Social, Biological And Psychological Theories

Social, Biological And Psychological Theories
In society today, many individuals are negatively influenced by the media and the way crime is
portrayed. The cause of crime has been studied over decades ago and is continuing to be studied.
Many researchers have had their theories and reasons as to why crime happens and what drives one
to commit crime. Environmental, social, biological and psychological theories are all potential
variables of why crime happens. Critics may argue that crime is caused by the way someone is
raised and one becomes a product of their environment. Others may argue that there is something
called the crime gene. A professor named Dr. Mairi Levitt at the University of Lancaster is a
researcher in the field of bioethics, focusing primarily on how science and ... Show more content on
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Psychological theories attempt to look deep into the mind of the individual Akers et al., (2013).
Psychological theories cover a broad range of approaches as to why crime is committed and what
the causal factors are. Lam, Salkovskis and Warwick (2005) support this and found psychological
theories refers to psychological reactions to stressors, negative beliefs and meanings and feedback
loops, focused on information processing and the mind.
Psychological theories recognize the effect of an individual's experience, especially in early
childhood, and environmental factors that may trigger criminal behavior, but they propose abnormal
personality type/traits or emotional maladjustments as the primary causes of crime Akers et al.,
(2013). Psychological theorists believed that behavior, criminal or non–criminal is not related to
one's biological make up. According to Kate Friedlander (1947), classical Freudian psychoanalytic
explanations of delinquency focus on abnormalities or disturbances in the individual's emotion
development from early childhood Akers et al., (2013). In terms of mental health, to better
understand this theory, psychological theories are perceived could influence beliefs of patients and
non–patients alike in terms of factors such as stigmatization, beliefs about the outcome of treatment,
motivation, pessimism and so on.
On the other
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Evaluation of a Social Psychological Theory of Aggression...
Evaluation of a Social Psychological Theory of Aggression
One of the most influential approaches to aggression is the social learning theory approach, put
forward by Albert Bandura. According to this approach, most behaviour including aggressive
behaviour is learned. Albert Bandura believed that aggression is learned through a process called
behaviour modelling. He argued that individuals, especially children learn aggressive responses
from observing others, either personality or through the media and environment. He stated that
many individuals believed that aggression would produce reinforcements. These reinforcements can
formulate into reduction of tension, gaining financial rewards, or gaining ... Show more content on
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He believed environmental experiences also had an influence on the social learning of violence in
children. He reported that individuals that lived in high crime rate areas were more likely to act
violently than those who lived in low crime areas. He also believed television was a source of
behaviour modelling. Today films and television shows illustrate violence graphically. Violence is
often expressed as an acceptable behaviour. Since aggression is a prominent feature of many shows,
children who have a high amount of exposure to the media may show a high degree of hostility
themselves in imitation of the aggression they have witnessed.
Bandura carried out a study on aggressive behaviour towards the Bobo doll. In the first stage of the
study, children who had observed an adult model attack a Bobo doll were divided into three groups.
Group 1 went straight into the playroom; Group 2 saw the model being rewarded for their
aggression against the doll, while group 3 saw the adult model punished. In the second stage of the
study, after the children had played with the doll, all the children were offered rewards to behave as
the adult model had done.
The results showed, in the first stage of the, group 3 children showed significantly less aggressive
behaviour towards the dolls than group 1 and 2. In the second stage of the study, there was no
difference between the groups in the

The Psychological Theories Of Alcohol Dependence, Social...
Newspaper headlines and public heath reports continually remind us that many abuse alcohol.
Despite its many associated consequences, such as: increased hospital admissions, deaths, road
accidents and assaults; alcohol dependence remains a prominent issue in today's society. But what
causes alcohol dependence? This essay will critically discuss and compare two psychological
theories of alcohol dependence, social learning theory and alcohol expectancy theory.
Bandura's Social Learning Theory and Its Application to Alcohol Dependency
Social learning theory is the cumulative works of many psychologists and sociologists, the most
influential of these, was Bandura (1969, 1977 and 1986) whose works were the first to combine the
principles of cognitive psychology and those of behavioural learning (the two prominent theories of
the time). Bandura's (1969, 1977 and 1986) social learning theory contained four major constructs:
differential reinforcement (differing consequences for a specific behaviour dependent on the social
context and situation), vicarious learning (acquiring new behaviours by observing said behaviours
being reinforced in others or through communication), cognitive processes (the belief that cognitive
processes such as information retrieval, encoding and organizing, regulate behaviour) and triadic
reciprocity (a principle that says, the environment, cognitions and behaviour all mutually influence
each other).
Bandura applied the early versions of these constructs

Social Workers : An Important Factor Of Engagement...
Social workers will come in contact with many different people from various ethnic and cultural
backgrounds. It is important for social work professionals to become cognizant and diversify their
knowledge base when it comes to servicing people in the community of various cultural
backgrounds, ethnic groups, race, sex, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or
expression, age, marital status, political belief, immigration status, religion, and mental or physical
disability. Even the environmental factors play an important factor of engagement strategies and
rapport building (NASW, 2008, pp. 1). The main points of this paper will be geared towards coming
up with a strategy to engage with Mr. Fahza which was provided through the ... Show more content
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This makes it difficult to effectively assess Mr. Fahza's wishes. Countertransference I feel that Mr.
Fahza needs to be handled with a lot of care being that he is an old man suffering from end stage
liver cancer. Being that Mr. Fahza is an Iranian Muslim who does not speak English, I feel that he
needs a translator who is not his family member in order to assist with communication. This way, it
will be easier to provide necessary assistance to the client without interference. Even though Mr.
Fahza is old, sick and does not speak English, he needs to be allowed to make individual decision as
to whether he should continue with chemotherapy or to be placed in hospice. His son should not be
allowed to cause any interference despite the fact that he wants to relay all the health information
directly to his father. I think that it will be possible to assess Mr. Fahza's wishes without interference
if a translator is provided. Scholarly Literature According to Diller (2007), working with culturally
diverse populations require a social worker to be aware of personal values and beliefs, have
knowledge of how the client views the world, and utilize effective and culturally appropriate
intervention strategies. Therefore, working with Mr. Fahza requires the social worker to demonstrate
awareness of personal values and beliefs. In addition, the social worker needs to understand how
Mr. Fahza views the world and apply culturally appropriate

Examples Of Capstone Reflection
This capstone course has helped me tie together all the material I have learned thus far in the
program as well as helped me to identify what skills and knowledge I need to continue working on.
The capstone presentation, as well as class, helped me to practice strength–based language and be
conscious of how I describe my client's when presenting them to others. It can be a habit to use
negative language to describe a problem–saturated story and unintentionally describe a patient's
story in a way that comes off as stigmatizing. This class helped me become conscious and tactful of
how I word sensitive circumstances. It was a great experience to present my patient's case to the
class and practice being thoughtful on how I portrayed my ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
There is a variety of evidence–based research on varying cultures and each culture's perspective
regarding medical care. Evidence–based practice will be extremely helpful among the hospital
setting because it will allow for one to acquire knowledge from reliable resources. Using evidence–
based practice is important because it allows social workers to utilize well researched interventions
which will best serve the patient's. I will continue to work within the hospital setting and need to be
sensitive of how different cultures feel about the medical system as well as treatment options. At
times, I have found myself wondering why my patient does not want to go a certain treatment route
and have used evidence–based practice to form a better understanding and approach. Social workers
can use evidence–based practice to educate themselves as well as the whole treatment team. In
conclusion, evidence–based practice has allowed for me to share articles with coworkers and have
dependable evidence to fall back on when advocating for my patient within team meetings. In week
five, I found the topic of suicide to be very helpful because I have discovered that I need to gain
skills for working with patients who are suicidal or facing death. Many cancer patients have to think
a great deal about death and often times contemplate suicide. Throughout my capstone presentation,
it became evident how difficult it was to process death with my patient who had a

Biological, Psychological And Social Constructionism Theory
"One is not born, but rather becomes a woman". The definition for sex and gender is different
depending on which theory one uses to describe each concept. There is the Biological,
Psychological and Social Constructionism theory. This essay will highlight each of the theories
definitions for sex and gender but, will focus on the Psychological theory as an opposing theory to
Butler's beliefs of gender and sex as performative. Intersectionality allows one to embody more than
one identity at any given time. "If one 'is' a woman, that is not all one is," here intersectionality is
expressed and will therefore be defined throughout the essay.
Although there are certain aspects that link between the biological and psychological theory and the
psychological and social constructionism theory, the theories have various deviations from one
another. The psychological theory will be used to convey my ... Show more content on
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The biological theory tries to provide a scientific approach to the concepts of sex and gender
(Stainton & Stainton, 2001). Biological theorists believe that one's genetics have adapted over the
generations in order for one to survive. They believe that one's DNA determines ones sex because of
the XX and XY chromosomes (Stainton & Stainton, 2001). The hormones in males and females are
different therefore entailing that men have more testosterone than females (Stainton & Stainton,
2001). Females have more oestrogen and therefore one can be classified into male and female
depending on one's physiology. Men are believed to be more promiscuous as they are genetically
designed to reproduce as many offspring as possible (Stainton & Stainton, 2001). Women on the
other hand, are attracted to a limited amount of sexual partners as they have a gestation period of
nine months and so they look for a mate that is the most suitable in providing for them (Stainton &
Stainton,

Social Psychological Theories of Aggression Essay
Social Psychological Theories of Aggression
Social learning theorists propose that behaviour, such as aggression is learnt through observation,
imitation and behaviour shaping. This behaviour is learnt automatically through observation of male
and female role models, for example parents, peers and media characters. Whether or not this
behaviour is imitated depends on the type of reinforcement that the role model receives.
Vicarious reinforcement involves the outcome of a role models behaviour, for example if a child
observes a parent acting aggressively and receiving positive rewards for they are more like to be
imitate this behaviour in the future, than they would be if the role model ... Show more content on
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This supports the Social Learning Theories of aggression as the children learnt through observation
of the role model, imitation of their behaviour and behaviour shaping. Also they received sweets and
praise as a form of positive vicarious reinforcement thus meaning that there was a chance of
repetition of the aggressive behaviour outside the laboratory setting. The vicarious reinforcement is
also a direct consequence that will have an effect on the chances of the child repeating the
behaviour. As if the child was punished they would have been less likely to act aggressively again.
On the other hand, it is possible to say that the children were manipulated into responding
aggressively towards the BoBo Doll as they were teased and may have become frustrated because
they could not touch the toys even though they had to watch the role models playing however it is
not actually stated how long the children remained aggressive for. The experiment can be said to be
unethical and morally wrong because the children were trained to be aggressive, as they were
probably not used to watching adults behave some immaturely. Also as the experiment was
preformed in a laboratory it therefore lacks eco–logical validity, as it may not have real life
consequences.
Another study that supports the Social Learning Theories of aggression is Patterson et al (1989).
This

Social Learning Theory: The Social Psychological Theories...
Over the years there has been the development of various concepts that are intended to clarify and
comprehend criminal behavior in society. While some of these concepts are not as of now being
used, most them have transformed and are utilized as a part of various criminal investigations in
contemporary society (Haynie, and Osgood, 2005). The present criminologists mixed viewpoints
that have been attracted from various controls to push their knowledge on criminal behavior. As a
rule, the discourse on criminal behavior focuses on social and environmental variables with the
social learning theory and the social structure theory being the greatest speculations that can clarify
the commonness of crime in society. While these two components are the ... Show more content on
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An unmistakable case of this is where all the real theories on crime, weight on the function of social
factors in the ascent of criminal behavior. Theories stress that individuals who participate in criminal
activities do as such willingly and all things considered the criminal justice system has thought of
deterrence measures as a method for preventing individuals from partaking in criminal activities.
The criminal justice system implies that the rate of crime rises based on the social ranking of people
and thus the motivation behind why crime is demoted for the most part in urban areas (Haynie, and
Osgood, 2005).
Furthermore, social learning theory indicates that individuals learn to partake in crime
fundamentally because of their relationship with other individuals in society. Because of the
exposure to crime, people wind up considering crime to be alluring or legitimate in most
occurrences. Researchers claim, juveniles discover how to participate in criminal behavior similarly
as they do the enviable behavior. This implies that for criminal behavior to be stopped, juveniles
must be instructed on the best way to abstain from individuals with criminal

Social, Psychological, And Historical Theories Of...
I.Social, psychological, and/or historical circumstances.
The play Antigone is the last of a tragic trilogy of Sophocles works, the original order was Oedipus
Rex, then Oedipus at Colonus and then Antione. Antigone and Ismene are about the last of Oedipus
children who wishes to bury her brother Polyneices, but because he was dammed a traitor by Creon,
he states that the harshest punishment would be to let the animals and birds eat at their corpse.
Antigone and her sister are caught by the Chorus and temporarily imprisoned due to Antigone
having no remorse for giving her brother a proper funeral. Later near the end of the play Creon
wishes to free Antigone due to fear of loss of popularity with the people and gods, only when one
member of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Creon: The King of Thebes with his Queen Eurydice and father to Haemon. Creon decrees only the
one brother, Eteocles, should be buried traditionally and the other one Polyneices should be left for
the birds and animals to finish off. However, Antigone wants to bury her brother deemed a traitor,
he imprisoned her only to anger the gods and the people. He is constantly influenced by the Chorus
on what he should do, but when he decided to let her go he found out that Antigone killed herself.
Some characters fear him, other hate his beliefs and some, the chorus, praise him. Near the end of
the play Creon tries to do right by his son and others by releasing Antigone after giving Polyneices a
proper burial.
Eurydice: The Queen of Thebes, wife of Creon and mother to Haemon. Her objective is out of grief
for her son's death make Creon sufer more, so she commits suicide. She is shaken is despair that she
lost her son and curses Creon, telling him it was is pride and foolishness that killed him and now
her.
Haemon: Prince of Thebes and son to Creon and Eurydice. His objective is to help his future wife
Antigone survive and try to convince his father to let her go. When he finds out Antigone is being
imprisoned he immediately goes to his father and pleads with his father but he will not hear it. He
loves Antigone so much he is willing to go to the ends of the Earth for her, but when he finds out
Antigone

Psychological Contract: Argyris Social Exchange Theory
Psychological Contracts Historical Development; Social Exchange Theory. Argyris' social exchange
theory illustrates how the employee and employer relationship has matured over the past quarter
century with the aid of recent research and reconceptualization into Rousseau's' psychological
contract. The social exchange theory involves unspecified obligations where one party needs to trust
the other that the benefits received will be reciprocated. The reciprocation of benefits enhances
trustworthiness which in turn facilitates the ongoing conferring of benefits and discharging of
obligations over the long term (Coyle–Shapiro, et al,.2008). Blau (1964, p.94) proposed that the
social exchange theory was linked to emotions such as "feelings of personal obligations, gratitude
and trust" which is resembled strongly in the current theory of psychological contracts which
ultimately emanated from this historical development. It could be argued that the social exchange
theory ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ultimately this complication is a relatively new dilemma in the work place, as Guest (1998)
considers that only in the past ten years has it emerged as a serious topic for empirical and
conceptual analysis, although its origins reside within the work advocated by Argyris on the social
exchange theory. Guest (2004), argues that the primary focus of the psychological contract is the
employment relationship at the individual level between the employer and the employee. This
reinstates the aforementioned notion that over the past twenty five years organisations have
transitioned from a collective bargaining hierarchy towards an individualised work environment
enabling theories such as the psychological contract to

Social Psychological Theories Of Criminal Behavior
In the world of youth and delinquent, criminals advancing their activity into adulthood, social
psychological theories help to develop the criminal justice field to better cope with what is faced by
youths. "Social psychological theories of criminal behavior emphasize subjective life experiences,
such as the development of one's identity, cognitive and emotional processes, and the capacity to
make choices." (Listenbee, 2014 p.1.) Utilizing social aspects of the past and present criminal
justice agencies can predict the type of life that may be lived by the young adult, whether it is a
criminally active life–style or more conformed to the civilities of society. With knowledge of what
may yet come in the life of a juvenile, it is possible to curve the criminal activity of the youth by
placing them into detention centers or counseling programs to steer them into a positive direction.
This would take the full complement of energy from all those that participate in the life of the youth
to include parents, teachers, counselors and any other adults in the youths life. In utilizing social
psychological theories information must be gathered and obtained so that a structure can be formed
from those with experience in the development of morals to youths. Youth counselors are the most
likely to be placed in the position to speak with juveniles either on a one on one basis or in a group
scene. In concerns to the juvenile court system, it is easy for the officials of the court

Annotated Bibliography On Multicultural Supervision
Annotated Bibliography
Supervision & Staff Development, SWGS 6615
Professor Hertz Oriana Golfarini
March 8th, 2016
Introduction: Multicultural according to dictionary.com "representing several different cultures or
cultural elements." Multiculturalism is vital in the social work profession and especially in
supervision because everyone involved (supervisor, supervisee, and client) cultural backgrounds and
assumptions are taken into account. Creating a space for multicultural supervision allows for
everyone to learn from each other. Multicultural supervision is important in today's social work
because the world is becoming more global and diverse and being able to have a space where all ...
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Ancis, J. R., & Marshall, D. S. (2010). Using a Multicultural Framework to Assess Supervisees '
Perceptions of Culturally Competent Supervision. Journal of Counseling & Development, 88(3),
277–284. The authors interviewed four participants about their feelings on multi–cultural
supervision. The participants felt their supervisors encouraged "explor[ation of] multicultural issues
with the goal of increase[ing] understanding of clients and of themselves" (p.282). The awareness of
supervisor's own multicultural understanding lead to more self–disclosure on behalf of everyone
involved. One result from this study is the concept and complexity of advocacy and how involved
supervisors are in supporting their supervisees in engaging in it. In this study supervisors were seen
as "open, accepting, and flexible" (p.282) in the supervision process, which seemed to affect both
relationships (supervisory and clinical).
Eketone, A. (2012). The Purpose of Cultural Supervision. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work
Review., 24(3/4), 20–30. The author state all four types of cultural supervision (cross–cultural,
culturally appropriate, culturally competent, and culturally effective) are applicable the work done
between the Māori social workers and their clients. The author believes it is difficult for mainstream
agencies to "find appropriate cultural supervisors [added to the] lack of confidence in using Māori
approaches...by many young Māori

Human Diversity Issues In Social Work
There are several issues related to issues of human diversity that have influenced the development
of my interest in social work. As I take a look around my community and what is occurring in the
world I notice the different cultures, environments, and lack of humanity. I took an interest in these
three categories and learned there are recurring issues within each. There is a lack of cultural
competency in the society. Different cultures do not interact effectively with one another as much as
they should. A person may interact differently with a certain culture once they are forced or need to.
For example, a person may only interact with a person from a different culture for work purposes or
attending a certain event. Majority of people (cultures) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rather, it was helping my peers with homework or a certain situation within their life. In my late
teenage years I became interested in mentoring my peers and underclassmen. (People seem to
gravitate towards me for advice frequently.) In high school, I was introduced to becoming a
counselor as a career. I was then convinced that becoming a counselor or a social worker was the
career field for me. As a teenager, I developed a goal and showed an ambition that has not altered.
As an adult I would like to continue my journey to become a social worker and eventually open my
own practice. I believe Barry University of Social work would be the best school for me to obtain
my goal. Barry University is known for its Master of Social Work program. The classroom setting is
nice and I will be able to have one on with the professors, when needed. Compared to other
universities the courses provided here will prepare me to pass the license exam for the state of

Psychological And Social Process Theory Paper
There are many theories that attempt to explain the cause of crime. Two theories for the cause of
crime are the Psychological and Social Process Theory. According to Schmalleger (2015),
psychological theorist believe "crime is the result of inappropriate behavioral conditioning or a
diseased mind" (p. 78). Social Process Theory claims "crime results from failure of self–direction,
from inadequate social roles, or from associating with others who are already criminals"
(Schmalleger, 2015, p. 103). Another theory is Conflict theory, Schmalleger (2015) states that
according to conflict theory "crime is a natural consequence of social, political, and economic
inequities" (p. 77). Another approach to crime causation is the Sociological theories which argue
"the individual is a product of his or her environment" (Schmalleger, 2015, p. 103).
Conflict theories are based on the belief that conflict among groups is unavoidable. According to
Schmalleger (2015), conflict theorists highlight the stress that arise among a social group as they
compete for resources and survival (p. 99). Conflict theorist believe that laws are tools of power
which further the interests of those who make them. This allows for those in power to gain control
of resources and deny accesses to disenfranchised groups (Schmalleger, 2015, p. 99).
Sociological theories on crime causation are pretty different, but they are all built on certain
foundations. According to Schmalleger (2015), sociological theorist

Social Work Reflection Paper
The developmental stages of infancy and childhood carry the most dramatic changes of any lifespan
development stage. While many changes that occur during these stages are biological and can be
influenced little by the experiences of the child, countless outcomes can be affected by the
interactions an infant has in their environment. Interactions include; positive, negative, and level of
attentiveness with parents, grandparents, and any other regular contact a child may have with
caregivers, among other things (Belsky, 1984). Additionally, nutrition a mother ingests preceding
the birth of a child and the nourishment a child ingests post birth have distinct impact on
development. Generally, these concepts are acknowledged, accepted, and illustrious in the
community. Conversely, the purpose of our class is to obtain a deeper understanding of practices and
theories that arm us with tools to help the population we serve to maximize the potential of our
clients and their children. There is a wide range of critical topics imperative for social workers to
have a strong understanding of which has been covered in this class, and narrowing down which
topics are the most important to know is no small task as identifying those topics suggest some are
more important than others. In reality, our future clients will ultimately dictate which concepts are
most important in practice. With that said, I have selected themes that I believe are either important
theory that provide

The Effects Of Social Cognitive Theory On The Behavior Of...
Natural environments and outdoor settings are common places people go when they want to relax or
temporarily escape life's problems. Most often, when choosing where to vacation, people commonly
select a destination with picturesque sceneries or serene landscapes. For this reason, natural outdoor
settings seem like an ideal place to incorporate recreational therapy activities for those with physical
and mental health issues. Recreational therapists should consider several aspects of their patients
lives when creating these outdoor therapy programs. This paper explores the social cognitive theory
and the behavioral, personal, and environmental constructs that affect the behavior of veterans with
PTSD and other psychological health issues. There will be a brief discussion regarding the details of
the study as well as the author's findings. In particular, the role of the environment on one's behavior
will be examined. The social cognitive theory is a social psychology theory created by Albert
Bandura that stems from the social learning theory. Social cognitive theory suggests that there are
multiple factors that shape and affect the behavior of an individual. Personal, behavioral, and
environmental factors can influence each other and influence how an individual behaves. The
hypothesis for this study was that nature based leisure experiences would benefit military veterans
by improving psychological well–being, social functioning, and life outlook. Various military

The Strengths Of Social-Psychological Theory In Hispanic...
Social–Psychological Theory The feeling of belonging to or pertaining to an organization where
common goals are expressed and pursued through the joint efforts of the members of that
community defines social–psychological theory. In other words, community members convey
similar thoughts and emotions regarding the betterment of their community through the devotion of
fulfilling a goal. Additionally, this communal effort stirs a sense of togetherness, fitting in, of
making new friends, and of belonging to an organization that is providing a functioning
environment. Ultimately, social–psychological theory emphasizes on how members of a community
feel about their relationship with other community members. Social–psychological theory involves
different community roles in different cultures. For example, in a Hispanic culture the father of a
family is seen as the man of the house or head of household. Therefore, he has the ultimate say in
what takes place within his home or how things are done. So, the father makes the imperative
decisions that deal strictly with his family such as who is allowed to enter his home and at what time
they are given permission to do so. Additionally, the Hispanic culture is structured as such and will
continue with tradition until a break in the ritual changes. A strength pertaining to social–
psychological theory is the feeling of sharing an important identity to everyday life. Yet, a weakness
is how a certain culture behaves and may be

The Juvenile Service Department Is A Centralized...
) Overview of the agency; purpose/mission: The Juvenile Services Department is a centralized
processing, referral, and evaluation center for all youths arrested in Miami–Dade County. While at
the JSD, all youths are provided with juvenile screening and substance abuse/mental health
assessment. (http://www.miami–dadeclerk.com/families_juvenile_arrested.asp) B) Population being
served: The population being served at the Juvenile Service Department includes adolescents and
children. The program serves youth of all genders, races, and ethnicity. C) Services rendered to
clients: Services at the Juvenile Service Department incorporate referrals to group based
associations (CBO 's) for different reasons, for example, substance abuse, counseling, family
therapy, individual therapy, teen court, anti–gang strategy, community resources, prevention
services, violence intervention project (VIP), and Youth Commission. likewise youth are assigned to
sanctions that include phone reporting, monitoring educational goals, no new law violations,
curfews, and group benefit. These approvals advance youth obligation, mindfulness, and a better
understanding of the group. Additionally offered by the agency is the opportunity to sign up for a
library card. D) Explain your role in the agency: As an intern at the Juvenile Services Department, I
have a caseload of youth that are participating in the program, I am responsible for conducting
intake assessments with the child and the

The Social Psychological Strain Theory
There are numerous theoretical theories that can be applied to Fish's case. Agnew's social–
psychological strain theory (1992, 2005), focuses on mistreatment and abuse as a source of acute
stress in individuals. The theory suggests that when someone presents an individual with a negative
or noxious stimuli it could promote aggressive behaviour (amongst other negative outcomes) in the
targeted individual (Agnew, 1992, 2005). This in turn could possibly lead to the targeted individual
involving themselves in illegal activities (Agnew, 1992, 2005). This theory helps to provide an
explanation as to why Fish committed his heinous crimes as he along with the other boys at St Johns
orphanage were reported to have been relentlessly abused, physically, emotionally, and sexually by
the staff (Bardsley, 2012; Schechter, 2003). According to Brown et al., (2014), the staff would often
strip the children of their clothes then proceed to viciously beat them, this was made worse by the
fact that the other children were forced to watch the savage beatings. Fish stated "I was there [St.
John's Orphanage] till I was nearly nine and that's where I got started wrong. We were unmercifully
whipped. I saw boys doing many things they should not have done" (Berry–Dee, 2011, pp 157).
Fish was abused in front of the other students and humiliated on numerous occasions, researchers
suggested that Fish's treatment was a severe form of shame punishment (Ramsland & McGrain,
2009; Schechter, 2003). Fish

Psychological Theories In Health And Social Care
Psychology is the study of the behaviour, emotions and thought processes. It, however, can
contribute to our relationship as well as ourselves with other individuals, if it is applied in other
ways that are informed (Churchill Lecture Notes, 2018). Moreover, psychology in health and social
care refers to the application of the theories of psychology and also research which promotes the
evidenced based public health and personal. Psychology in health and social care is important in
various ways. One of the main reason is to promote the health and well–being of individuals
(Churchill Lecture Notes, 2018).
In addition, it helps the care professionals to gain a better understanding with the process of
communication so that they are able to identify ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As with Thomas in the case study, his feelings and emotions must be recognised as he keeps on
having memory of being an orphanage. He needs to be motivated of the acceptance of facts. Carl
Rogers is in agreement with Abraham Maslow's theory as it relates to self–actualisation whereby, he
suggest that individuals need to be in a surrounding that gives them authenticity, acceptance and
empathy so they are able to advance. Mr. Thomas was giving empathy and authenticity in which the
social worker made efforts so he could get better but he has not adjusted to his negative thoughts
that causes him to feel tied, restless and tense. On the other hand, Carl Rogers is of the believe that
everyone can accomplish whatever they desire.
Abraham Maslow main focus is the pyramid which is the hierarchy of needs to explain motivation
that make highlights that a person needs to start from the basic physical needs to the highest needs
which is self–actualization to maximize their full potential.
However, Maslow's humanistic approach to development has well as behaviour is mainly based on
the beliefs of individuals that each person has different needs which is usually met or satisfied in a
certain sequence before the person can further

Social Work: Kantian And Utilitarian Theory
Shared values are essential in the creating a successful relationship between the client and social
worker. Social workers operate within society, not only to assist the individual but to create a more
cohesive society. Values and ethics permeate the whole of social work practice and the society
within which it practices (Shardlow 1989). Values are afforded a high position within social work,
this is highlighted in: "Social work is a professional activity. Implicit in its practice are ethical
principles which prescribe the professional responsibility of the social worker" (British Association
of Social Workers (BASW) Code of Ethics). However, there is a danger that any list of values will
become something which is quoted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Social work takes its values from various sources, including – Kantian, Utilitarian, Common
Morality and Professional Codes of Conduct. Both the Kantian and Utilitarian theories cannot
provide social work practice with a complete set of values and ethics. Both the theories have their
limitation and strengths. Kant saw the world in black and white, even if a lie could prevent a greater
evil the act of lying is fundamentally wrong. Utilitarian theory justifies actions by the end justifying
the means. Social work concerns "respect for the person", this idea originates from Kant, an
eighteenth century German philosopher. Beauchamp (1996) defines the principle as a fundamental
standard of conduct on which many other standards and judgements depend, a principle that
provides an essential norm in a system of thought or belief. Common morality is the idea that all
humans have an inbuilt awareness of certain moral norms e.g. murder is wrong, stopping a child
running into the road is right. Western philosophy has been debating ethics and morality for
thousands of years and still has not formalised a definition for them, so how can anyone truly
understand? Furthermore, if the greatest philosophers throughout history have been debating ethics
and morality, how can the common man truly understand it?
Social work is centred on ethical and moral issues within

The Social Cognitive Theory Of Albert Bandura
The Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura Albert Bandura is well known for his
accomplishments and scientific contributions to the world of psychology. His research has helped to
explain how individuals in a society are influenced by other individuals in the same society. It has
also helped in understanding how external factors can influence's ones feelings of self–worth. Albert
Bandura was born in Alberta, Canada on December 5, 1925. Throughout his childhood, Bandura
was part of a school system that had only a modicum of books and controlled access to educational
resources. "The students had to take charge of their own education," (Cherry, 2014). After high
school Bandura enrolled into the University of British Columbia, where his fascination for
psychology began. Originally, psychology was just intended to be on of Bandura's filler classes, but
with more exposure, it ignited his interest in it and he began pursuing it as a career. To continue his
pursuit for his career as a psychologist, Bandura attended the University Iowa for graduate school. It
was there that Bandura both his M.A. degree (1951) and his Ph.D. (1952). Soon after he earned his
Ph.D., Bandura started work at Stanford University, where he continues to work. Bandura is best
known for his development of The Social Learning Theory. Bandura (1977) stated in his theory that
behavior is instructed from the environment through a process known as observational learning. The
Social Learning Theory presumes

The Impact Of Omari On A Culturally Competent Household
Omari was raised in a culturally competent household, as a result of this, it has enabled him to
experience multiple cultures his entire life. This is unique, because not many children are able to say
they were raised in a household that was African American and Asian with the religious faiths of
both Christianity and Muslim existing under the same roof. While the United States is becoming
itself more culturally competent, it is uncertain how many families raise their children with this
same understanding (Yan & Wong, 2005, pp. 181–188). Omari was able to learn in this environment
and was given the opportunity to make decisions that benefited him, while still maintaining the
support of his parents. Aside from religious and ethnic challenges he faced, being able to learn from
what his parents experienced while they were growing up helped to shape the way he is today.
Growing up in areas that were not ideal and moving to a better place, was one manner his parents
were able to help ensure that he would be given better opportunities than they had. This allowed him
to make the decision to leave his parents and join the military. Which, while rough, has given him
his present situation. The most difficult part of Omari's current situation has to do with his living
environment. Which was once a desirable area, is now drug ridden due to the economic collapse.
Omari still focuses on the positive of this aspect, that he has his parents support and close friends he
grew up with. A

Social Work Capstone Reflection
This capstone course assisted in connecting all the material I have learned thus far in the program as
well as helped me to identify what skills and knowledge I need to continue working on. The
capstone presentation, as well as class, helped me to practice strength–based language and be
conscious of how I describe my clients when presenting them to others. It can be a habit to use
negative language to describe a problem–saturated story and unintentionally describe a patient's
story in a way that comes off as stigmatizing. This class helped me become conscious and tactful
about how I word sensitive circumstances. It was a great experience to present my patient's case to
the class and practice being thoughtful of how I portrayed my patient's presenting problem to the
group.
A patient frequently comes to a social worker with a variety of problems, and it can be
overwhelming trying to determine where to start with the patient. In capstone class, we discussed
presenting problems and determining which problem is more appropriate to focus on within the
agency setting. In class we were able to practice identifying the presenting problem by using case
vignettes as an example. This activity was extremely helpful in learning how to identify a patient's
presenting problem and acquiring the skill to determine which problem takes precedence within
certain settings. Two overarching perspectives that I will focus on are striving to be culturally
responsive and using evidence–based

Personality According To Biological And Social...
My Little Brother's Personality According to Biological and Social Cognitive Theories When I was
a little girl, my parents were foster parents because they wanted to adopt another child. Throughout
my childhood, there were many children who would come stay with us for a few days, sometimes a
few weeks or sometimes a few months. When I was 9 years old, my older sister, Miranda, and I
came home from school and noticed a little tricycle in our front yard. We ran inside to meet this cute
17 months–old little boy named Jordan. Jordan's biological mother was a substance abuser and she
continued to abuse while she was pregnant with him. We suspect that this resulted in some of the
learning and behavioral problems that he deals with daily. Jordan is now 15 years old. As he has
gotten older, we have noticed how his personality differs from the rest of our family's. I will be
defining his personality by applying Eysenck's Biological Theory, Temperament, and Bandura's
Social Cognitive Theory. Eysenck's Biological Theory Jordan has always been unapologetically
annoying. He scores high on the extraversion end of the first dimension. He is very social and rarely
meets a stranger. He is popular amongst his peers at school, which could mostly be because they
have all been going to school together since Kindergarten. He is in show choir, and he also runs for
the Cross–Country team. Jordan spends most of his time hanging out with friends, talking with
friends, playing

Psychological Breach Case Study Examples
A breach in psychological contract is essentially the organization's inabilities and its setback in
accomplishing its obligations towards the employees of the organization (Matthijs Bal, W. Jansen,
S. Chiaburu, 2010). Due to the fact that a psychological contract breach is considered a set of
unforeseen obligations and occasions that is likely to pose as a barrier between the employee and
employer relationship, thereby producing contrary results in the workplace than that which is
expected.
Lester (2002) submitted that employees are likely to experience a diminished level of commitment,
a decreased level of work performance, and they are likely to witness to the fact that their
psychological contract had being breached. In addition, Conway & Briner (2002) stated that the
psychological wellbeing of employees is likely to reduce when there is a breach in the psychological
contract and as result, talent retention in an organisation will diminish (Tekleab & Taylor, 2003).
Morrinson and Robinson (1997) also proposed a theoretical model, which highlights several
conditions that contributes to the perception of a breach in psychological contract. Their proposal
shows reneging and incongruence as the main causes of a perceived psychological contract breach.
Reneging is the instance whereby agent(s) of an organisation acknowledges that certain obligations
are owed to the employees but intentionally fails to meet the those obligations (Robinson et al.
2000). Changes in the

Different Definitions For Cultural Competency
There are various definitions for cultural competency depending on the various, but each definition
relates to one thing, understanding an environment other than your own. In the Psychology
dictionary, cultural competency is defined as, "Taking ownership of the abilities and insight which
are recommended for and particular to a chosen culture." To be culturally competent, one must
possess the capacity to work effectively with people from a variety of ethnic, cultural, political,
economic, and religious backgrounds. It is being aware and respectful of others values, beliefs, and
traditions. As social workers whom work closely with children, we must be mindful to the customs
and parenting styles of those we serve. Cultural competency is ... Show more content on
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These standards provide guidance to social workers in all areas of social work practice in
responding effectively to culture and cultural diversity in policy and practice settings. (NASW) The
standards provided by the National Association of S.W. are to enhance knowledge, skills, and values
in practice and policy development relative to culturally diverse populations. In other words, they
are set into place for everyone to be treated fairly.
There is often as wide a range of differences within groups. Examples of the different types of
cultural groups are gender, culture, disability, parental status etc. Within each group, we must take
into account the differences in each group. Cultural considerations are crucial to the effectiveness of
any counseling approach. ( J.J Murphy) For example, a white social worker may not see oppression
in Black Americans, because they are going through conflict and pain themselves, and they have not
considered the pain blacks endured and their white oppression. (G. Applebey) Another example of
cultural consideration is Hispanics and Latinos. In an article by Karen Peterson–Iyer, it states that
"The United States defines someone "Hispanic" or "Latino" as a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto
Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race." (K.
Peterson) In the Unites States, Hispanics are not considered as a race. The Hispanic culture is not
taken into

Social Psychological Theories On The Film Of Kill A...
The film "To Kill a Mockingbird" is an extraordinary illustration of the Southern United States
stereotypical racial injustice that were exist in the American history. The main highlights of the film
is the innocent black man was falsely accused of raping a white girl. There were many social
psychological theories and phenomenon were found such as mass delusion, confirmation bias, self–
serving bias, conformity, group influence, traditional gender roles throughout the movie. By
providing strong evidences from the film there paper will discuss these social psychological
concepts in detail. An important psychological concept named mass delusion is observed in the film.
A mass delusion is when a large group of people all hold the same false belief. In the film, all the
whites hold false belief about the blacks. The white folks typically sees the blacks as criminals,
rapist etc. That is why when the black guy Tom Robinson is accused of raping a white girl, none of
the white folks tried to find out the actual truth. They totally believed that the black guy was the
rapist. However, the defendant lawyer Atticus believed that Tom did not commit the crime. In spite
of being a white man, he decides to take Tom's case and get justice for him. Confirmation bias is
noticed in the movie among the white folks. Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for
information that confirms one's preconceptions. The whites had the wrong perceptions of blacks for
many years. Therefore, all the

Human Relationships And The Social Psychological Theories...
Human relationships are the foundation of human life, they strongly influence other individual's
behaviour (Bercheid et al., 2000). There are different types of relationships such as co workers,
friendship, marriage which all involve a connection and therefore is an important characteristic of
the formation of human relationships (Salisch 1996). The purpose of this essay is to explore
research within human relationships and the relevant social psychological theories that have been
linked with this conflicting topic. The theories that will be discussed throughout this essay will be
the attribution theory, social learning theory, social exchange, attachment theory, evolutionary
theory and the breakdown of relationships. This would initially ... Show more content on
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To explain human relationships further, the social exchange theory can be another definite
explanation to help distinguish how we feel to be with other people and how one perceives to be
with them, either to rekindle their relationship or to question the decisions that make to be in a
relationship (Kelley 1959). The social exchange theory can be defined as a term that allows
behaviour to be exchanged to allow a relationship between two people to happen (Huston et al.,
2013). An individual social life involves interactions between two people which can be viewed as
social exchanges in terms of costs and benefits (Nakagawa et al., 2013). By taking the view of
human relationships the social exchange theory argues that individuals engage in a cost benefit
analysis which forms their relationship with others (Milkie et al., 2004). When the costs and benefits
are equal in a relationship, it is defined as equitable (Siddiqui 2008). Moreover, romantic
relationships may be difficult for some people as it involves interpersonal skills in order to make
them mutually satisfying therefore requires constant maintenance. Recently, Psychologists have
begun to look at the breakdown of relationships and the characteristics which requires them to fail.
The breakdown of relationship is a theory which explains the failure of certain human relationships
and the factors that may be involved such as lack

Use Of Pictographs Can Improve Cross Cultural Communication
Pictographs
Moreover, the use of pictographs can improve cross cultural communication. Pictograms is a visual
language aim to establish the most important type of communication using visual language to
transcending language barriers. For instance, it was stated, "Languages allow us to communicate
with each other in a relatively effortless way because they rely on many types of conventions (e.g.,
morphological, syntactic, semantic, phonetic)" (Nakamura & Zeng–Treitler, 2012, p. 535). It is a
language that enables the essential meaning to be understood visually at a glance, irrespective of
differences of cultural or language.
In additional, pictograms is use in the Medical Health industry to improve the communication with
people who speak different languages. To emphasize, it was stated, "As a universal language to
communicate with people speaking different languages, pictographs can be an efficient tool to
improve healthcare education for this underserved population" (Choi, 2011). Pictograph is a
powerful tool to use for cross cultural communication.
Furthermore, the ability to have and create pictograph will enhance cross cultural communication.
For instance, as it was stated, "There is a good chance that pictographs created using a combination
of representation strategies may yield higher recognition rates. (Choi, 2011) The combination of
pictographs and communication will improve the language barriers in cross cultural communication.
Resources
Additionally, the resources

Interior Design Social And Psychological Theories
Interior Design social and psychological theories were developed to aid the designers in better
understanding people's needs when it comes to a space. Even in ancient times, requirements had to
be met to make living conditions bearable. High ceilings, clerestory windows that allowed natural
sun light in, tripartite floor plan arrangement and more were some of the norms of design that
helped people psychologically and socially adapt to their current conditions.
How do people feel when they are at a certain setting? What triggers discomfort, irritation or
distress? What causes good mood, appetite or comfort? This is what Psychological & Social theories
explore, the space–people relationship and the space–mind relationship. Psychological ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bad lighting or no natural lighting, wrong color palette, how crowded the space may feel, lack of
privacy & much more, are some things that if not taken into consideration could make the stay in a
space unbearable. The final goal is for the occupier of the space to feel comfortable and at ease
whether in a public or a private setting. Although there are many settings that must accomplished
the explained above in this chapter, however, we will be focusing on the Psychological and Social
theories in restaurant design for it is one of the most common examples that includes all the aspects
explained in this chapter.
Today, high levels of people populate public settings causing many requirements and demands to
arise. One of them is the need for privacy in the often–crowded public areas. When designing a
restaurant layout, it is important to consider how much privacy will the visitors have. One of the
biggest dilemmas in restaurant design is the need for tables and seating space which maximizes the
profit of the business. However, overcrowding a space with furniture can make the diners feel
enclosed and uncomfortable for no one likes to be too close to a stranger. On the other hand, just as
people don't like very crowded spaces, they don' like very big ones either for they seem cold and
impersonal giving them a sense of exclusion. It is important to find the balance between the both.
Privacy is best described as "a process by

Discuss two social psychological theories of aggression
Discuss two social psychological theories of aggression (24 marks)
One social psychological theory of aggression is social learning theory. SLT argues that like all
behaviour, aggression is learned through both direct and indirect reinforcement. Behaviour which is
reinforced, be that positively or negatively – positive reinforcement occurs when the behaviour
causes desired outcomes, negative reinforcement occurs when the behaviour causes undesirable
outcomes – is more likely to be learned and repeated. Operant conditioning states that learning the
behaviour occurs through direct reinforcement, for example if a child cleans their room and is given
some sweets (positive reinforcement) or when a child cleans their room so their parent stops ...
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Many said that when they were in the experiment they felt that they were expected to act
aggressively towards the bobo doll.
On the other hand, social learning theory does allow us to explain the enormous cultural variations
of aggression. SLT can account for these variations as it places value on social norms. This explains
society such as the Amish where there is very little aggression as it indicates the importance of
learning over biology. Secondly, through context–dependent learning, SLT accounts for why people
may be aggressive in one situation and yet not in another, as we learn that while in some situations
aggressive behaviour is rewarded, we also learn that in others it is not. Patterson et al found
evidence in favour of social learning theory within his research into the importance of role models
in the development of anti–social behaviour. Through questionnaires they found that very aggressive
children tend to be raised in homes of high aggression, little affection and little positive feedback.
Also, Mead found that the Arapesh (an example of a non–aggressive culture in which aggression is
not admired and therefore not modelled or reinforces by adults.
However, social learning theory is criticised for being both reductionist and over simplistic in its
attempt to explain aggression. It is reductionist as it attempts to break down complex human
behaviour into a series of four processes – Attention, Retention, Production and

The Movement Of Child And Youth Care Practice Within The Uk
This paper will focus on key factors which hold prevalence to the movement of child and youth care
practice within the UK. Reference will be made to Child and Youth Care (CYC) within the context
of a Residential Child Care setting (RCCS) which will be defined. Attention will be drawn to the
most significant historical events which have influenced the development of Residential child care
(RCC) and the overarching identity attached to it. Consider will be given to relationship between
RCC and Social Services and the importance of RCC as a single profession. This will include
discussion around knowledge base and qualification of the Residential Child Care Worker (RCCW).
For the context of this paper any reference to RCC or the RCCS will refer to a children 's home
based in the UK.
Smith et al (2013) describes the RCCS as "a children's home, residential school, hospital or secure
accommodation". Smith adds that within RCC "a child is offered care–physical nurturing, learning
opportunities, specialised behaviour training and promotion of health and wellbeing". A modern
approach within the paradigm of RCC, offering aversion from historical events which have formed
perception that RCC is a last resort and a family setting is the preferred choice The Curtis Report
(1946) and Children Who Wait (1998). A number of child abuse cases over the last 20 years have
resulted in national attention. This has resulted in negative attention being draw to RCCS and
societal pressures for the

The Juvenile Service Department Is A Centralized...
A) Overview of the agency; purpose/mission: The Juvenile Services Department is a centralized
processing, referral and evaluation center for all youths arrested in Miami–Dade County. While at
the JSD, all youths are provided with juvenile screening and substance abuse/mental health
assessment. (http://www.miami–dadeclerk.com/families_juvenile_arrested.asp) B) Population being
served: The population being served at Juvenile Service Department includes adolescents and
children. The program serves youth of all genders, races and ethnicity. C) Services rendered to
clients: Services at the Juvenile Service Department include incorporate referrals to group based
associations (CBO 's) for different reasons, for example, substance abuse counseling, family
therapy, individual therapy, teen court, anti–gang strategy, community resources prevention services,
violence intervention project (VIP), and Youth Commission. likewise youth are assigned to
sanctions that include phone reporting, monitoring educational goals, no new law violations,
curfews and group benefit. These approvals advance youth obligation, mindfulness and a better
understanding of the group. Additionally offered by the agency is the opportunity to sign up for a
library card. D) Explain your role in the agency: As an intern at the Juvenile Services Department, I
have a caseload of youth that are participating in the program, I am responsible for conducting
intake assessments with the child and the child's parent's

A Social Worker Has A Large And Diverse Population
A school social worker has a large and diverse population that they work with. This can cause a
variety of needs that a social worker has to try and meet. One population a school social worker may
have to work with is immigrant children. Working with immigrant children can bring many
challenges, including higher educational and social needs, due to not fully understanding the
English language. Another challenge that may be present is working with a higher probability of
these children living in poverty. One way a school social worker can help meet the needs of
immigrant children is through after–school programs. Joy Pastan Greenberg (2014) shows this in the
journal article Significance of After–School Programming for Immigrant Children ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
After–school programs have proven to have positive effects on social and emotional development.
The benefits are protection and opportunities for enrichment, socialization, and acculturation. Also,
after–school programs help to increase educational attainment. This is important when only about
20% of learning happens in the classroom. After–school programs provide activities such as art,
sports, recreation and educational enrichment. It also allows children to form relationships with
peers and adults. Another benefit of after–school programs that it encourages the development of
identity and personal exploration (Greenberg, 2014, pp 243–251).
A school social worker has many different roles when working with immigrant children. One role
that a social worker has is being an advocate for the need of after–school programs. School social
workers also advocate for funding at a local, state, and federal levels. Another role is being an
educator. School social workers can educate families of the benefits that after–school programs
have. They can also educate the community members about specific immigrant populations. This
way the community members can better understand more about the culture of the immigrant
population in their community and became more culturally sensitive. School social workers can also
educate policy makers on the importance of after–school programs. An additional role a social
worker has in this setting is a broker, connecting

Cultural Competency And Social Work Practice
The BusinessDictionary.com defines cultural competency as, "A set of behaviors, policies, and
attitudes which form a system or agency which allows cross–cultural groups to effectively work
professionally in situations. This includes human behaviors, languages, communications, actions,
values, religious beliefs, social groups, and ethic perceptions. Individuals are competent to function
on their own and within an organization where multi–cultural situations will be present" (2016).
Our communities are composed of various ethnicities which have led to the need to incorporate
cultural competency in state legislation, federal statutes and programs, private sector organization
and academic settings. The Indicators for the Achievement of the NASW Standards for Cultural
Competency in Social Work Practice is the manual that guides the social practice in attaining
cultural competency.
Since cultural competence includes attaining the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to enable
practitioners to provide effective care for diverse populations, reading and adhering to the Indicators
for the Achievement of the NASW Standards for Cultural Competency in Social Work Practice, will
allow me to incorporate the ten standards in my daily practice. The ten standards include; ethics and
values, self–awareness, cross–cultural knowledge, cross–cultural skills, service delivery,
empowerment and advocacy, diverse workforce, professional education, language diversity, and
cross–cultural leadership.
Some

What Are the Social Factors That Influence Interpersonal...
What are the social factors that influence interpersonal attraction? Discuss in relation to relevant
psychological theories and studies Interpersonal relationships are the close relationships we form
with others around us. They range from close romantic relationships up to more casual relationships
such as acquaintances or university peers. There are numerous numbers of social factors that may
lead to interpersonal attraction such as proximity, physical attractiveness, similarity and reciprocity.
There are also numerous theories into attraction and how humans form interpersonal relationships.
Proximity or being close to a person has a big influence on our choice of friends or romantic
partners, previous research suggests that the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a study carried out by Byrne (1971) found that strangers with similar attitudes to participants
were rated as being more physically attractive in comparison to participants which had dissimilar
attitudes. Another factor in interpersonal attraction is Reciprocity, this is the tendency to be attracted
to people who like us and tend to be less attracted to those individuals that dislike us. In a study
carried out by Dittes & Kelley (1956) the findings show that participants conformed more when told
'other group members like you' in comparison when told 'other group members dislike you'. People
who have the tendency to have low self–esteem or are highly insecure concerning interpersonal
relationships have a greater need for positive feedback from others around them, in order to form
close interpersonal relationships. As well as the social factors that lead to interpersonal relationships
there are a number of different theories that also account for the formation of interpersonal
relationships. The matching hypothesis by Walster et al (1966) is such a theory. In the study a
computer dance was organised in which the participants were randomly allocated to partners.
Midway during the dance the participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding the view
of their partners. The views were recorded and compared to judges views of the physical
attractiveness of the

Social Media And Social Work
Social Media and Social Worker the Odd Couple Social media and social work, quite the odd
couple. This odd couple has now become closely entangled. According to the "Article
Communication Technology Integration into Social Work Practice," 66% of the new social work
graduates are social media savvy. Social media has become an essential part of social work, but
concerns have been raised. Although we know the world is constantly changing, author Lindsey
Getz notes:
The use of mobile technology in healthcare has secured a foothold. But while opportunities exist for
social workers to adopt these technologies in their practices, acceptance has been slow. The
reluctance is not surprising as the foundation of social work is built on human interaction. But the
research and experience thus far indicates that mobile application technology has the capability to
support the social worker–client relationship.
One type of social media used by social workers are "Cyber– therapy," which is a three–dimensional
virtual world making it possible for client and worker to work together by using digitally generated
caricature– like images on their computer screens, and entering an online therapy community and
participating in individual or group counseling. Self–guided, web–based interventions is another
social media used in social work. Social workers use this as access to a wide variety of online
interventions. The client goes online, answers a questionnaire and receives therapeutic

When becoming a social worker, psychological theories and...
When becoming a social worker, psychological theories and concepts can benefit greatly in order to
improve professional standards. These theories and concepts include the cognitive perspective and
psychodynamic perspective.
The cognitive viewpoint concentrates on the way individuals recognize prepare and recover
information. Cognitive psychologists are intrigued by how memory functions how individuals take
care of issues and settle on choices and comparable inquiries. (L.Burton, D.Westen, R. Kowalski,
2012. p.g.19)
The Cognitive theory plays an important role in improving a social workers understanding of a
mentally impaired individual. This theory allows a social worker to see the patients greater values
and beliefs as well as specifying ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kowalski, 2012. p.g.13).
The psychodynamic concept would benefit a social worker by "Attempting to mobilize the strengths
of the personality and the resources of the environment at strategic points to improve the
opportunities available to the individual and to develop more effective personal and interpersonal
functioning". (Hollis 1977: 1308). Social workers deal with foster children which some that are
mentally disabled. These children have experienced horrific events in the past which explains why
they behave today and towards the future.
A social worker might benefit from this viewpoint by knowing the points of confinement of the
foster kid's ability to adapt to everyday challenges.
Casework involves a social worker studying a family's history as a whole sometimes through
therapy. A social worker could use this idea as it relates through the psychodynamic perspective and
can give explanations of behaviors and differences today.
A social worker would benefit from having a better understanding their work practice through the
cognitive perspective and the psychodynamic perspective. These theories benefit the social worker
by mounting a stable mind and knowing the points of confinement of the foster kid's ability to adapt
so that the social worker can work with the child and help them overcome their horrific experiences.
Burton, L., & Westen, D. (2012). Psychology (3rd Australian and New Zealand ed.). Milton, Qld.:
John Wiley and Sons

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