Software testing is a crucial process to ensure product quality, identifying defects between expected and actual results, and involves several stages from requirement gathering to post-implementation. It encompasses various testing levels such as unit testing, integration testing, and user acceptance testing, using techniques like black box and white box testing. The software testing life cycle (STLC) consists of methodical activities including test planning, execution, and verification, emphasizing the importance of skillful testers and effective communication in the process.

1. Software Testing
Presented By : Pushpendra Singh
Designation : Senior QA at Trimantra
Software solution

2. What is software testing ?
Software testing is a process to investigation about
the quality.
Or
Process of finding defect i.e. variance
between Expected and actual result.

3. Why ? What ? How? Who?
 Why to test ?
 What to test ?
 How to test ?
 Who test ?

4. Why is testing necessary ?
software testing is necessary to make sure the
product or application is defect free, as per
customer specifications.
Software testing identifies fault whose removal
increases the software Quality and Increases the
software reliability.
Testing effort is directly proportional to the
complexity of the program.

5. Why is testing necessary ?
Software should be
Error free as per requirement
Efficient
Secured

6. Start Testing-when?
Testing starts right from the requirements
phase and continues till the release time .

7. Participations in testing
 Customer
 User
 Developer
 Tester
 Auditor

8. Common problems in the
software development process ?
 Poor requirements
 Unrealistic schedule
 Features
 Miscommunication

9. Misconception
 Anyone can test software : no particular skill
is required .
 Tester can test the quality at the end of the project
 Defects found means blaming to the developers.

10. What are the skill required for testing?
Strong Desired for quality and attention to details
Ability to understand the point of customer, what
He / She want
Good understanding with developer and tester.
judgment skill
“Things to break” attitude

11. Software Development Life Cycle
(SDLC)
The seven stages of SDLC process are
 Requirement Gathering
 Analysis.
 Design
 Development
 Testing
 Implementation
 Maintenance

12. There are few recognized models.....
 Water Fall Model
 Prototype Model
 Incremental Model
 RAD (Rapid Application Development) Model
 Spiral Model
 V Model
 Agile Model
SDLC Models

13. Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)
Software Testing is not a just a single activity. It
consists of series of activities carried out
methodologically to help certify your software
product. These activities (stages) constitute the
Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC).

14.  Requirements Analysis
 Test Planning
 Test Analysis
 Test Design
 Test Construction and Verification
 Test Execution and Bug Reporting
 Final Testing and Implementation
 Post Implementation
STLC Stages

15. Verification and Validation
Requirement
review
Requirement
Functional
specification
CODE
REVIEW
Design Build
software
Code
Release For
use
Build
system
Functional
space review
Design
Review
Unit
testing
Integration
testing
System
testing
Acceptance
testing

16. Verification also known as quality assurance.
Static testing is done on this.
 Walkthrough
 Inspection
 Technical review
 Audit
Verification

17. Validation
Validation typically involves actual
testing and takes place after the
verifications are complete.
Validation determines the correctness
of a final build with respect to its
requirements.
Validation checks whether we are
building the right product.

18. Levels Of Testing
 Unit Testing
 Integration Testing
 System Testing
 User Acceptance Testing

19. Unit - smallest testable piece of software.
Unit testing is process of testing the smallest/ individual component of
program.
Unit test is a procedure used to validate that individual unit of source code
is working properly.
Before entering into the unit testing it should be gone through code review.
Tests the functionality of units.
Typically done by the developers and not by testers.
It is typically used to verify control flow, data flow
and memory leak problems.
Unit Testing

20. Functionality testing
Smoke testing
Sanity testing
Functional Testing Type

21.  Recovery Testing
 Compatibility Testing
 Configuration Testing
 Inter system Testing
 Installation Testing
 performance Testing
 Load Testing
 Stress Testing
 Data Volume Testing
Security testing
Non-Functionality Testing Type

22. Usability Testing
 Use interface (GUI)
 Manual support testing

23. Black Box and White box
Techniques
Black Box Testing
Black box testing is testing that ignores the internal
mechanism of a system or component and focuses
solely on the outputs generated in response to selected
inputs and execution conditions.
(also called as Behavioral testing, Functional testing, Data driven
testing, I/O driven testing)
White Box Testing
White box testing is testing that takes into account the
internal mechanism of a system or component.
(also called as Structural testing, Glass box testing,
Transparent-box and Clear box Testing )

24. Test Case Design methods:
 Equivalence Class partitioning method
 Boundary value analysis
 Decision Tables
 State transition testing
 Use case based testing
 Error guessing
Black box testing

25. White box Testing
Testing based on analysis of internal logic (design,
code, etc.).
White-box testing techniques apply primarily to
lower levels of testing (e.g., unit and component).
Targets to check control flow, looping, dataflow, all
the nodes and paths.
Mandatory to have a knowledge of code in which
the system is designed.

26. White Box - testing techniques
 Statement coverage
 Decision coverage
 Condition Coverage

27. Statement coverage
Execute all the statements at least once
Weakest form of coverage as it requires
every line of code to be checked ?

28. Decision coverage (Branch coverage)
Exercise all logical decision on
their true or false sides.
To test the branch we must
once
check the true condition and
once
the false condition
True
False
?

29. Condition Coverage
Execute each decision with all
possible outcomes at least once
It requires all cases.
Checks each of the ways
condition can be made true or
false

30. Condition Coverage
?
1 2
? ?
1
23
?
?
1 2 3 4

31. Cyclomatic Complexity
It is important to testers because it provides
an indication of the amount of testing.
Cyclomatic complexity is defined as
control flow graph G,
cyclomatic complexity V(G):
V(G)= E-N+2 Where
N is the number of nodes in G
E is the number of edges in G

32. Read A
IF A < 0 THEN
Print ?A negative?
ENDIF
IF A > 0 THEN
Print ?A positive?
ENDIF
Cyclomatic complexity= 3
E-N+2
8-7+2=3
Cyclomatic Complexity