D. Russo, K.-J., Stol. 2019. Soft Theory: A Pragmatic Alternative to Conduct Quantitative Empirical Studies. Proc. of the 41st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering Companion.
This document provides an introduction to research, outlining key concepts and processes. It discusses what research is, the different types of research (applied and basic), and why organizations conduct research. The main stages of the research process are identified as observation, problem identification, theoretical framework development, hypothesis formulation, research design, data collection and analysis, interpretation, and implementation. Key research design concepts like sampling, measurement, descriptive and inferential statistics are also overviewed. The document emphasizes that research is important for problem-solving, decision making, managing competition and risk, and should utilize available information technologies.
On November 30, 2015, Tom Haak of the HR Trend Institute facilitated a workshop with the global HR team of Perfetti van Melle. These are the pictures he used.
On April 20, 2016, Tom Haak of the HR Trend Institute/ Crunchr gave a presentation to the "HR Strategy" program ("HR Strateeg") of AOG, in Groningen. These are the slides he used as illustration.
This document summarizes discussions from a conference on developing science, technology and innovation indicators and policies. Key topics discussed include:
- The need for a systems approach and measuring innovation in all sectors to better inform policy.
- Collecting new data on topics like scientist mobility, refugee migration backgrounds, and knowledge flows to answer important questions.
- Involving stakeholders like scientists, engineers and citizens to understand impacts through participatory processes.
- The limits of indicators and risks of oversimplification or perverse effects from misuse of metrics like rankings.
- Making indicators more inclusive by capturing contributions from new performers and geographical or cognitive areas not traditionally included.
- Opportunities and challenges of
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on coordinating virtual work. It discusses how coordination challenges increase with distributed work. Effective coordination mechanisms depend on task uncertainty, ranging from peer-to-peer sharing for high uncertainty to standardized rules for low uncertainty. Barriers to knowledge work include lack of shared knowledge, frames of reference, and knowledge sharing and utilization. Overcoming these requires coordination mechanisms like standardized processes, roles, and collaboration tools. A sociotechnical systems framework addresses coordination through integrated strategies, structures, technology, people, and processes.
Embracing design thinking to unlock the ideas boomJason Dunstone
The document discusses how the market research industry can play a key role in the emerging "ideas boom" by embracing design thinking principles. It outlines 5 considerations for researchers: 1) Own the independent, expert consumer voice; 2) Evolve the research process using design thinking approaches; 3) Focus on agility to drive action from insights; 4) Avoid confirmation bias and encourage new perspectives; 5) Improve collaboration and education skills. The author argues that by adopting these approaches, researchers can move beyond just insights to help unlock and implement new ideas.
This document provides an introduction to research, outlining key concepts and processes. It discusses what research is, the different types of research (applied and basic), and why organizations conduct research. The main stages of the research process are identified as observation, problem identification, theoretical framework development, hypothesis formulation, research design, data collection and analysis, interpretation, and implementation. Key research design concepts like sampling, measurement, descriptive and inferential statistics are also overviewed. The document emphasizes that research is important for problem-solving, decision making, managing competition and risk, and should utilize available information technologies.
On November 30, 2015, Tom Haak of the HR Trend Institute facilitated a workshop with the global HR team of Perfetti van Melle. These are the pictures he used.
On April 20, 2016, Tom Haak of the HR Trend Institute/ Crunchr gave a presentation to the "HR Strategy" program ("HR Strateeg") of AOG, in Groningen. These are the slides he used as illustration.
This document summarizes discussions from a conference on developing science, technology and innovation indicators and policies. Key topics discussed include:
- The need for a systems approach and measuring innovation in all sectors to better inform policy.
- Collecting new data on topics like scientist mobility, refugee migration backgrounds, and knowledge flows to answer important questions.
- Involving stakeholders like scientists, engineers and citizens to understand impacts through participatory processes.
- The limits of indicators and risks of oversimplification or perverse effects from misuse of metrics like rankings.
- Making indicators more inclusive by capturing contributions from new performers and geographical or cognitive areas not traditionally included.
- Opportunities and challenges of
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on coordinating virtual work. It discusses how coordination challenges increase with distributed work. Effective coordination mechanisms depend on task uncertainty, ranging from peer-to-peer sharing for high uncertainty to standardized rules for low uncertainty. Barriers to knowledge work include lack of shared knowledge, frames of reference, and knowledge sharing and utilization. Overcoming these requires coordination mechanisms like standardized processes, roles, and collaboration tools. A sociotechnical systems framework addresses coordination through integrated strategies, structures, technology, people, and processes.
Embracing design thinking to unlock the ideas boomJason Dunstone
The document discusses how the market research industry can play a key role in the emerging "ideas boom" by embracing design thinking principles. It outlines 5 considerations for researchers: 1) Own the independent, expert consumer voice; 2) Evolve the research process using design thinking approaches; 3) Focus on agility to drive action from insights; 4) Avoid confirmation bias and encourage new perspectives; 5) Improve collaboration and education skills. The author argues that by adopting these approaches, researchers can move beyond just insights to help unlock and implement new ideas.
On November 3, 2016, Tom Haak of the HR Trend Institute conducted a workshop focused on increasing the impact of HR by making use of current trends, for a client in The Hague. These are the slides he used
On January 26, 2016, Tom Haak of the HR Trend Institute conducted a workshop with the global HR team of Ampelmann (ampelmann.nl). These are the slides he used.
The majority of organizations (54%) use people analytics to improve HR effectiveness today. Organizations more frequently rely on people analytics to improve business outcomes, organizational performance and achieve labor cost savings.
People Analytics allows HR to gain a more strategic role in the organization and clearly show its impact.
Advanced organizations use data to analyze the workforce proactively, make predictions, and create and monitor comprehensive workforce plans to achieve financial success.
HR data has become an strategic priority, but it takes efforts in order to enable the usage of it.
The document discusses new approaches for managing human interactions and collaboration in organizations. It outlines several relevant theories including socio-technical systems theory, human performance technology, and speech act theory. It also describes approaches like DEMO, role activity diagrams, and human interaction management which aim to model and support knowledge work and collaborative processes in a more flexible way compared to traditional workflow management. The key challenge is how to increase the productivity of knowledge workers and make collaboration more effective in unpredictable, dynamic environments.
This document summarizes a case study research on the success factors of digital transformation (DT) within an IT company in Germany. The study employed a qualitative case study methodology involving in-depth interviews with key stakeholders to understand their experiences and perspectives. Thematic analysis of the interview data identified several themes of success factors, including having a strong technological infrastructure to support DT initiatives, ensuring data security, adopting agile development practices, cultivating a culture of continuous innovation, and clear leadership vision and communication. However, the study was limited to a single company and did not integrate customer or broader stakeholder perspectives. Future research could explore DT success factors longitudinally and quantitatively across different contexts and industries.
Sabrina is a PhD student interested in studying agile software development teams. She needs to select a research method but is unfamiliar with the options. Dr. Who recommends Grounded Theory (GT) as a way to generate a new theory by collecting qualitative data from practitioners. However, Sabrina finds the GT literature complex. The patterns in this document provide an overview of GT procedures to help make it more accessible for software engineering researchers. They describe how to get started with GT by reading key books and examples, applying for ethics approval to collect data, and avoiding an initial hypothesis to allow theory to emerge from the data.
Tactics and Decision Making for Successful Museum Digital ProjectsAndrew Lewis
This paper discusses what tactics and decision-making mean in practice within museum digital technology projects. It offers practical suggestion for tactical approaches drawn from the author’s twelve years of experience managing digital projects and services.
Liberating Social Networking Tools For Km Aiim Info360 Mnolansearchmark
Review of the hidden benefits of Social Networking tools for KM enterprise solutions. Explanation of why business users should use social tools in the enterprise. Why Search is a great tool for connecting employees, networking.
The profile of the management (data) scientist: Potential scenarios and skill...Juan Mateos-Garcia
Big and Social Media data opens up new scenarios and opportunities for management research (such as using internal communication data to map knowledge networks inside firms, or using web data to study firm capabilities and strategies). This presentation, given at the British Academy of Management 2014 conference proposes a typology of such scenarios, describes the skills required to exploit them, and considers implications for the education and training of management researchers.
Data Science for Business Managers by TektosDataMaurício Garcia
This document summarizes a 6-hour course on data science for business managers. The course is divided into 3 modules that combine theory, case studies, and practical exercises. Module 1 covers current trends in data science and applications. Module 2 teaches fundamental data science concepts and problem types. Module 3 shows how to build and manage data-driven projects and transform businesses through data-focused product and process design. The goal is for participants to understand data science processes, manage data projects, and apply data to drive business innovation.
A Practical Guide To Mixed Methodologies For UX ResearchUXDXConf
We've all heard it. The best UX research method is the mixed-method. By combining both qualitative and quantitative data the better you can understand your users. Is there such thing as too much data?
In this session, Alina will talk through how to manage your user insights to tangible actions and plan for your team. She will talk through:
- How in Allegro user insights is collated through research, big data and behavioural sciences but what happens next;
- How to prioritise your data/insights;
- What challenges can you encounter and how to solve them; and
- What best practices she uses to ensure the team is aligned in understanding these insights.
Research project management orneitation mba ppt.pptpieteducation
This document outlines the goals and requirements for a research project. The project aims to: 1) investigate a real-world problem through collaboration with industry partners; 2) conduct original research on a sustainability or environmental topic; and 3) apply disciplinary knowledge and skills to independently research and analyze a question. Students will enhance critical thinking, research, time management, and communication skills. They will also develop an understanding of how research is used in industry.
This document provides an introduction to research methods. It discusses the differences between basic or pure research, which aims to develop general knowledge and is typically conducted in academic settings, and applied or policy-oriented research, which aims to solve practical problems and influence decision making. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are explored, as well as different research paradigms like positivism, phenomenology, and critical theory. The document also covers topics like user-centered design, components of research design, and considerations for choosing between qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Piret Tõnurist from OECD's OPSI visited Sitra Lab's HERÄÄMÖ XL breakfast event on 21.11.2019.
Piret Tõnurist, an Estonian, works for the OECD’s Observatory for Public Sector Innovation (OPSI) where she promotes practical approaches in Systems Thinking and Anticipatory Innovation Governance. Piret works internationally with public-sector partners on these topics.
ONE POINT OF VIEWPaul N. Friga and Richard B. ChapasMA.docxhopeaustin33688
ONE POINT OF VIEW
Paul N. Friga and Richard B. Chapas
MAKE BETTER BUSINESS DECISIONS
Decision-making in today’s environment is difficult, and
new managers in R&D and other technical positions are
often shocked at the lack of systematic decision-making
they find in their interactions with upper management
and their peers in other parts of the organization.
However, there is a well-tested source of insight into how
to improve the decision-making in business: the scien-
tific method. Although it has revolutionized our lives and
the ability to manipulate our material world, the scien-
tific method has not been widely adapted for business
executives. Nevertheless, we believe it can improve the
efficiency and effectiveness of decision-making for
executives, research managers, and business leaders in
general.
In this article, we first examine the typical decision-
making environment in organizations, highlighting the
challenges executives face in their quest for better per-
formance. Next, we introduce some of the basic tenets
from the scientific method and describe how they can
play a role in overcoming several of the key decision-
making deficiencies. We then describe a five-step
process that can assist in the implementation of scientific
method techniques in daily decision-making, illustrated
by a case study relating to new technology develop-
ment.
Challenges Executives Face
Three key macro-level elements that differentiate the
daily decision-making of today include information
overload, shareholder pressure, and shortened business
cycle time:
• The search tools in use for problem solving by execu-
tives at most companies today yield a quantity of infor-
mation that can be overwhelming. This situation has
increased the importance of knowledge management
skills to sort the data, identify what is truly relevant, and
then to create value from it.
• Shareholder pressure, a result of the rise in worldwide
capital markets, has led to a relentless drive to achieve
short-term financial results, often at the expense of long-
term considerations. A number of well-known corporate
failures may have resulted from the pressure to achieve
consistent growth at any cost.
• Finally, the time-to-market and overall business cycles
have shortened to a level unimaginable 50 years ago.
Decisions must be made faster than ever before (1).
Ultimately, decision-making is done on an individual
level. Alarmingly, much of the research suggests that
humans are extremely limited in their decision-making
Paul Friga was clinical associate professor of strategic
management at the Kelley School of Business at
Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, when this
article was written. He is now a professor at the
Kenen-Flager School of Business, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina. He researches strategic decision-making,
knowledge transfer, intuition, management consulting
practices, and entrepreneurship. His work has been
published in The Academy of Management Learning
and Educa.
When building a data team from scratch or inheriting an existing team, there are plenty of questions to ask when thinking about how to successfully deliver on our mission to the company. Should data engineering be part of the data organization or does it sit better with the engineering team? Data scientist is a job title that means a lot of different things to different companies, what does it mean to us? Are we aligned around platforms or functions? What's our strategy around data governance and compliance? And that's just to name a few.
This talk will present some insights from prior experience on structuring data teams, both at startups and larger legacy organizations, covering examples that have been both successful and not so successful, and lessons learned in each case.
On November 3, 2016, Tom Haak of the HR Trend Institute conducted a workshop focused on increasing the impact of HR by making use of current trends, for a client in The Hague. These are the slides he used
On January 26, 2016, Tom Haak of the HR Trend Institute conducted a workshop with the global HR team of Ampelmann (ampelmann.nl). These are the slides he used.
The majority of organizations (54%) use people analytics to improve HR effectiveness today. Organizations more frequently rely on people analytics to improve business outcomes, organizational performance and achieve labor cost savings.
People Analytics allows HR to gain a more strategic role in the organization and clearly show its impact.
Advanced organizations use data to analyze the workforce proactively, make predictions, and create and monitor comprehensive workforce plans to achieve financial success.
HR data has become an strategic priority, but it takes efforts in order to enable the usage of it.
The document discusses new approaches for managing human interactions and collaboration in organizations. It outlines several relevant theories including socio-technical systems theory, human performance technology, and speech act theory. It also describes approaches like DEMO, role activity diagrams, and human interaction management which aim to model and support knowledge work and collaborative processes in a more flexible way compared to traditional workflow management. The key challenge is how to increase the productivity of knowledge workers and make collaboration more effective in unpredictable, dynamic environments.
This document summarizes a case study research on the success factors of digital transformation (DT) within an IT company in Germany. The study employed a qualitative case study methodology involving in-depth interviews with key stakeholders to understand their experiences and perspectives. Thematic analysis of the interview data identified several themes of success factors, including having a strong technological infrastructure to support DT initiatives, ensuring data security, adopting agile development practices, cultivating a culture of continuous innovation, and clear leadership vision and communication. However, the study was limited to a single company and did not integrate customer or broader stakeholder perspectives. Future research could explore DT success factors longitudinally and quantitatively across different contexts and industries.
Sabrina is a PhD student interested in studying agile software development teams. She needs to select a research method but is unfamiliar with the options. Dr. Who recommends Grounded Theory (GT) as a way to generate a new theory by collecting qualitative data from practitioners. However, Sabrina finds the GT literature complex. The patterns in this document provide an overview of GT procedures to help make it more accessible for software engineering researchers. They describe how to get started with GT by reading key books and examples, applying for ethics approval to collect data, and avoiding an initial hypothesis to allow theory to emerge from the data.
Tactics and Decision Making for Successful Museum Digital ProjectsAndrew Lewis
This paper discusses what tactics and decision-making mean in practice within museum digital technology projects. It offers practical suggestion for tactical approaches drawn from the author’s twelve years of experience managing digital projects and services.
Liberating Social Networking Tools For Km Aiim Info360 Mnolansearchmark
Review of the hidden benefits of Social Networking tools for KM enterprise solutions. Explanation of why business users should use social tools in the enterprise. Why Search is a great tool for connecting employees, networking.
The profile of the management (data) scientist: Potential scenarios and skill...Juan Mateos-Garcia
Big and Social Media data opens up new scenarios and opportunities for management research (such as using internal communication data to map knowledge networks inside firms, or using web data to study firm capabilities and strategies). This presentation, given at the British Academy of Management 2014 conference proposes a typology of such scenarios, describes the skills required to exploit them, and considers implications for the education and training of management researchers.
Data Science for Business Managers by TektosDataMaurício Garcia
This document summarizes a 6-hour course on data science for business managers. The course is divided into 3 modules that combine theory, case studies, and practical exercises. Module 1 covers current trends in data science and applications. Module 2 teaches fundamental data science concepts and problem types. Module 3 shows how to build and manage data-driven projects and transform businesses through data-focused product and process design. The goal is for participants to understand data science processes, manage data projects, and apply data to drive business innovation.
A Practical Guide To Mixed Methodologies For UX ResearchUXDXConf
We've all heard it. The best UX research method is the mixed-method. By combining both qualitative and quantitative data the better you can understand your users. Is there such thing as too much data?
In this session, Alina will talk through how to manage your user insights to tangible actions and plan for your team. She will talk through:
- How in Allegro user insights is collated through research, big data and behavioural sciences but what happens next;
- How to prioritise your data/insights;
- What challenges can you encounter and how to solve them; and
- What best practices she uses to ensure the team is aligned in understanding these insights.
Research project management orneitation mba ppt.pptpieteducation
This document outlines the goals and requirements for a research project. The project aims to: 1) investigate a real-world problem through collaboration with industry partners; 2) conduct original research on a sustainability or environmental topic; and 3) apply disciplinary knowledge and skills to independently research and analyze a question. Students will enhance critical thinking, research, time management, and communication skills. They will also develop an understanding of how research is used in industry.
This document provides an introduction to research methods. It discusses the differences between basic or pure research, which aims to develop general knowledge and is typically conducted in academic settings, and applied or policy-oriented research, which aims to solve practical problems and influence decision making. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are explored, as well as different research paradigms like positivism, phenomenology, and critical theory. The document also covers topics like user-centered design, components of research design, and considerations for choosing between qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Piret Tõnurist from OECD's OPSI visited Sitra Lab's HERÄÄMÖ XL breakfast event on 21.11.2019.
Piret Tõnurist, an Estonian, works for the OECD’s Observatory for Public Sector Innovation (OPSI) where she promotes practical approaches in Systems Thinking and Anticipatory Innovation Governance. Piret works internationally with public-sector partners on these topics.
ONE POINT OF VIEWPaul N. Friga and Richard B. ChapasMA.docxhopeaustin33688
ONE POINT OF VIEW
Paul N. Friga and Richard B. Chapas
MAKE BETTER BUSINESS DECISIONS
Decision-making in today’s environment is difficult, and
new managers in R&D and other technical positions are
often shocked at the lack of systematic decision-making
they find in their interactions with upper management
and their peers in other parts of the organization.
However, there is a well-tested source of insight into how
to improve the decision-making in business: the scien-
tific method. Although it has revolutionized our lives and
the ability to manipulate our material world, the scien-
tific method has not been widely adapted for business
executives. Nevertheless, we believe it can improve the
efficiency and effectiveness of decision-making for
executives, research managers, and business leaders in
general.
In this article, we first examine the typical decision-
making environment in organizations, highlighting the
challenges executives face in their quest for better per-
formance. Next, we introduce some of the basic tenets
from the scientific method and describe how they can
play a role in overcoming several of the key decision-
making deficiencies. We then describe a five-step
process that can assist in the implementation of scientific
method techniques in daily decision-making, illustrated
by a case study relating to new technology develop-
ment.
Challenges Executives Face
Three key macro-level elements that differentiate the
daily decision-making of today include information
overload, shareholder pressure, and shortened business
cycle time:
• The search tools in use for problem solving by execu-
tives at most companies today yield a quantity of infor-
mation that can be overwhelming. This situation has
increased the importance of knowledge management
skills to sort the data, identify what is truly relevant, and
then to create value from it.
• Shareholder pressure, a result of the rise in worldwide
capital markets, has led to a relentless drive to achieve
short-term financial results, often at the expense of long-
term considerations. A number of well-known corporate
failures may have resulted from the pressure to achieve
consistent growth at any cost.
• Finally, the time-to-market and overall business cycles
have shortened to a level unimaginable 50 years ago.
Decisions must be made faster than ever before (1).
Ultimately, decision-making is done on an individual
level. Alarmingly, much of the research suggests that
humans are extremely limited in their decision-making
Paul Friga was clinical associate professor of strategic
management at the Kelley School of Business at
Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, when this
article was written. He is now a professor at the
Kenen-Flager School of Business, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina. He researches strategic decision-making,
knowledge transfer, intuition, management consulting
practices, and entrepreneurship. His work has been
published in The Academy of Management Learning
and Educa.
When building a data team from scratch or inheriting an existing team, there are plenty of questions to ask when thinking about how to successfully deliver on our mission to the company. Should data engineering be part of the data organization or does it sit better with the engineering team? Data scientist is a job title that means a lot of different things to different companies, what does it mean to us? Are we aligned around platforms or functions? What's our strategy around data governance and compliance? And that's just to name a few.
This talk will present some insights from prior experience on structuring data teams, both at startups and larger legacy organizations, covering examples that have been both successful and not so successful, and lessons learned in each case.
Similar to Soft Theory: A Pragmatic Alternative to Conduct Quantitative Empirical Studies (20)
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In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
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These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Soft Theory: A Pragmatic Alternative to Conduct Quantitative Empirical Studies
1. SOFT THEORY: A PRAGMATIC ALTERNATIVE TO
CONDUCT QUANTITATIVE EMPIRICAL STUDIES
Daniel Russo* & Klaas-Jan Stol
2. HOW TO DEAL WITH EMERGENT
PHENOMENA USING QUANTITATIVE
DATA?
ESPECIALLY IN INDUSTRY SETTINGS?
3. TYPICAL QUESTIONS
➤ Where should I start?
➤ How to minimise practitioners
efforts?
➤ How to design my research in
a ‘sustainable’ way?
➤ How can I investigate it in a
credible way?
➤ How can I convey
community’s discussion on
my topic?
5. SOFT THEORY HARD THEORY
Context New research phenomena Well known subject matter
Goal Preliminary understanding
Confirm & Extend SE
theories
Outcome Conceptual models Causation-based model
Example
Why episodic volunteers
contribute to FLOSS projects
Software cost estimation
(COCOMO I & II)
6. Dinesh Batra, 2018. Agile values or plan-driven aspects: Which factor contributes more toward the success of data
warehousing, business intelligence, and analytics project development?, Journal of Systems and Software, V. 146, pp.
249-262
For example…
9. Data Analysis Aim Methods Example
Descriptive
Description of a
data set
Univariate
State of Agile
(VersionOne)
Exploratory Find relationships Correlation
SW metrics & B.
indicators
Inferential Hypotesis testing Regression
Defect decrease
with code reviews
Predictive Hypotesis testing Regression
Defect prediction
in NASA’s data
Causal
Causal
relationships
Controlled
experiment
Tools decreases
bugs
Mechanistic Exact relationship
Experiments w.
determ. equations
COCOMO
10. CONCLUSIONS
➤ Don’t use hard theory
approaches if there is little
knowledge available
➤ Use research instruments
which provide rich insights
from little knowledge
➤ Soft theory techniques are
robust models which provide
insightful understanding of
new phenomena
➤ Be consistent with the
approach and avoid wrong
claims