Snake gourd is a tropical vine cultivated for its long, cylindrical fruits. It is rich in nutrients and used medicinally. The immature fruits and other plant parts are eaten as vegetables. Snake gourd grows best in warm, humid climates with well-draining soil high in organic matter. It is cultivated during both the summer and rainy seasons. Training is needed to support the long, soft fruits off the ground. Proper nutrient management and irrigation are important for high yields, which average 8-10 tons per hectare. The fruits have a very short shelf life and are usually sent straight to market after harvesting when tender.
Agronomic and cultural practices of black gram (soil ,climate ,seed rate ,distribution ,varieties, diseases and pest management,maturity ,harvesting, yield )
Recommendations for the farmer to get maximum yield .
Pea is an important vegetable in India; the crop is generally cultivated for its green pods. It is highly nutritive and is rich in protein. It is used as a vegetable or in soup, canned frozen or dehydrate. It is cooked as a vegetable along or with potatoes. Split grains of pea are widely used for dal. Pea straw is a nutritious fodder.
Presentation on the production technology and cultivation practices of Periwinkle in India. Periwinkle is gaining more importance due to cancer treatment drugs extracted from its roots, stems and leaves.
Raddish cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
Agronomic and cultural practices of black gram (soil ,climate ,seed rate ,distribution ,varieties, diseases and pest management,maturity ,harvesting, yield )
Recommendations for the farmer to get maximum yield .
Pea is an important vegetable in India; the crop is generally cultivated for its green pods. It is highly nutritive and is rich in protein. It is used as a vegetable or in soup, canned frozen or dehydrate. It is cooked as a vegetable along or with potatoes. Split grains of pea are widely used for dal. Pea straw is a nutritious fodder.
Presentation on the production technology and cultivation practices of Periwinkle in India. Periwinkle is gaining more importance due to cancer treatment drugs extracted from its roots, stems and leaves.
Raddish cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
The detail cultivation practices of Banana fruit crop.
HORT-243 Production technology of fruit crops and plantation crops.
Here, within this ppt the detail cultivation of banana fruit crop is included.
Implementation and impact of IPM. Safety issues in pesticide use. Political, ...Nikhil Kumar
IPM packages tested at several research centres vis-a-vis the farmers’ practices indicate superiority of the former. IPM practices enabled reduction in the number of chemical sprays. IPM system also resulted in increase of natural enemies by three-fold, reduced the insecticide and environmental pollution (Dhaliwal and Arora, 1996).
An integrated strategy for the management of major pests and diseases is possible by
I. breeding new varieties with built-in resistance,
II. evolving efficient methods of pest control through pest surveys and monitoring, and
III. biological control of pests with the help of conservation and augmentation of natural enemies like parasites, predators and insect pathogens.
The
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
BITTERGOURD CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BITTER GOURDArvind Yadav
BITTER GOURD
Scientific name : Momordica charantia L.
Family : Cucurbitaceae
Chromosome number :2n=22
Origin : Tropical Asia (Eastern India and
Southern China)
Common names : Balsam pear, Bitter cucumber
Varieties:-
Pusa Do Mausmi
Pusa Vishesh
CO 1
MDU 1
COBgoH-1
VK 1 Priya
Priyanka(Sel.1010)
Arka Harit
Harkani
Phule Green
This Presentation is about Lentil (Lens culinaris), also known as Massur, Masoor, Masura. This Presentation includes Introduction, Biological Classification, Morphology of Lentil Plant, Floral Biology, Origin, Cytology, Breeding Objectives, Breeding Procedures, Diseases and Insects damage the Lentil Crop,
BERSEEM Trifolium alexandriannium is an annual leguminous fodder crop.
One of the most suitable fodder crops for areas below 1700 m altitude with irrigation facilities.
Remains soft and succulent at all stages of growth.
It can be grown without irrigation in areas with high water table and under water-logged conditions.
Indigenous to Egypt.
This presentation is done by Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
The detail cultivation practices of Banana fruit crop.
HORT-243 Production technology of fruit crops and plantation crops.
Here, within this ppt the detail cultivation of banana fruit crop is included.
Implementation and impact of IPM. Safety issues in pesticide use. Political, ...Nikhil Kumar
IPM packages tested at several research centres vis-a-vis the farmers’ practices indicate superiority of the former. IPM practices enabled reduction in the number of chemical sprays. IPM system also resulted in increase of natural enemies by three-fold, reduced the insecticide and environmental pollution (Dhaliwal and Arora, 1996).
An integrated strategy for the management of major pests and diseases is possible by
I. breeding new varieties with built-in resistance,
II. evolving efficient methods of pest control through pest surveys and monitoring, and
III. biological control of pests with the help of conservation and augmentation of natural enemies like parasites, predators and insect pathogens.
The
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
BITTERGOURD CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BITTER GOURDArvind Yadav
BITTER GOURD
Scientific name : Momordica charantia L.
Family : Cucurbitaceae
Chromosome number :2n=22
Origin : Tropical Asia (Eastern India and
Southern China)
Common names : Balsam pear, Bitter cucumber
Varieties:-
Pusa Do Mausmi
Pusa Vishesh
CO 1
MDU 1
COBgoH-1
VK 1 Priya
Priyanka(Sel.1010)
Arka Harit
Harkani
Phule Green
This Presentation is about Lentil (Lens culinaris), also known as Massur, Masoor, Masura. This Presentation includes Introduction, Biological Classification, Morphology of Lentil Plant, Floral Biology, Origin, Cytology, Breeding Objectives, Breeding Procedures, Diseases and Insects damage the Lentil Crop,
BERSEEM Trifolium alexandriannium is an annual leguminous fodder crop.
One of the most suitable fodder crops for areas below 1700 m altitude with irrigation facilities.
Remains soft and succulent at all stages of growth.
It can be grown without irrigation in areas with high water table and under water-logged conditions.
Indigenous to Egypt.
This presentation is done by Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
Watermelon
Scientific Classification
History and distribution
Nutritive value
Climate and soil
Varieties of watermelon
River bed cultivation
Sowing
Method of sowing
Seed treatment
Manure and fertilizers
Irrigation
Diseases
Harvesting method
References
Thank you
Litchi (Litchi chinensis) is a delicious juicy fruit of excellent quality. Botanically it
belongs to Sapindaceae family. Litchi fruit is famous for its attractive red colour, excellent
quality characteristics and pleasant flavor.
Soil and climate:
Litchi is a sub-tropical fruit and thrives best under moist sub-tropical climate. It usually
prefers low elevation and can be grown up to an altitude of 800 m. (m.s.l.). Deep, well drained
loamy soil, rich in organic matter and having pH in the range of 5.0 to 7.0 is ideal for the crop.
Litchi cannot tolerate frost during winter and dry heat in summer. The temperature should not
go beyond 40.5 0C in summer and below freezing point in winter. Prolonged rain may be harmful
especially at the time of flowering, when it interferes with pollination.
Cultivars:
A large number of varieties are grown in different parts of India. Bambia, Ellaichi,
Muzaffarpur, Seedless early, Seedless late, Shahi, Pottee, Rose scented, China, Purbi, and Kasab
are the suitable varieties for NE region.
Propagation:
Air layering is the most common method of propagation. Select healthy and vigorous one
year old twigs and remove 2 cm wide ring of bark just below a bud. IBA or Rooton may be
applied at cut portion for early and more rooting. The cut is surrounded by mud ball containing
moss (2 parts damp moss and 1 part of soil from the basin of old litchi tree) and wrapped with
polythene sheet. Both ends are tied with fine rope to make it air tight. When sufficient roots are
formed in about 2 months, the branch is cut below the soil or sphagnum moss and potted in a
nursery. July to October is the most appropriate time. About 6 months old air-layered plants
should be planted in permanent field in monsoon.
Planting:
Pits of 90 x 90 x 90 cm in dimension are dug at the spacing of 8 – 10 m apart in square
system. Pits are filled with topsoil mixed with about 40 kg decomposed compost, 2 kg
neem/karanj cake, 1 kg bone meal/single super phosphate and 200-300 g muriate of potash.
Incorporation of about 2 baskets of soil from the root zone of old lychee trees encourages the
mycorrhiza growth. Planting is done during June to July. At the time of planting a hole the size
of ball of earth is made in the centre of the pit at the marked point where the plant is fixed and
the soil is pressed to remove air. Watering is done immediately after planting for proper
establishment. Subsequently the plant is regularly irrigated till it is properly established.
Training and pruning:
Training of the plant in the initial stage is essential to provide the required framework.
Unwanted branches should be pruned to provide definite shape and to promote growth of the
trunk and crown of the tree. Three to four branches 60-75 cm from ground opposite to each other
are allowed to form the proper frame of the tree. Further, crowded and crisscross branches are removed to facilitate better growth.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
3. Introduction and importance:
The fruits of snake gourd is long, narrow, cylindrical, and pointed at both the
ends. The fruits are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and vitamins. It
belongs to the subtribe Trichosanthinae subfamily cucurbitoideae. The genus
have 40 species occur in east , south Asia, tropical Australia, and Fiji. Two
species cultivated , and several otherspecies used in native medicines.
Trichosanthes cucumerina, synonym: Trichosanthes angurins is cultivated
widely in south and south – east Asia. It is a monoecious, annual, herbaceous
climber.
The immature fruits are boiled and eaten. The fruits are tender , long, tapering,
and 30-150 cm long. Even shoots and tender leaves are also used as vegetable.
The fruits improves appetite, acts as tonic and stomachic, the roots and seeds
are used in treatment of diarrhoea, bronchitis and fever.
4. Snake gourd
Synonym: cucumber of southern barbarian.
• B.N. – Trichosanthes cucumerina syn T. anguina.
• Family – Cucurbitaceae .
• Proginator : Trichosanthes cucumerina.
• 2n = 22.
•Monoecious .
• Origin – India.
• bower system training is best.
• Trichosanthes is a largest genera in cucurbits.
• Trichosanthin anti HIV compound.
• White flower evening blooming.
• fruits having short shelf life.
7. Climate and soil:
Ideal soil should be rich loamy and sandy loam soil, other soils can also be used, they should be well
drained with high organic matter, it needs warm and humid climate, high humidity is best for growth and
development of fruits.
Season and sowing:
• grown both in kharif and summer,
• Sowing : in summer Dec –Jan.
• Rainy: June-July
• Winter: Oct – Dec
• Seed rate: 5-6 Kg/ha.
• Spacing : 1.5 -2.5 m between row and 60-120cm between the plant is advocated.
Training:
Since the fruits are very long, slender and very soft it is adviced that the fruits should not touch the
ground, if fruits are hanged obuviosly the fruits grow downward, so training is essential , so bower system
of training is done.
8. Nutrient management:
• FYM: 10-15 t/ha
• NPK; 40-60 : 30-40 : 30-40 Kg NPK/ha
• As per VNMKV recommendation 100: 50: 50 Kg NPK/ha is applied.
• Half dose of nitrogen is topdressed when plants starts bearing.
Irrigation:
• First irrigation immediately after sowing summer crop needs regular irrigation 3-5 days
interval, at the time of fruit set and development frequent irrigation is done.
9. Varieties:
• Konkan Shweta
• CO-1
• CO-2
CO-4
• MDU-1 – hubrid.
• PKM-1- long fruits
Harvest and yield:
• Fruiting takes place after second month of the crop, fruits are picked when they are tender, fully
matured fruits are lighter, fibrous, hard, these are not preferred in market.
Yield: 20-25 frits per vine.
8-10 t/ ha
10. Storage and marketing:
Just after harvesting fruits are sent to the markets as they do not
have shelf-life more than two days. In Maharashtra some people
cut the fruits into three to four pieces and tie them before sending
to market on large scale. Nevertheless, generally the whole fruits
are packed and then sent to the markets.
