Social impact of pharmaceutical industry.

Social impact of The
Pharmaceutical Industry
ensuring health in social and
community development.Presented by Miss Sudipta Roy
Designation: Assistant Professor
Email: sudiptaroy89@gmail.com
Place: Department of pharmaceutics
Northern Institute of Pharmacy and

Contents.
• Aim and objective.
• Abstract.
• Introduction
• Pharmaceutical products and it's role.
• Pharmaceutical agents.
• Pharmaceutical unit operation.
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing process for
bulk drug.
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing process for

Contents.
• Pharmaceutical safety hazards to workers.
• Role of Pharmaceutical industry collaboration
in implementing development of social and
community affairs.
• Conclusion.
• References.

Aim and objective.
• To ensure healthy human life as well as
environmental sustainability for social and
community development.

Abstract.
• Health is a critical challenge for society on
basis of economic asset of people.
Pharmaceutical industries and it's
manufacturing products have been impacting
health related issues for social and community
development in major issues of reducing child
and maternal mortality, slowing the spread of
HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, malnutrition
of children promoting gender equality and
empowerment.

Abstract.
• Here in this poster presentation, the
fascinating role with its different
manufacturing process for different types of
dosage form of the pharmaceutical industry
have been presenting for development of
social care.

Introduction.
• There is important difference between
developed and developing countries according
to their needs for pharmaceutical substances.
Malnutrition and infectious diseases are major
cause of developing countries where
nutritional supplements, vitamins and anti-
infective drugs are most needed.

Introduction.
The diseases related to ageing are primary
health concerns in developed countries and
some specific diseases associated with
cardiovascular, central nervous system,
gastrointestinal, anti-infective, diabetes and
chemotherapy drugs are mostly required.

Introduction.
• Drugs used for health of human and animal
care is being prepared by same R&D activities
and manufacturing processes.
• Synthesized products having unique
therapeutic benefits and mechanisms have
been gone through their approval,
distribution, marketing and sales process.

Pharmaceutical products and it's
role.
• Biological products: Bacterial and viral
vaccines, antigens, antitoxin, analogous
products, serums, plasma and other blood
derivatives.
• Role: To protect therapeutically.
• To treat humans or animals.
Bulks: Active drug substance.
Role: To manufacture dosage form for animal
feeds, compound prescription medications.

role.
• Diagnostic agents: These substances may be
inorganic chemicals, radioactive compounds.
• Role: To assist diagnosis of diseases, disorders
in human and animals.
• To examine human organs like G. I. tract,
circulatory system, liver etc.

role.
• Drugs: These substances are
pharmacologically active and compounded
with others materials.
Role: To produce medicinal products.
Ethical pharmaceuticals: These substances are
biological, chemical agents.
Role: To prevent, diagnosis, treat diseases and
disorders in humans or animals.

role.
• Excipients: These are inert ingredients.
• Role: To make combination with drug
substances to create a dosage form products.
• To help dosage form by affecting and
controlling rate of absorption, dissolution,
metabolism, distribution.

Pharmaceutical products and its
role.
• Over the counter pharmaceuticals: These
substances are drug products sold in retail
store/pharmacy.
Role: Without a prescription or the approval of a
medical, pharmacy or veterinary professional,
these drug products is being dispensed to a
patient.

Pharmaceutical agents.
• Biological agents: The pharmaceutical industry
uses biological agents, such as bacteria and
viruses in many special applications like
vaccine production, fermentation process,
derivation of blood based products and
biotechnology.
• Chemical agents: These are divided into
industrial chemicals and drug related
substances that may be raw materials,
intermediates or finished products.

• Industrial chemicals: These are used in
researching and developing active drug
substances and manufacturing bulk
substances, finished pharmaceutical products.
Organic and inorganic chemicals are raw
materials, serving as reactants, reagents,
catalyst and solvents.
• Drug related substances:
These are pharmacologically active products are
divided into natural products and synthetic

• Source of natural products are plant and
animal sources. Examples are antibiotics,
steroid, peptide hormones, vitamins,
enzymes, prostaglandins, pheromones.
• Source of synthetic products are from
microbiological and chemical technologies.
• Pharmaceutical inactive ingredients: These are
mixed with active drug substances providing
desired physical and pharmacological
properties in the dosage form products.

• Diluting agents, ointment bases,
pharmaceutical solvents and excipients.

Pharmaceutical unit operations.
• Weighing and dispensing: To weigh and
dispense of solids and liquid is a very common
activity through out pharma industry.
• This operation must be performed in a
partitioned work place area with good
dilution, ventilation.
• Weighing surfaces must be smooth and sealed
to give proper cleaning.
• To weigh and dispense highly toxic materials
may require additional control measures. Eg.

Pharmaceutical unit operation.
• Charging and discharging solids and liquids:
• These phenomenon are frequently happened
through charged and discharged containers
and process equipment in pharmaceutical
manufacturing operation.
• This operation may be performed manually by
workers or by other methods such as gravity,
mechanical/pneumatic transfer systems.

• Liquid separations: liquids are separated
based upon their physical properties.
• Eg. Density, solubility, miscibility.
• Liquid separations are commonly performed
during bulk chemical production,
pharmaceutical manufacturing operations.
• Hazardous liquids should be transferred,
processed, separated in closed vessel and
piping systems to reduce worker exposure to
liquid spills and airborne vapours.

• Transferring liquids:
• Liquids are frequently transferred between
storage vessels, containers and process
equipment during pharmaceutical
manufacturing operations.
• Sealed vessels and containers and piping
system are highly desirable when transferring
large volumes of liquids with precautions for
inert gases pressurizing transfer lines/process
equipment.

• Filtration:
• Solids and liquids are separated during
filtration operations. Filters have different
designs and features. When open filters are
used for hazardous materials, workers may be
exposed to liquids, wet solids, vapours and
aerosols during loading and unloading
operations. Closed process equipment can be
used to filter highly hazardous materials,
reducing vapour emissions and preventing

• Compunding.
• Solids and liquids are mixed in compounding
operations to produce solutions, suspensions,
syrups, ointments and pastes. Buffering
agents, detergents and germicides that are
neutralizing, cleaning and biocidal agents may
be hazardous to workers. Eyewashes and
safety showers reduce injuries, if workers
accidentally contact corrosive or irritating
substances.

• Granulation:
• Dry and wet solids are granulated to change
their physical properties.
• Granulators have different designs and
features with varying containment and control
of mechanical hazards.
• Enclosed granulators can be vented to air-
control devices, reducing emissions of solvent
vapours or dusts to the workplace and
atmosphere.

• Material-handling concerns arise when
loading and unloading granulators.
Mechanical equipment (e.g., elevated
platforms, lift tables and pallet jacks) assists
workers to perform heavy manual tasks.
Eyewashes and safety showers are needed, if
workers accidentally contact solvents or
irritating dusts.

• Drying:
• Water- or solvent-wet solids are dried during
many pharmaceutical manufacturing
operations. Dryers have different designs and
of vapours and dusts . Flammable solvent
vapours and explosive airborne dusts may
create flammable or explosive atmosphere;

• Milling:
• Dry solids are milled to change their particle
characteristics and produce free-flowing
powders. Mills have different designs and
of mechanical hazards and airborne dusts .
Prior to milling materials, their physical
properties and hazards should be reviewed or
tested.

• Blending:
• Dry solids are blended to produce
homogeneous mixtures. Blenders have
different designs and features with varying
containment and control of mechanical
hazards and airborne dusts . Worker
exposures to drug substances, excipients and
blends may occur when loading and unloading
blending equipment.

• Compression:
• Dry solids are compressed or slugged to
compact them, changing their particle
properties. Compression equipment has
containment and control of mechanical
hazards and airborne dusts Compression
equipment may pose serious mechanical
hazards if inadequately guarded. High noise
levels may also be produced by compression

• Solid dosage form manufacturing:
• Tablets and capsules are the most common
oral dosage forms. Compressed or moulded
tablets contain mixtures of drug substances
and excipients. These tablets may be uncoated
or coated with solvent mixtures or aqueous
solutions. Capsules are soft or hard gelatin
shells. Tablet presses , tablet-coating
equipment and capsule-filling machines have

• Sterile manufacturing:
• Sterile products are manufactured in
pharmaceutical manufacturing plants with
modular design , clean workplace and
equipment surfaces, and high efficiency
particulate air (HEPA) filtered ventilation
systems.

• Cleaning and maintenance activities:
• cleaning, repairing and maintaining
equipment, utilities and workplaces. Although
unique hazards may arise during non-routine
tasks, recurring health and safety concerns are
encountered. Workplace and equipment
surfaces may be contaminated by hazardous
materials and drug substances, requiring them
to be cleaned before unprotected workers
conduct servicing or maintenance work.

• Cleaning is performed by washing or wiping
liquids and sweeping or vacuuming dusts. Dry
sweeping and blowing solids with compressed
air are not recommended, since they create
high worker exposures to airborne dusts. Wet
mopping and vacuuming reduce worker
exposures to dusts during cleaning activities.
Vacuum cleaners with HEPA filters may be
needed when cleaning hazardous substances
and high-potency drugs. Explosion-proof

• Packaging:
• Finished dosage-form products may be
packaged in many different types of
containers (e.g., plastic or glass bottles, foil
blister packs, pouches or sachets, tubes and
sterile vials). The mechanical equipment fills,
caps, labels, cartons and packs the finished
products in shipping containers.

• Laboratory operations:
• Lab workers may conduct scientific research to
discover drug substances, develop
manufacturing processes for bulk chemical
and dosage-form products or analyze raw
materials, intermediates and finished
products. Clearly defined responsibilities,
training and information, safe work practices
and control measures and emergency
response plans are important means for

Pharmaceutical manufacturing
process for bulk drug.
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing process is
basically of three major types of processes:
fermentation, organic chemical synthesis, and
biological and natural extraction.
• Antibiotics, steroids and vitamins are
produced by fermentation, whereas many
new drug substances are produced by organic
synthesis. Historically, most drug substances
were derived from natural sources such as
plants, animals, fungi and other organisms.

• Fermentation:
• Fermentation is a biochemical process
employing selected micro-organisms and
microbiological technologies to produce a
chemical product. Batch fermentation
processes involve three basic steps: inoculum
and seed preparation, fermentation, and
product recovery or isolation.

• Fermentation:

• Chemical synthesis:
• Chemical synthesis processes use organic and
inorganic chemicals in batch operations to
produce drug substances with unique physical
and pharmacological properties. Typically, a
series of chemical reactions are performed in
multi-purpose reactors and the products are
isolated by extraction, crystallization and
filtration. The finished products are usually
dried, milled and blended. Organic synthesis

• Biological and natural extraction:
• Large volumes of natural materials, such as
plant and animal matter, may be processed to
extract substances which are
pharmacologically active. In each step of the
process, the volumes of materials are reduced
by a series of batch processes, until the final
drug product is obtained.

process for dosage form.
• Drug substances are converted into dosage-
form products before they are dispensed or
administered to humans or animals. Active
drug substances are mixed with
pharmaceutical necessities, such as binders,
fillers, flavouring and bulking agents,
preservatives and antioxidants. These
ingredients may be dried, milled, blended,
compressed and granulated to achieve the
desired properties before they are

• Liquid suspensions and emulsions are
produced by colloid mills and homogenizers,
respectively. Creams and ointments are
prepared by blending or compounding active
ingredients with petrolatum, heavy greases or
emollients.
• Liquid solutions for oral or topical use do not
require sterilization, solutions to be
administered to the eyes (ophthalmic) must
be sterilized. Oral liquids are prepared by

• Parenteral liquids are injected by intradermal,
intramuscular or intravenous administration
into the body, sterilized by dry or moist heat
under high pressure with bacteria-retaining
filters.
• Blended and granulated materials are
produced in tablet, capsule form.

• Modern pharmaceutical manufacturing
facilities and process equipment are reducing
environmental, health and safety risks by
preventing pollution and improving the
containment of hazards. Worker health and
safety and quality control objectives are
achieved by improving the isolation,
containment and cleanliness of
pharmaceutical facilities and process
equipment.

Pharmaceutical safety hazards to
workers.
• To prevent worker exposures to hazardous
substances and pharmaceutical products is
highly compatible with the concurrent need to
prevent workers from accidentally
contaminating raw materials and finished
products. Safe work procedures and good
manufFire and explosion prevention and
protection; process containment of hazardous
substances, machine hazards and high noise
levels, dilution.

Pharmaceutical safety hazards to
workers.
and local exhaust ventilation (LEV); use of
respirators (e.g., dust and organic vapour masks
and, in some cases, powered air-purifying
respirators or air-supplied masks and suits) and
personal protective equipment (PPE);and worker
training on workplace hazards and safe work
practices are workplace control measures
applicable during all of the various
pharmaceutical manufacturing Operation.

Role of Pharmaceutical industry collaboration in
implementing development of social and community
affairs.
• Regarding issue of noise: Engineering methods
reduce sound levels by modifying, enclosing
and dampening noise sources. Employee
rotation and use of hearing-protective devices
(e.g., ear muffs and plugs) reduce workers’
exposure to high noise levels. Comprehensive
hearing conservation programmes identify
noise sources, reduce workplace sound levels,
and train workers on the hazards of noise
exposure and proper use of hearing-protective
devices.

affairs.
• Noise monitoring and medical surveillance
(i.e., audiometry) assess worker exposures to
noise and their resulting loss of hearing. This
helps to identify noise problems and evaluate
the adequacy of corrective measures.

affairs.
• As with the strong position compared to
others industries, the pharmaceutical industry
has resources, networks and expertise and has
a responsibility driving positive social change .
Though many companies in the
pharmaceutical sector are already doing
amazing work in helping to tackle complicated
and difficult issues. There are three key ways
in which pharma businesses can lead in
driving social change.

affairs.
• To increase access to healthcare, pharma has
an obvious advantage compared to other
industries for social changes , pharma
business outputs are all designed to improve
and save lives. Pharna research and the
prepared life saving developing medicines
creations are paramount to the well-being of
society, playing a critical role in health care
that prevent, alleviate and cure diseases.

affairs.
• To acquire adequate medicine remains a
crucial issue for many people across the globe,
facing barriers to get the proper needy urgent
healthcare and the situation can mean those
in rural areas, who face extreme poverty, are
left without adequate healthcare facilities.In
such cases pharmaceutical industry is
producing pharma businesses that can offer
their insights and expertise to NGOs to help
tackle global healthcare challenges.

affairs.
• The industry has the potential to drive social
change in our society to review industrial
processes, utilise pharmaceutical industrial
networks and identify areas where industry
can contribute and give back to society.
Produced products are fundamental in the
treatment offered to patients.

Conclusion.
• Health is a universal right. To overcome
barriers for health facilities must be cured for
classes of people around the world. If the
most needy people have no access, then
vision of pharmaceutical companies to
improve global health will fall short by making
advanced progress to become part of a bigger
network sharing the same vision, and by
learning from each other's and foster
scientific advances.

Conclusion.
• Through charitable giving programmes
pharmaceutical industry can effectively tackle
complex issues and strengthen the support to
local communities in areas where
improvements are urgently needed.There is
necessity to use the power to take an active
role in improving the healthcare issues faced
by millions of people all over the world.

References.
• Hardman, JA Gilman and L Limbird. 1996.
Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacologic
Basis of Therapeutics. New York: McGraw Hill
Co.
• International Labour Organization (ILO). 1983.
Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and
Safety, 3rd edition. Geneva. ILO.
• Spilker, B. 1994. Multinational Pharmaceutical
Companies: Principles and Practices, 2nd
edition. New York: Raven Press.

References.
• Reynolds, J. 1989. Martindale’s: The Extra
Pharmacopoeias, 29th Edition. London:
Pharmaceutical Press.
• National Research Council. 1981. Prudent
Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in
Laboratories. Washington, DC: National
Academy Press.
• Gennaro, A. 1990. Remington’s
Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th edition. Easton,
PA: Mack Publishing Company.

Social impact of pharmaceutical industry.

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