The document discusses sociotechnical systems and people-process-technology interactions in health informatics. It covers topics like unintended consequences of health IT, change management of health IT projects, user involvement in design, and foundations of user interface design. Key aspects of successful health IT implementations discussed include communication, workflow changes, training, and addressing change resistance.
June presentations org_adoption_learning_analyticsShane Dawson
Learning analytics (LA) has been touted as a game changer for education. The rapidly growing literature associated with the field serves to promote this fervour in citing the vast impact LA can and will play in the education space. From the detection of at-risk students to address retention and performance, building self-regulated learning, development and identification of 21st Century literacies to the realisation of personalised learning, there appears little that LA cannot contribute to within learning and teaching practice. However, if LA is such an impactful, desirable and worthy endeavour that can effectively improve learning, and our understanding of the learning process, why are there so few examples of institutional LA adoption?
June presentations org_adoption_learning_analyticsShane Dawson
Learning analytics (LA) has been touted as a game changer for education. The rapidly growing literature associated with the field serves to promote this fervour in citing the vast impact LA can and will play in the education space. From the detection of at-risk students to address retention and performance, building self-regulated learning, development and identification of 21st Century literacies to the realisation of personalised learning, there appears little that LA cannot contribute to within learning and teaching practice. However, if LA is such an impactful, desirable and worthy endeavour that can effectively improve learning, and our understanding of the learning process, why are there so few examples of institutional LA adoption?
Theera-Ampornpunt N. Quality and regulatory compliance in health care. Presented at: Faculty of ICT, Mahidol University; 2012 Mar 13; Bangkok, Thailand.
Presented at the 7th Healthcare CIO Certificate Program, Hospital Administration School, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University on September 15, 2016
Presented at the Health Informatics and Health Information Technology Course, Doctor of Philosophy and Master of Science Programs in Data Science for Health Care (International Program), Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University on October 12, 2017
Case Studies in Health IT Implementation & Sociotechnical Aspect of Health In...Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the 7th Healthcare CIO Certificate Program, Hospital Administration School, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University on September 15, 2016
People & Organizational Issues in Health IT Implementation (February 24, 2021)Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the 11th Healthcare CIO Certificate Program, School of Hospital Management, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on February 24, 2021
People & Organizational Issues in Health IT Implementation (February 26, 2020)Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the 10th Healthcare CIO Certificate Program, Ramathibodi School of Hospital Management, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on February 19, 2020
Presented at the 8th Healthcare CIO Certificate Program, Ramathibodi Hospital Administration School, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University on March 13, 2018
Information Technology Management in Healthcare Organizations: Part 2 (Octobe...Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy Programs in Data Science for Healthcare and Clinical Informatics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on October 20, 2021
IT Governance & Management in Healthcare Organizations: Part 2 (October 16, 2...Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the Data Science for Healthcare Graduate Programs, Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on October 16, 2019
IT Governance & Management in Healthcare Organizations: Part 2 (October 19, 2...Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy Programs in Data Science for Healthcare and Clinical Informatics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on October 19, 2020
For internal meeting of the Executive Committee of Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Theera-Ampornpunt N. Quality and regulatory compliance in health care. Presented at: Faculty of ICT, Mahidol University; 2012 Mar 13; Bangkok, Thailand.
Presented at the 7th Healthcare CIO Certificate Program, Hospital Administration School, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University on September 15, 2016
Presented at the Health Informatics and Health Information Technology Course, Doctor of Philosophy and Master of Science Programs in Data Science for Health Care (International Program), Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University on October 12, 2017
Case Studies in Health IT Implementation & Sociotechnical Aspect of Health In...Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the 7th Healthcare CIO Certificate Program, Hospital Administration School, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University on September 15, 2016
People & Organizational Issues in Health IT Implementation (February 24, 2021)Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the 11th Healthcare CIO Certificate Program, School of Hospital Management, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on February 24, 2021
People & Organizational Issues in Health IT Implementation (February 26, 2020)Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the 10th Healthcare CIO Certificate Program, Ramathibodi School of Hospital Management, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on February 19, 2020
Presented at the 8th Healthcare CIO Certificate Program, Ramathibodi Hospital Administration School, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University on March 13, 2018
Information Technology Management in Healthcare Organizations: Part 2 (Octobe...Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy Programs in Data Science for Healthcare and Clinical Informatics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on October 20, 2021
IT Governance & Management in Healthcare Organizations: Part 2 (October 16, 2...Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the Data Science for Healthcare Graduate Programs, Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on October 16, 2019
IT Governance & Management in Healthcare Organizations: Part 2 (October 19, 2...Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy Programs in Data Science for Healthcare and Clinical Informatics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on October 19, 2020
For internal meeting of the Executive Committee of Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Systems Thinking in Public Health for Continuous Quality ImprovementCameron Norman
Opening presentation at the first meeting on CQI in Public Health in Ontario, held at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto. Practitioners from across the province gathered to learn more about quality assurance measures, metrics, theories and ideas. This presentation provides a simple overview of systems thinking as it might apply to CQI in public health. This simple overview looks at the nature of systems, how they apply to CQI, how design thinking and developmental design can aid public health in creating relevant, appropriate means of quality assessment in its work.
Similar to Sociotechnical Aspect of Health Informatics (20)
Presented at the BDMS Golden Jubilee Scientific Conference 2022 "BDMS Beyond 50 years: Looking towards the centennial," Bangkok Dusit Medical Services Public Company Limited (BDMS), Bangkok, Thailand on October 19, 2022
Presented at The Thai Medical Informatics Association Annual Conference and The National Conference on Medical Informatics (TMI-NCMedInfo) 2021, Bangkok, Thailand on November 26, 2021
Presented at the Master of Science Program in Medical Epidemiology and the Doctor of Philosophy Program in Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on November 25, 2021
Presented at the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy Programs in Data Science for Healthcare and Clinical Informatics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on November 15, 2021
Consumer Health Informatics, Mobile Health, and Social Media for Health: Part...Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy Programs in Data Science for Healthcare and Clinical Informatics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on November 10, 2021
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
2. 2
Sociotechnical Systems
• Coined in 1960s by Eric Trist, Ken Bamforth &
Fred Emery
• “An approach to complex organizational work
design that recognizes the interaction
between people and technology in
workplaces.” (Wikipedia)
• “Interaction between society's complex
infrastructures and human behaviour.”
(Wikipedia)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociotechnical_system
4. 4
“People & Organizational Issues” (POI)
• POI focuses on interactions between people
and technology, including designing,
implementing, and deploying safe and usable
health information systems and technology.
• AMIA POIWG addresses issues such as
– How systems change us and our social and clinical
environments
– How we should change them
– What we need to do to take the fullest advantage of
them to improve [...] health and health care.
– Our members strive to understand,
evaluate, and improve human-computer
and socio-technical interactions.
http://www.amia.org/programs/working-groups/people-and-organizational-issues
5. 5
“People & Organizational Issues” (POI)
• We bring varied perspectives, methods, and tools
from
– Humanities, Social science, Cognitive science
– Computer science and informatics
– Business disciplines
– Patient safety
– Workflow
– Collaborative work and decision-making
– Human-computer interaction & Usability
– Human factors
– Project and change management
– Adoption and diffusion of innovations
– Unintended consequences
– Policy.
http://www.amia.org/programs/working-groups/people-and-organizational-issues
6. 6
Common Themes in Informatics
Produced based on speaker’s personal opinion. Not based on real raw data.
8. 8
Health IT Successes & Failures
What success is
• Different ideas and definitions of success
• Need more understanding of different stakeholder
views & more longitudinal and qualitative studies
of failure
What makes it so hard
• Communication, Workflow, & Quality
• Difficulties of communicating across different
groups makes it harder to identify requirements
and understand workflow
Kaplan & Harris-Salamone (2009)
9. 9
Health IT Successes & Failures
What We Know—Lessons from Experience
• Provide incentives, remove disincentives
• Identify and mitigate risks
• Allow resources and time for training, exposure,
and learning to input data
• Learn from the past and from others
Kaplan & Harris-Salamone (2009)
15. 15
Considerations for a successful
implementation of CPOE
Ash et al. (2003)
Considerations
Motivation for implementation
CPOE vision, leadership, and personnel
Costs
Integration: Workflow, health care processes
Value to users/Decision support systems
Project management and staging of implementation
Technology
Training and Support 24 x 7
Learning/Evaluation/Improvement
16. 16
Minimizing MD’s Change Resistance
• Involve physician champions
• Create a sense of ownership through
communications & involvement
• Understand their values
• Be attentive to climate in the organization
• Provide adequate training & support
Riley & Lorenzi (1995)
17. 17
Reasons for User Involvement
• Better understanding of needs & requirements
• Leveraging user expertise about their tasks &
how organization functions
• Assess importance of specific features for
prioritization
• Users better understand project, develop realistic
expectations
• Venues for negotiation, conflict resolution
• Sense of ownership
• Pare & Sicotte (2006): Physician ownership
important for clinical information systems
Ives & Olson (1984)
18. 18
The Missing Piece in IT Adoption
Theera-Ampornpunt (2011)
Technological Sophistication
Functional Sophistication
Integration Sophistication
Managerial Sophistication
Proposed Addition
19. 19
Critical Success Factors in Health IT Projects
Theera-Ampornpunt (2011)
Communications of plans & progresses
Physician & non-physician user involvement
Attention to workflow changes
Well-executed project management
Adequate user training
Organizational learning
Organizational innovativeness
20. 20
Theory of Hospital Adoption of
Information Systems (THAIS)
Theera-Ampornpunt (2011)
22. 22
The “Special People”
Ash et al. (2003)
• Administrative
Leadership Level
– CEO
• Provides top
level support and
vision
• Holds steadfast
• Connects with
the staff
• Listens
• Champions
– CIO
• Selects champions
• Gains support
• Possesses vision
• Maintains a thick skin
– CMIO
• Interprets
• Possesses vision
• Maintains a thick skin
• Influences peers
• Supports the clinical
support staff
• Champions
23. 23
The “Special People”
Ash et al. (2003)
• Clinical Leadership
Level
– Champions
• Necessary
• Hold steadfast
• Influence peers
• Understand other
physicians
– Opinion leaders
• Provide a balanced
view
• Influence peers
– Curmudgeons
• “Skeptic who is
usually quite vocal
in his or her disdain
of the system”
• Provide feedback
• Furnish leadership
– Clinical advisory
committees
• Solve problems
• Connect units
24. 24
The “Special People”
Ash et al. (2003)
• Bridger/Support level
– Trainers &
support team
• Necessary
• Provide help at the
elbow
• Make changes
• Provide training
• Test the systems
– Skills
• Possess clinical
backgrounds
• Gain skills on the
job
• Show patience,
tenacity, and
assertiveness
25. 25
Unintended Consequences of Health IT
• “Unanticipated and unwanted effect of
health IT implementation” (ucguide.org)
• Must-read resources
– www.ucguide.org
– Ash et al. (2004)
– Campbell et al. (2006)
– Koppel et al. (2005)
27. 27
Unintended Consequences of Health IT
• Errors in the process of entering and
retrieving information
– A human-computer interface that is not suitable
for a highly interruptive use context
– Causing cognitive overload by
overemphasizing structured and “complete”
information entry or retrieval
• Structure
• Fragmentation
• Overcompleteness
Ash et al. (2004)
28. 28
Unintended Consequences of Health IT
• Errors in the communication and
coordination process
– Misrepresenting collective, interactive work as
a linear, clearcut, and predictable workflow
• Inflexibility
• Urgency
• Workarounds
• Transfers of patients
– Misrepresenting communication as information
transfer
• Loss of communication
• Loss of feedback
• Decision support overload
• Catching errors
Ash et al. (2004)
29. 29
Unintended Consequences of Health IT
• Errors in the communication and
coordination process
– Misrepresenting collective, interactive work as
a linear, clearcut, and predictable workflow
• Inflexibility
• Urgency
• Workarounds
• Transfers of patients
– Misrepresenting communication as information
transfer
• Loss of communication
• Loss of feedback
• Decision support overload
• Catching errors
Ash et al. (2004)
34. 34
34
How do I open
the door?
Door #1
From University of Minnesota CS 5115 User interface design class (2008) by Loren Terveen
35. 35
35
How do I open
the door?
Door #2
From University of Minnesota CS 5115 User interface design class (2008) by Loren Terveen
36. 36
36
Back to door #1
Door #1
From University of Minnesota CS 5115 User interface design class (2008) by Loren Terveen
37. 37
37
Back to door #2
Door #2
From University of Minnesota CS 5115 User interface design class (2008) by Loren Terveen
38. 38
38
How do I open
the door?
Door #3
From University of Minnesota CS 5115 User interface design class (2008) by Loren Terveen
39. 39
39
Door #3
No instructions needed!
From University of Minnesota CS 5115 User interface design class (2008) by Loren Terveen
40. 40
Design Principles
• “Instructions/explanations are a sign of
failure!”
• Visibility
• Affordances
• Promoting recognition over recall
From University of Minnesota CS 5115 User interface design class (2008) by Loren Terveen
41. 41
Human-Computer Interaction
• “A discipline concerned with the design,
evaluation and implementation of
interactive computing systems for human
use”
• Interdisciplinary
– Computer Science; Psychology; Sociology;
Anthropology; Visual and Industrial Design; …
design
implementationevaluation
From University of Minnesota CS 5115 User interface design class (2008) by Loren Terveen
42. 42
42
Foundations of UI Design (1)
• Human psychology
– Short-term & long-term memory
– Problem-solving
– Attention
• Design principles
– Conceptual models; knowledge in the world;
visibility; feedback; mappings; constraints;
affordances
From University of Minnesota CS 5115 User interface design class (2008) by Loren Terveen
43. 43
43
Foundations of UI Design (2)
• Understanding users and tasks
– Tasks, task analysis, scenarios
– Contextual inquiry
– Personas
• User-centered design
– Low, medium, and high-fidelity prototypes
– visual design principles
• Evaluating designs
– Without users: cognitive walkthroughs; heuristic
evaluation; action analysis
– With users: qualitative and quantitative methods
From University of Minnesota CS 5115 User interface design class (2008) by Loren Terveen
44. 44
Human Factors
• “The study of designing equipment and
devices that fit the human body and its
cognitive abilities” (Wikipedia)
• Also known as “Ergonomics”
• Specialties
– Physical ergonomics
– Cognitive ergonomics (including HCI)
– Organizational ergonomics (including
workplace design)
– Environmental ergonomics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_factors_and_ergonomics
45. 45
Usability
• “Refers to how well users can learn and
use a product to achieve their goals and
how satisfied they are with that process”
(Usability.gov)
• “The ease of use and learnability of a
human-made object” (Wikipedia)
• “The extent to which a product can be used
by specified users to achieve specified
goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and
satisfaction in a specified context of use
(ISO)
• Key methodology: user-centered design
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usability
46. 46
Usability & Usable Systems
• Usefulness = Usability + Utility (Jakob Nielsen)
• Dimensions of usability
– Learnability: How easy it is for users to accomplish
basic tasks the first time?
– Efficiency: Once learned, how quickly can users
perform tasks?
– Memorability: When returned after a period of non-
use, how easily can users re-establish proficiency?
– Errors: Frequency, severity, recoverability
– Satisfaction: How pleasant it is to use?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usability http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20030825.html
47. 47
User Experience
• “The way a person feels about using a
product, system or service” (Wikipedia)
• Focuses on the feelings and perceptions of
users
• Subjective
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_experience
50. 50
HCI & Usability Resources
• Usability.gov
• Useit.com
• Edwardtufte.com
• National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST)
– http://www.nist.gov/healthcare/usability/index
.cfm
– Technical Evaluation, Testing, and Validation
of the Usability of Electronic Health Records
– NIST Guide to the Processes Approach for
Improving the Usability of Electronic Health
Records
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_experience
51. “Most people make the mistake of thinking
design is what it looks like. People think
it’s this veneer – that the designers are
handed this box and told, ‘Make it look
good!’ That’s not what we think design is.
It’s not just what it looks like and feels like.
Design is how it works.” – Steve Jobs
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs
52. 52
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