Social Sciences: Sociology, Anthropology and Political Science

4. 1) By mapping social forces
impinging on social actors as their
lives intersect in society.
2) By rehearsing the structures and
components of cultural practices
and traditions.
3) By exposing asymmetrical
distributions among members of
social communities and
organizations.
Study of society can be accomplished in
three different ways:
To understand
the dynamics
of social
interactions in
society.

5. 1) Highlights the external influences that facilitate or constrain
human actions – SOCIOLOGY
2) Underlines the role of cultural structures in organizing human
interactions – ANTHROPOLOGY
3) Zeroes in on power relations and how these produce layered
modalities of opportunities among social actors
– POLITICAL SCIENCE
In academe “disciplines” :

7. - Focuses on the ubiquity
(or the “everywhere-ness”)
of social forces in unlikely
forms:
Sex
Gender
Religion
Class
Race Ethnicity
Sexual orientation

8. History of
 Sociology was born in Europe – during the period of
Industrial Revolution, in late 18th and 19th centuries.
 August Comte (1798-1857)
 Father of Sociology
 Coined the term sociology

9.  Emile Durkheim
 French social thinker
 Formulize sociology as the new
science of the study of society.
 Study of Suicide – “niche problematique” of
sociology.
 Introduced the concept of “social fact” – is another
name for social phenomenon; which are capable of
holding an external constraint on the individual.

10.  Karl Marx
 Saw and felt the evils of social
inequality
 Scathing critique basis for his
conflict paradigm
 Conflict paradigm as “critical historical” –
perspective given the historical rootedness of ideas
 Conflict paradigm – demonstrate the role of
conflict in the evolution of society.
Theoretical
Perspective

11. Focuses on human diversity – diversity itself – seen in body
shapes and sizes, customs, clothing, speech, religion, and
world view.

12. ANTHROPOLOGY
- As a science seeking to “uncover principles of behavior that
apply to all human communities”
Instead looking for :
“universal culture” – cultural
artifacts that appear the same
or similar everywhere they are
found;
anthropologists are looking for
“culture universal” – patterns of
similarity within an array of
differences
Principle of
“equal but
different”
Equality vs. Equity

14. The Social in the Guise of Inequality
• Social diversity are plenty and mixed, each
of which offers justifications as to why it
persists over time.
SOCIAL INEQUALITY / SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
• Social inequality occurs when resources in
given society are distributed unevenly,
typically through norms of allocation that
engender specific patterns along the lines of
socially defined categories of people.

15. Forms of Diversity: Social and Cultural
“Cultural Diversity” – a range of different societies or
people of different origins, religion, and traditions all living
and interacting together.
“Social Diversity” – refers to the gaps between people as
measured by the presence or absence of certain socially
desirable traits.

17. Political Science
• The systematic study of government and politics.
• Generalizations and analyses about political systems and political
behavior and uses these results to predict future behavior.
Includes the study of :
Political philosophy ethics
International Relations
Foreign Policy
Public Relations Dynamic relations between
different part of the governments

18. Political Science
• The discipline that problematizes the nature of power and studies
how possession and exercise of power can shape individual
actions and collective decisions for that matter.

19. SOCIOLOGY
POLITICAL
SCIENCE
ANTHROPOLOGY

20. An Open Letter to a Congressman
Rex, a senior high school student in Calamba City, wrote
a petition letter addressed to his district’s representative
in Congress. Rex observed the proliferation of informal
dumpsites near his barangay. He even took photos of
these dumpsites near his barangay. Rex knew that
garbage situation will eventually create health problems
in his and near barangays if it remains unchecked. So he
wrote a letter to his district’s congressman and petitioned
the latter to do something about the garbage situation,
specifically regarding proper garbage collection and
management. He posted a copy of his letter on his
facebook time line.

21. Can an open letter written by a senior high school
youth bring about social change? If so, enumerate
ways on how it can be seen in the light.
Write your insights in a ½ sheet of paper.
Crosswise.