This document outlines several sociological perspectives: evolutionary, functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. The evolutionary perspective examines how society has changed over time, focusing on the development of customs and institutions. The functionalist perspective views institutions as integral to society and analyzes how they work together to maintain stability. The conflict perspective emphasizes inequality, competition, and social change driven by conflicts between groups. The interactionist perspective studies social interactions and their role in interpreting messages and connecting individuals within social structures. Founders of these perspectives discussed include Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx.

1. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

2. PERSPECTIVE
“Perspective is a lens, for using to see something
particular attribute. It is a set of assumption about
phenomenon of society”.

3. EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE
 An evolutionary perspective refer that the evolution of society. It
also evaluate the making of custom and tradition in human society.
 It’s deal with all aspects of society from beginning and
formulization of institutes in society.
 It’s focus on changing pattern of society.
 Evolutionary perspective analyses the behaviors ( fear, prejudice
and relationship) during the evolutionary period.

4. FOUNDER THINKERS
 August Comte and Herbert spencer worked on evolutionary
perspective. They focused on “how human society originates and
grow over a period of time”.

5. FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE
 Institutions are the pillars of society. So, the functionalist perspective deal
with institutions of society such as family, religion, education, health, politics,
economics.
 It determines the function and performance of institutions from top to
bottom and outcome in social life.
 It focuses on the relationship and effectiveness among the individual( micro
level) to the institutions ( macro level).
 Functionalist perspective emphasize the importance of equilibrium and
harmony between the social institutions.

6. FOUNDER THINKERS
 Herbert spencer and Emil Durkheim worked on “how
functional institutions are interlink to each other, maintain
the stability and built positive scenario for the
development of society”.

7. CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE
 Conflict perspective focus on the cause and effect of change in the society.
 Conflict perspective analyses the material aspect of change such as
development of society and adversity of society.
 Conflict perspective analyses the spiritual aspect of change such as
revolutionary thinking, believes.
 Conflict perspective is highly addressed the inequality, competition, racism,
gender discrimination, violation and sexual abuse.
 The class system and power gain are major concept of conflict perspective.

8. FOUNDER THINKER
 The Karl Mark worked on the concept of conflict, according to him
the bourgeoisie and proletarian had divided into two classes , one
was ruling class as have and another was servant class as have not.

9. INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE
 The interactionist perspective focus on the social structure and social
connections.
 It is analyzing on the interpretation and response of massage during
interaction process.
 The social interaction is important for the fulfillment of basic need of life.
 The interactionist work on individuality to large social structure.
 The social interaction focusing on function, conflict and change of society.

10. INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE
 The interactionist perspective have two types of interaction verbal and
symbol.
 The verbal interaction use to phonic sound for convey the massage and
receive the feedback.
 The symbol interaction use to picture, written massage, hint and sign boards
for convey the message to others.

11. THANK YOU