UCSP-week-1.pdf

INTRODUCTION TO UCSP
B Y : P X M A D I A M

OBJECTIVES
1. Explore prior ideas about they key concepts: Culture,
Society, and Politics
2. Define Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science
3. Identify the nature and goals of Anthropology,
Sociology, and Political Science
4. Recognize how social sciences addresses social
issues.

ENGAGE
Culture Society
Politics
Directions: Think of words you can associate with these terms.

CULTURE
It refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge,
experiences, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings,
religion, and material objects and possessions acquired
by a group of people in the course of generations through
individual or group striving.

“ Culture is our
way of life”

SOCIETY
A group of people who share in one form or another
distinct commonality. The interrelated, independent and
overlapping social relations among the different social
institutions with members who are interacting with each
other.

POLITICS
The state’s exercise of power and management of
internal issues and international concerns. It is also
concerned with the distribution of power and authority
among members of a certain group

SYNTHESIS
The interplay of culture, society
and politics can be seen in the
different social realities and social
issues faced by society. These social
realities can be seen in the different
events taking place in our society. It
can be noted that the reality of these
changes is inevitable.

SOCIAL SCIENCES
Refers to the systematic study of various aspects
of human society. It is a major category of academic
disciplines, dealing with society and the relationships
among people within a society.

SOCIAL SCIENCES
Social Sciences
Example of
Disciplines:
Anthropology
Sociology
Political Science

ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthropology is the study, analysis, and
description of humanity’s past and present. Questions
about the past include prehistoric origins and human
evolution. The study of contemporary humanity focuses on
biological and cultural diversity, including language.

ANTHRO
Anthropology as a scientific discipline originated from
social philosophy and travelogues of Western travelers.
Many pioneers in anthropology built universal model of
cultural development patterned according to Darwin’s
evolutionary theory that locates all societies in the
linear evolutionary process.
Four great anthropologist who helped formalize and
advance anthropology as a discipline:

ANTHRO
Father of modern American
Anthropology
Rejected the biological
basis of racism or racial
discrimination
Rejected western idea of
social evolution.
Franz Boas

ANTHRO
“ each society is considered
as having a unique form of
culture that cannot be
subsumed under an overall
definition of general
culture”
Franz Boas

ANTHRO
Conducted a comprehensive
study of Trobriand Island
and develop a research
method called participant
observation.
Bronislaw Malinowski

ANTHRO
Alfred Reginald
Radcliffe-Brown
Conducted a fieldwork in
1906 to 1908 on the Andaman
Islands
Chair in Social
Anthropology in Oxford in
1937
Developed the theory of
structural functionalism.

ANTHRO
Marcel Mauss
Father of French
Anthropology
Conducted analysis of gift-
giving societies
Developed ethnology

ANTHRO
The nature of anthropology can be view from its historical
perspective because it is a global discipline involving
humanities, social sciences and natural sciences
Biological Anthropology
Cultural Anthropology
Linguistics Anthropology
Archaeology

ANTHRO
Goals
Understand the
fossil record of
early humans and
their ancestors as
well as the
archaeological
record of more
recent prehistoric
societies.
Learn about both
the biological and
cultural aspects
of humanity around
the globe and
throughout time.
Understand how we
adapt to different
environmental
conditions and how
we vary as a
species.
Develop new
theories and
information about
mankind
Apply
anthropological
knowledge to help
prevent or solve
problems

“Anthropology
is the science
of humanity”

SOCIOLOGY
Sociology is a branch of the social sciences that
deals with the scientific study of human interactions,
social groups and institutions, whole societies, and the
human world.
It is a science that studies the relationship
between the individual and the society as they develop
and change in history.

ANTHRO
Directions: Identify possible categories of the words in the
table.
SOCIO
As a discipline, sociology arose early in the
nineteenth century in response to rapid social change.
Major transformations in the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries, such as rapid industrialization resulting in
a large, anonymous workforce.

ANTHRO
table.
SOCIO
Father of Sociology
Sociology aims to discover
the social laws that govern
the development of
societies.
Develop the Law of Three
Stages of Reason
Auguste Comte Theological
Stage
Metaphysical
Stage
Positive
Stage

ANTHRO
table.
SOCIO
Develop materialist
analysis of history.
Historical Materialism
argued that human societies
and their cultural
institutions (like
religion, law, morality,
etc.) were the outgrowth of
collective economic
activity.
Karl Marx

ANTHRO
table.
SOCIO
Professionalization of
Sociology
Separate sociology as an
independent discipline from
psychology
Argued that society
possesses a reality
independent of individuals
and institutions that
compose it.
Emile Durkheim

ANTHRO
table.
SOCIO
Emphasize the role of
rationalization in the
development of society.
Max Weber

ANTHRO
table.
SOCIO
Sociology studies society from different angles and
acquires knowledge about society and patterns of social
interactions.
Social phenomena,
issues, and
problems
Family background,
socioeconomic status,
ethnicity, social class,
religion, gender,
beliefs, traditions,
norms, etc.
Social organization,
social psychology,
applied sociology, and
human ecology

ANTHRO
table.
SOCIO
Goals
Understand how membership
in one’s social group
affects individual
behavior.
Understand the meaning and
consequences of modernity,
postmodernity and the new
globalization.
Understand how cultures and
institutions interact in
different societies.
Understand the causes and
consequences of social
change in terms of general
causes and effects as well
as unique historical
circumstances.
Understand the causes and
consequences of population
composition and pressures
and how population affects
the environment and
development of societies.
Provide information that
reflects upon different
policy initiatives

“Sociology is
the study of
society

POLITICAL SCIENCE
Discipline of social sciences that deals with the study
of politics, power, and government. It also refers to the
process of making collective decisions in a community,
society, or group, through the application of influence
and power.

ANTHRO
table.
SOCIO
D E F I N I T I O N :
Sociology is a branch of the social sciences that deals
with the scientific study of human interactions, social
groups and institutions, whole societies, and the human
world.
It is a science that studies the relationship between
the individual and the society as they develop and
change in history.
POLSCI
Political Science studies how even the most private
and personal concerns are influenced by collective
decisions of a community.
Greek Political
History
Religious-Oriented
Tradition
Secularization
Modern Political
Philosophy

ANTHRO
table.
SOCIO
world.
change in history.
POLSCI
Scholars have studied varied themes throughout
centuries:
19th Century
“state”
20th Century
“pluralism”
Mid 20th Century
“Behavioral approach”
Mid 20th Century
“Liberalism”
Research and
application

ANTHRO
table.
SOCIO
world.
change in history.
POLSCI
Politics is not only a mere institution of
governance but also a mechanism for achieving societal
goals. Nature of Political Science is a social science
concerned with the theory and practice of politics and
the description and analysis of political systems and
political behavior.
It includes matters concerning the allocation and
transfer of power in decision making, the roles and
systems of governance including governments and
international organizations, political behavior and
public policies.

- A R I S T O T L E
“Man is a
political
animal”

SYNTHESIS
Each discipline provides a unique
way of seeing and an equally unique way
of zooming in on social details.
Regardless of their angles of looking,
they share a common goal: to understand
the “social” and to explore the how it
drives the unfolding society as we
know.

SYNTHESIS
They are interdisciplinary
courses in the sense that the elements
of one can be found in another.

MODERN IDEOLOGY
Social Sciences
Clamor for
Decolonization
Indigenization
of Social
Sciences
Social Sciences
in
Globalization

Social scientist during the 18th
century carried a very European
view of non-western world.
Westerners use social sciences
to justify subjugation of the
inhabitants of non-western
world. (Example: Social
Darwinism)

Social Scientist advocating
decolonization believed that the
methods and concepts, the
epistemology, and the
philosophical worldview that
inform Western social sciences
are not universal. (Example:
Muqaddimah of Iban Khaldun)

Philippines’ social sciences
emerged as part and parcel of
colonial education.
It was in 1960s that Filipino
social scientist clamored for
making social sciences relevant
to the Philippine society.

Indigenization
Psychology –
Virgilio
Enriquez
History – Zeus
Salazar
Anthropology –
Prospero Covar

Social sciences study cultural
meanings and social change, so
it must be able address the
concerns and problems of the
local communities rather than
being merely a tool to continue
Western worldview on local
cultures.

Online References:
Images:
• www.unsplash.com
• www.google.com
Content:
• https://sosgurus.com/nature-and-goals-of-anthropology-
sociology-and-political-science/
• https://www.slideshare.net/jonel21/nature-goals-and-
perspective-anthropology-sociology-and-political-
science
• https://routledgesoc.com/category/profile-
tags/historical-materialism

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