The document discusses gender stratification and inequality between men and women. It summarizes key points from Holly Valenzuela's upcoming presentation on gender, which will cover: 1) Gender inequality, differences between males and females, and how gender roles vary globally. 2) Gender refers to social positions attached to being male or female, and gender is a social hierarchy that ranks men and women differently. 3) The presentation will examine studies showing variation in masculine and feminine roles across different societies, such as the Israeli Kibbutz, Margaret Mead's research in New Guinea, and George Murdock's study of over 200 pre-industrial societies.

1. CHAPTER 13
GENDER STRATIFICATION
SOCI ET Y
GE ND ER IS MOR E THAN TH E DI FFER ENCES IN TH E WAYS
AT TE R OF
EX PECTS WOM EN AND M EN TO BE HAVE . IT IS A M
S OF
SOCI AL ST RATI FI CATION AND PLAC ING M EN IN POSI TION
POW ER OV ER WOM EN .

2. HOLLY VALENZUELA
SHE WILL BE SPEAKING ABOUT GENDER INEQUALITY, MALE
AND FEMALE DIFFERENCES AND GENDER IN GLOBAL
PERSPECTIVE
H o w is ge n de r di ff eren t a ro un d th e wor ld?

3. GENDER AND INEQUALITY
Gender refers to the personal trait and social positions that
members of a society attach to being a female or male
Gender is a dimension of social organization
Gender is also a hierarchy, it ranks men and women differently
depending on power, wealth and many other things
Because of this hierarchy sociologists speak of gender stratification
which is the unequal distribution of wealth, power and privilege
bet ween men and women
Gender affects the opportunities and challenges we face in our
lives

4. MALE-FEMALE
DIFFERENCES
In 1848 women were not allowed to vote because people assumed they were not
smart enough to vote and make that important decision; people also believed that
women were not good enough to run against men, but data has shown women are
not that far from beating men in race
Women not being able to vote was something the American culture came up with
but there are things that are different but biologically.
There are differences with physical ability; males are 10% taller, 20%
heavier and 30 % stronger
Women beat men in the game of life because on average women live to
about 80 years old while men live to be about 75.
Males often do better in math, and females in verbal skills BUT there is
no difference in overall intelligence. Men are not smarter than women
and women are not smarter than men.

5. GENDER IN GLOBAL
PERSPECTIVE
Here I will explain three studies that show how
masculine and feminine are different around the
world

7. The Israeli Kibbutz
The kibbutz is a communal settlement in Israel. Here
the male and female gender is equal. Here their goal is
for both sexes to share in work and decision making
Women and men share duties such as: military, taking
care of children, repairing building and providing
armed security
Girls and boys are raised in the same way but separate
from parents
The women have achieved a remarkable social
equality

8. Margaret Mead’s Research
Anthropologist Margaret Mead researched gender. Mead studied
three societies in New Guinea
The first being the Arapesh; the men and women shared the same
attitude and behavior. She labeled their culture as feminine
The Mundugumor society headhunted and practiced cannibalism,
both males and females were aggressive and selfish, so Mead
established their society as masculine
The final researched included the Tchambuli, here she discovered
that they defined males and females differently. Females were
dominant while males were submissive and emotional.

9. George Murdock’s Research
This is from another man’s research. A man named George Murdock did
researched on more than 200 preindustrial societies. He concluded that in every
society men and women were put into different positions due to their physical
characteristics.
Because men were stronger they were suppose to the hunting and protecting,
and since women did the child bearing most of the work should be at home.
But nothing was set in stone because when you didn’t need to be strong or
nurturing the work would be for either male or females. For example farming
building shelter and tattooing the body. Societies are likely to chose one sex or
the other.

11. STEPHANIE
SHE WILL BE SPEAKING ABOUT PATRIARCHY AND
SEXISM?
Are wom en gi ve n th e same opp ortu n it y a s
men?

12. Patriarchy and Sexism