4: Execute a program more than one to cover all
regions of program.
43. Ex:
Cyclomatic complexity means no of individual if and
else conditions in a program.
-----------------------------------
-----------------------------------
If condition then
if condition then
Statement 1
Else
Statement 2
End if
-----------------------------------
-----------------------------------
-----------------------------------
2
Cyclomatic
complexity
Run
program 2
time to
cover all
regions of
program
44. 2. Control Structure coverage: After completion of a
program execution more than one time, corresponding
programmer can use this technique to conform that
program was correctly working or not in terms of
inputs and outputs.
3. Program technique coverage: When program was
correctly working , corresponding developer can
calculate execution speed of a program.
4. Mutation coverage: programmer can use this technique
after completion of previous three techniques to
conform that program was correctly tested or not. In
that perform some modification in program and
retesting the program if retest was failed program was
correctly tested, if resting was passed program was not
correctly tested.
45. Programmer write the code with respect to LLD is
called as unit programming. and test that unit program
and integrate that unit tested programs is called as
integration.
After integration programmer can test the integrated
programs is called as integration testing.
Programmer can use 4 techniques to test the integrated
programs:
1. Top down approach
2. Bottom up approach
3.Hybrid approach
4. System approach
46. 1.Top down approach: In top down approach progra-mmer
can interconnect programs, by connecting main
program with some of sub programs because of
remaining sun programs are in under construction. In
the place of under constructive sub programs,
programmers can use temporary programs called as
stub.
Ex: Main
Sub
program
Sub
program
Stub