This technical work describe infrastructure requirement and the working principles and procedures involved in operation of a Smart Road. A Smart Road is similar to a conventional highway but the difference is, it is equipped with the electronic gadgets required to capture static and dynamic physical entities occupied on the road at a given time and location. Nowadays traffic safety and highway congestion has become a serious concern to the Authorities and required to be managed them within the available resources. Also it is not possible to increase the capacity of highway infrastructure to compete with increase in traffic. In cities on highway system, large amount of traffic data being generated and an integrated approach is required for the efficient management transportation system. Smart Road is an innovative approach wherein Information Communication Technologies (ICT) is merged with traditional infrastructure and integrated with digital technologies. Critical examination of literature review reveals that many technologies are available for data capturing and management. Notable among them are by using ultrasonic sensors, light sensors, motion sensors, camera and IOT devices. The data collected by the devices would be managed through cloud computing and big data analytic methods. To assess the current traffic situation spot speeds and traffic volumes are captured for peak and non-peak on the Express Highway and from the data captured 85th percentile speed and LoS are estimated. Smart road technology is discussed for transportation system management. And IT infrastructure requirement for capturing traffic related data demonstrated for the selected road in Muscat.
Techniques for Smart Traffic Control: An In-depth ReviewEditor IJCATR
Inadequate space and funds for the construction of new roads and the steady increase in number of vehicles has prompted
scholars to investigate other solutions to traffic congestion. One area gaining interest is the use of smart traffic control systems (STCS)
to make traffic routing decisions. These systems use real time data and try to mimic human reasoning thus prove promising in vehicle
traffic control and management. This paper is a review on the motivations behind the emergence of STCS and the different types of
these systems in use today for road traffic management. They include – fuzzy expert systems (FES), artificial neural networks (ANN)
and wireless sensor networks (WSN). We give an in depth study on the design, benefits and limitations of each technique. The paper
cites and analyses a number of successfully tested and implemented STCS. From these reviews we are able to derive comparisons of
the STCS discussed in this paper. For instance, for a learning or adaptive system, ANN is the best approach; for a system that just
routes traffic based on real time data and does not need to derive any data patterns afterwards, then FES is the best approach; for a
cheaper alternative to the FES, then WSN is the least costly approach. All prove effective in traffic control and management with
respect to the context in which each of them is used.
Global Challenge Porjct Report -Coursework of University of Bristol ssusera0a3b6
Group work in MSc Engineering Management, University of Bristol. This report proposes optimized solutions to the challenges of commuter transport in cities in developing countries to promote a low-carbon transformation.
Big Data and Intel® Intelligent Systems Solution for Intelligent transportationOdinot Stanislas
Explications sur comment il est possible d'utiliser la puissance d'Hadoop pour analyser les vidéos des caméras présentent sur les réseaux routiers avec pour objectif d'identifier l'état du trafic, le type de véhicule en déplacement et même l'usurpation de plaques d'immatriculation.
Artificial intelligence in transportation systemPoojaBele1
A presentation to show the use of artificial intelligence in transportation system.
Artificial Intelligence makes the transportation system more easier.
This presentation contains points to be studies in this field.
Techniques for Smart Traffic Control: An In-depth ReviewEditor IJCATR
Inadequate space and funds for the construction of new roads and the steady increase in number of vehicles has prompted
scholars to investigate other solutions to traffic congestion. One area gaining interest is the use of smart traffic control systems (STCS)
to make traffic routing decisions. These systems use real time data and try to mimic human reasoning thus prove promising in vehicle
traffic control and management. This paper is a review on the motivations behind the emergence of STCS and the different types of
these systems in use today for road traffic management. They include – fuzzy expert systems (FES), artificial neural networks (ANN)
and wireless sensor networks (WSN). We give an in depth study on the design, benefits and limitations of each technique. The paper
cites and analyses a number of successfully tested and implemented STCS. From these reviews we are able to derive comparisons of
the STCS discussed in this paper. For instance, for a learning or adaptive system, ANN is the best approach; for a system that just
routes traffic based on real time data and does not need to derive any data patterns afterwards, then FES is the best approach; for a
cheaper alternative to the FES, then WSN is the least costly approach. All prove effective in traffic control and management with
respect to the context in which each of them is used.
Global Challenge Porjct Report -Coursework of University of Bristol ssusera0a3b6
Group work in MSc Engineering Management, University of Bristol. This report proposes optimized solutions to the challenges of commuter transport in cities in developing countries to promote a low-carbon transformation.
Big Data and Intel® Intelligent Systems Solution for Intelligent transportationOdinot Stanislas
Explications sur comment il est possible d'utiliser la puissance d'Hadoop pour analyser les vidéos des caméras présentent sur les réseaux routiers avec pour objectif d'identifier l'état du trafic, le type de véhicule en déplacement et même l'usurpation de plaques d'immatriculation.
Artificial intelligence in transportation systemPoojaBele1
A presentation to show the use of artificial intelligence in transportation system.
Artificial Intelligence makes the transportation system more easier.
This presentation contains points to be studies in this field.
Leading cities are using technology to evolve their transport systems from single modes to integrated ones, improve transport services and provide an improved value proposition to customers.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Transportation SystemsEITESAL NGO
Dr.Mohamed el Shenawy speech about applications of Artificial Intelligence in transportation systems
▪️Mentioning how can AI can change our future? And how Intelligent machines works starting with the Perception ➡️ Comprehension ➡️ Projection ➡️ Decision
▪️ AI graduation projects in Egyptian Universities
▪️ AI in self-driving cars
▪️AI in traffic management
#Artificial_Intelligence
#EiTESAL
Smart Transportation for a Smarter Planet: Innovation with Today's ChallengesIBMTransportation
Globalization, urbanization, population growth and technological innovation. Each of these challenges push today's transportation providers to be innovative. IBM can help build a smarter planet with smarter transportation.
Business Intelligence Computational Intelligence in Vehicle and Transportatio...ijtsrd
The Traffic and Transportation system is big problem in the world. So business intelligence in vehicle and transportation system solve this problem and solution with the help of new technologies. In the computational intelligence in vehicle and transportation system used computer electrical and electronic conversion technology management. Akshay Shrikant Nehre "Business Intelligence (Computational Intelligence in Vehicle and Transportation System)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30226.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/30226/business-intelligence-computational-intelligence-in-vehicle-and-transportation-system/akshay-shrikant-nehre
Read more at :https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/smart-transportation-market
Smart Transportation Market Report explains different service offerings of the industry.The market involves all applications and hardware that comprise an intelligent system that monitors and controls the movement of traffic or transport. Simply, it implies toward an integrated machine-controlled environment, which can automatically track, trace, register, and navigate different modes of transport. The market offers innovative software applications to manage ticketing, parking, and traffic regulating facilities. Technological innovations in the field of electronic sensors and big data management introduces fresh services in the smart transportation market.
: This paper is aimed at designing a density based dynamic traffic signal system where the timing
of signal will change automatically on sensing the traffic density at any junction using the IoT technology. Traffic
congestion is a severe problem in most cities across the world and therefore it is time to shift more manual mode
or fixed timer mode to an automated system with decision making capabilities. To optimize this problem, we have
made a framework for an intelligent traffic control system. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the
junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. We therefore propose here a
mechanism in which the time period of green light and red light is assigned on the basis of the density of the
traffic present at the time. This is achieved by using LIDAR sensors.
A Case Study of Artificial Intelligence is being used to Reshape BusinessAI Publications
AI is one of the emerging technologies with such a long record which is constantly changing and growing in the corporate world. We will explain the modern AI basics and various aspects, applications of AI, and its future in business throughout this paper. Many businesses benefit from AI technology by lowering operational expenses, improving efficiency, and expanding the customer base. AI is made up of a variety of tools that allow computers to process massive amounts of data using smart technologies such as machine learning and natural language processing. Many customers now value AI-powered everyday technologies such as credit card fraud detection, e-mail spam filters, and predictive traffic alerts. The field of artificial intelligence is shifting toward developing intelligent systems that can effectively collaborate with people, including innovative ways to develop interactive and scalable ways for people to teach robots. The Vehicle Integrated Artificial Intelligence System is the focus of this paper.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) ENABLED TRANSPORTATION - DISRUPTING AND OPTIMIZI...OliviaThomas57
Transport in developing or emerging markets often faces severe challenges due to growing populations, urbanization, poor infrastructure, and rising prosperity in some regions, increasing cargo volumes, vehicle traffic, and pollution
A SHORT SURVEY ON CONSTRUCTING AN IOTBASED INTELLIGENT ROAD SYSTEMijcsit
Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability, road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution.
Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel
between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads
employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability,
road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of
Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the
range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software
infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This
article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using
chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution.
Leading cities are using technology to evolve their transport systems from single modes to integrated ones, improve transport services and provide an improved value proposition to customers.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Transportation SystemsEITESAL NGO
Dr.Mohamed el Shenawy speech about applications of Artificial Intelligence in transportation systems
▪️Mentioning how can AI can change our future? And how Intelligent machines works starting with the Perception ➡️ Comprehension ➡️ Projection ➡️ Decision
▪️ AI graduation projects in Egyptian Universities
▪️ AI in self-driving cars
▪️AI in traffic management
#Artificial_Intelligence
#EiTESAL
Smart Transportation for a Smarter Planet: Innovation with Today's ChallengesIBMTransportation
Globalization, urbanization, population growth and technological innovation. Each of these challenges push today's transportation providers to be innovative. IBM can help build a smarter planet with smarter transportation.
Business Intelligence Computational Intelligence in Vehicle and Transportatio...ijtsrd
The Traffic and Transportation system is big problem in the world. So business intelligence in vehicle and transportation system solve this problem and solution with the help of new technologies. In the computational intelligence in vehicle and transportation system used computer electrical and electronic conversion technology management. Akshay Shrikant Nehre "Business Intelligence (Computational Intelligence in Vehicle and Transportation System)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30226.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/30226/business-intelligence-computational-intelligence-in-vehicle-and-transportation-system/akshay-shrikant-nehre
Read more at :https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/smart-transportation-market
Smart Transportation Market Report explains different service offerings of the industry.The market involves all applications and hardware that comprise an intelligent system that monitors and controls the movement of traffic or transport. Simply, it implies toward an integrated machine-controlled environment, which can automatically track, trace, register, and navigate different modes of transport. The market offers innovative software applications to manage ticketing, parking, and traffic regulating facilities. Technological innovations in the field of electronic sensors and big data management introduces fresh services in the smart transportation market.
: This paper is aimed at designing a density based dynamic traffic signal system where the timing
of signal will change automatically on sensing the traffic density at any junction using the IoT technology. Traffic
congestion is a severe problem in most cities across the world and therefore it is time to shift more manual mode
or fixed timer mode to an automated system with decision making capabilities. To optimize this problem, we have
made a framework for an intelligent traffic control system. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the
junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. We therefore propose here a
mechanism in which the time period of green light and red light is assigned on the basis of the density of the
traffic present at the time. This is achieved by using LIDAR sensors.
A Case Study of Artificial Intelligence is being used to Reshape BusinessAI Publications
AI is one of the emerging technologies with such a long record which is constantly changing and growing in the corporate world. We will explain the modern AI basics and various aspects, applications of AI, and its future in business throughout this paper. Many businesses benefit from AI technology by lowering operational expenses, improving efficiency, and expanding the customer base. AI is made up of a variety of tools that allow computers to process massive amounts of data using smart technologies such as machine learning and natural language processing. Many customers now value AI-powered everyday technologies such as credit card fraud detection, e-mail spam filters, and predictive traffic alerts. The field of artificial intelligence is shifting toward developing intelligent systems that can effectively collaborate with people, including innovative ways to develop interactive and scalable ways for people to teach robots. The Vehicle Integrated Artificial Intelligence System is the focus of this paper.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) ENABLED TRANSPORTATION - DISRUPTING AND OPTIMIZI...OliviaThomas57
Transport in developing or emerging markets often faces severe challenges due to growing populations, urbanization, poor infrastructure, and rising prosperity in some regions, increasing cargo volumes, vehicle traffic, and pollution
A SHORT SURVEY ON CONSTRUCTING AN IOTBASED INTELLIGENT ROAD SYSTEMijcsit
Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability, road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution.
Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel
between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads
employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability,
road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of
Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the
range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software
infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This
article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using
chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution.
Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel
between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads
employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability,
road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of
Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the
range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software
infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This
article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using
chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution
Implementing Intelligent Transport Systems in the Creation of Smart Citiesijtsrd
The article summarizes briefly the issues of creating smart cities using intelligent transport systems. Also, innovative processes in the use of smart city technology, effective traffic management in the city and decreasing the number of road accidents RTA , preventing traffic violations, data about collecting of data on the digital road network and ways that do not require cable laying, based on the Power Cube 500 technology are stated in this article. Karrieva Ya. K. | Karrieva B. K. "Implementing Intelligent Transport Systems in the Creation of "Smart Cities"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47784.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47784/implementing-intelligent-transport-systems-in-the-creation-of-smart-cities/karrieva-ya-k
On a Growth Track: Intelligent Railways TMS MarketMattdixon45
The global intelligent railways transportation management systems market is likely to advance with a CAGR of 10.95% in the forecast period from 2023 to 2030.
All throughout APAC the landscape is changing and presenting a need for smart mobility. Read more in detail to learn how businesses can seize opportunities with the right IT strategy and the right partnership.
Interoperability for intelligent traffic management systems in smart citiesIJECEIAES
Intelligent traffic management systems (ITMS) are essential for safe and livable smart cities. However, achieving seamless interoperability between diverse devices and services is challenging due to the lack of universal open standards. This study examines different types of interoperability (syntactic, semantic, network, middleware, and security) and their relationships with ITMS in the smart city context. By discussing requirements, challenges, and potential standards, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of interoperability issues in ITMS. It highlights the importance of standardization and collaboration among stakeholders, including policymakers, urban planners, and technology providers, to achieve interoperability. Addressing these challenges can optimize ITMS performance and contribute to smarter, sustainable cities. The study categorically examines challenges and potential standards, offering a framework for future research and practice. By advancing our understanding of ITMS interoperability, this research facilitates improved traffic management and smarter city development, enhancing urban residents’ quality of life. It makes a significant contribution to the field by emphasizing the critical role of interoperability in effective traffic management systems and the advancement of smart cities. By addressing interoperability challenges, we can create safer, more efficient, and sustainable transportation networks, fostering the development of livable cities.
Smart prepaid traffic fines system using RFID, IoT and mobile appTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work is intended to deliver an intelligent traffic system using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. It designed and implemented in a way where fines are autonomously registered. In addition, a mobile app was built to assist traffic officers managing their field works. Low cost equipment’s have been used such as RFID technology, passive tags, processing unit (personal computer), and a connection system. First stage is represented by collecting data using the RFID, where it reads any identified tag that attached with vehicles. Next, a certain data are transmitted to the server using internet network communication system. The server is responsible for processing these data according to a pre-defined rules. Finally, police officers can use the mobile app to perform several tasks according the processed data such as monitoring a specific car, register a new car ID and others.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
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It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
Smart Road Technology for Traffic Management and ITS Infrastructure Assessment: A Case Study of Muscat Express Highway
1. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-5, May- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.5.28 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 576
Smart Road Technology for Traffic Management
and ITS Infrastructure Assessment: A Case
Study of Muscat Express Highway
Zamzam Said Abdullah Ali Al Mahairzi1
, N. Srinivasa Reddy2
1
Under Graduate Student, Built and Natural Environment Department , Caledonian College of Engineering, Glasgow
Caledonian University Muscat Sultanate of Oman,
2
Senior Faculty Built and Natural Environment Department, Caledonian College of Engineering, Glasgow Caledonian
University Muscat Sultanate of Oman.
Abstract— This technical work describe infrastructure
requirement and the working principles and procedures
involved in operation of a Smart Road. A Smart Road is
similar to a conventional highway but the difference is, it
is equipped with the electronic gadgets required to capture
static and dynamic physical entities occupied on the road
at a given time and location. Nowadays traffic safety and
highway congestion has become a serious concern to the
Authorities and required to be managed them within the
available resources. Also it is not possible to increase the
capacity of highway infrastructure to compete with
increase in traffic. In cities on highway system, large
amount of traffic data being generated and an integrated
approach is required for the efficient management
transportation system. Smart Road is an innovative
approach wherein Information Communication
Technologies (ICT) is merged with traditional
infrastructure and integrated with digital technologies.
Critical examination of literature review reveals that many
technologies are available for data capturing and
management. Notable among them are by using ultrasonic
sensors, light sensors, motion sensors, camera and IOT
devices. The data collected by the devices would be
managed through cloud computing and big data analytic
methods. To assess the current traffic situation spot speeds
and traffic volumes are captured for peak and non-peak on
the Express Highway and from the data captured 85th
percentile speed and LoS are estimated. Smart road
technology is discussed for transportation system
management. And IT infrastructure requirement for
capturing traffic related data demonstrated for the
selected road in Muscat.
Keywords— Smart Roads Traffic Congestion, IOT
devices, Traffic Management through ITS RFID Camera
for incident capture.
I. INTRODUCTION
Increasing traffic is of serious concern to the authorities in
every city around the world. Muscat the capital city in
Oman is suffering with varied traffic problems. The
concern issues are speeding up of cars, increasing
personalized vehicles and the big personal cars with low
occupancy rate. The problems arising out of increased
traffic are: increased congestion levels, over speeding of
personal cars, travel delay times, loss to human life and
property, increased pollution levels and retarded economic
development. There is need to manage all the traffic
related concerns in a smart way. To address all the listed
problems and to find solutions a Smart Road using
intelligent transportation system (ITS) is latest
development and being adopted for arterial and sub arterial
roads in cities across the world. Smart road is a road,
wherein a normal road is equipped with variety of sensors
and electronic gadgets which help in detecting the relevant
problems and find feasible solutions to improve the
operational efficiency of the system.
Smart Roads, Smart Cities, Smart Water Supply, Smart
Systems etc is a very recent developments in urban
planning, city planning transportation system management
where the system components are efficiently managed
with the support of electronic gadgets and sensors.
Using Internet of Things (IOT) a virtual system will be
created and which is similar to the real world situation. In
case of a Smart Road a virtual road will be designed which
is similar to the real road and all the real world data
procured from the field monitored on the virtual systems
and referred as the “Smart Road”. Considerable research
has been reported in literature review pertaining to Smart
Roads. In this technical paper working principles of smart
road is examined and infrastructure requirements for the
conversion of a normal highway to a smart is established.
Aim of the study is to assess the infrastructure required for
the conversion an Urban Arterial Road with state Art
Technology as a Smart Road. For this, a road segment of
2. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-5, May- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.5.28 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 577
an existing urban arterial road is taken and demonstrated
through a case study.
The specific objectives of the study would include:
To study the working mechanism-principle involved
in the operations of smart road.
To estimate the infrastructure required for the
conversion of a normal road to smart road.
To assess the current traffic situation on an arterial
road and suggest smart road technology.
To evaluate the benefits of smart road quantitatively
and qualitatively.
Justification:
Over the last the one decade traffic on Muscat roads is
consistently increasing with an annual growth rate of
8.8%. Increased traffic is resulting in frequent traffic delay
and congestion. Even though the accident rate is
declaiming in last decade the occurrence of number of
accidents is of serious concern to the Royal Oman Police
(ROP) and the Transport Ministry. A Smart Road is
solution to address current traffic and transportation
problems and to find cost effective solutions.
Implementation of a smart road would reduce traffic jam
on the roads, reduce the accidents, control on over
speeding of vehicles and traffic engineering management.
The other accrued benefits could be reducing pollution and
reducing wastage in time and fuel. This is likely to
improve economy and National development.
Scope of Work:
Over the last the one decade traffic on Muscat roads is
consistently
Interaction with the Ministry of Transport and
Communication and ROP officials for the selection of road
segments for the implementation of smart road
technologies. Collection of traffic speeds to assess the 85th
percentile speeds, for the quantification of benefits accrued
due to implementation of smart road system. Assessment
of infrastructure for the conversion of selected road to a
smart road. Also Demonstration of implementation of
smart technology to a highway system.
Literature Review:
The concept of the smart road is recent development. It
basically use the technologies of intelligent transportation
systems, information communication technologies with the
application of big data analytics. Smart technologies are
used for the management of cities in a smart way, to fuse
the ideas about how information communications and
technology to improve the functioning of cites for
enhancing their efficiency and competitiveness and quality
of life [1]. The working definition given by IBM research
foundation for the smart city is “by connecting the
physical infrastructure, the IT infrastructure, the social
infrastructure, and the business infrastructure to leverage
the collective intelligence of the city” [1]. In a smarter city
the physical and social infrastructure entities are
connected to a virtual city infrastructure in an integrated
framework that allow the line managers to collect the data
from different verticals, collate, analyze, optimize and
take right decision within the available resources. The ICT
infrastructure includes right from the information
capturing, processing and end delivery to the user. The
identified infrastructure would be deployed censors,
cameras, distributed and centralized processing units, high
power transmission band width units, software models and
mobile units.
The concept of smart city emerged from a 2008 study the
Instrumented Planet [2]. Spatial and temporal data of
earth’s geographical and geological entities are
consistently captured through various instruments and
sensors. Ubiquitous networks are available to collect real
world data and the data is analyzed and integrated to
manage urban information systems and often referred as
smarter planet systems [2]. In smart city business and
administrative operations of various entities are carried
using ICT available from innumerable network available
on the earth sphere and IBM has defined its view of a
smarter planet system through three major IT
characteristics, instrumented, interconnected and
intelligent.
Instrumented: Real world data of various entities is
captured through various gadgets like sensor, meters,
cameras, appliances devices and data acquisition systems.
The physical data is inter connected through networks to
the virtual world of smart city systems. The data obtained
from the real world entities is structurally organized and
integrated and distributed to various organizations. For the
integration of the collected from different entities to the
virtual city, different search engines will be used. The
structured information shall be retrieved at the user end
through various search engines, queries and other IT tools
for making intelligent decisions. The Instrumented Planet
study showed that data on urban systems is captured
consistently through Internet of things [3]. For the
management of fleet, vehicular data and road safety
innumerable number of telematics units, smart telephones
and RFID tags were used in urban areas for the effective
management of logistics and supply chain management [4,
5].
Cloud computing and storage solutions provide users and
enterprises with various capabilities to store and process
their data in either privately owned, or third-party data
centers that may be located far from the user–ranging in
distance from across a city to across the world[6]. The goal
of cloud computing is to allow users to take benefit from
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all of these technologies, without the need for deep
knowledge about or expertise with each one of them. The
cloud aims to cut costs, and helps the users focus on their
core business instead of being impeded by IT obstacles
[7].in present day context in urban areas various
organizations are depended on IT based management
systems for their services and exchange information based
on IT principle of interconnection among the edge clouds
using service oriented architecture (SOA)[8].
The interconnection of multiple city services is an
application of contemporary enterprise application
integration to local government systems. It is a striking
feature of the way that most cities are managed that,
although city agencies have adopted some form of IT-
based management system for their services, very few of
them have the ability to exchange information. This
appears to reflect the historical independence of such
agencies and is reminiscent of the isolated operational
towers of enterprises before the 1990s, when enterprise
resource planning was broadly adopted to provide
integrated management. Today, the basic IT principle for
interconnection is the service-oriented architecture (SOA).
Sonoma County is able to mange its water resources from
Russian river for the effective management using the
smart technologies[9]. In Stockholm the transport
authorities are able to minimize the traffic problems and
increase public transport ridership by capturing the data
with increased number of sensors which are connected to
the clouds[10]. The Singapore Land Transportation
Authority (LTA) could predict the traffic congestions on
roads and able to find solutions from the data collected by
the ERP system[11]. IBM opened a Web site in March
2010 that is intended to provide tools to enable city
managers and planners to visualize, analyze, and compare
such data sets [12]. NiravThakoret.al (2013), used
vibration and MEMS sensors embedded with GPS for the
vehicle detection to provide immediate hospital for
accident vehicle victims [13].
II. METHODOLOGY
Following steps are followed for the fulfilment of the
objectives of the study.
Collection of information, literature and case studies
on smart road.
Selection of a primary road stretch, after having
discussions with the ROP and ministry of Transport
officials.
Conducting midblock spot speed studies for the
quantification of 85th percentile speeds.
Finally Assessment of requirement of IT infrastructure
for the given selected segment of road to convert into
a smart road.
III. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SMART ROAD
The conventional traffic monitoring using image process
technology is having many limitations and is affected by
weather conditions. At times due to inclement weather
vehicle image not captured. Whereas an e-plate based on
radio frequency identification (RFID) provides a better
opportunity for intelligent traffic monitoring for
identifying and tracking the vehicle. RFID can be used as a
transponder in license plate equipped with a RFID tag and
sensors. For each car plying on the road it is mandatory
for the vehicle to have an RFID tag for vehicle
identification. The vehicle RFID tag stores information
about the vehicle and the owner. Parameters such as
vehicle plate number, vehicle type, speed of the vehicle,
license number, the travelling location of the car are
monitored and stored. This knowledge of information from
every vehicle helps in estimating the number of vehicles
on the road, average speed of the vehicles and the density
of the vehicles on the road. The data from each vehicle is
gathered or collected by means of a fixed or mobile RFID
reader at each monitoring. Finally the information is sent
to the central server for collecting, processing and storing.
In a Smart Road number of transponders, radar guns and
cameras are installed along the highway. All the vehicles
are equipped with the RFID tags and when the vehicle is
moving on the road, the vehicle’s RFID tag is scanned by
the sensor and the data is transmitted to the data systems.
For data simulation and monitoring, a virtual road is
designed, which is analogous to the real road and it contain
all the information of physical road. The information
captured on the road, interfaced with Geographical
information Systems (GIS) is stored in the smart road
system using the big data analytics and cloud technology.
The basic IT principle followed for interconnection of
objects in Smart Road System is by Service Oriented
Architecture (SOA). In SOA approach all the objects
captured on the road such as the vehicle data, speed data,
level of service, capacity of the road, are processed and
mapped and decisions will be communicated to the
mobile data as well as variable massaging systems for
traffic management. For the pilot study the data will be
available to the users in web site. For the total road system
the data will be managed and visible to the Ministry of
Transport through Supervisory control and data
acquisition (SCADA) is a system of software and
hardware elements that allows industrial organizations to:
Control industrial processes locally or at remote locations.
Monitor, gather, and process real-time data. Smart road
technology concepts are developed and demonstrated in
the following lines.IT and IOT principles used in Smart
Road systems are presented graphically in the following
figure-1 and Figure-2. From the diagram it can be seen that
the data procured by different electronic gadgets like RFID
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tag, sensors, cameras will be processed through edge cloud
and big data analytics for traffic management through
smart roads
Fig. 1: Smart road system: conceptualization - using big
data analytics (Adopted with modifications from
Foundations for smarter cities. C. Harrisonet.al)
Interactions between the real world data and virtual
systems using ICT and IOT is demonstrated through the
following diagrams given in Fig-2
Fig. 2: Layered structured interconnections for smart road
system (Adopted with modifications from foundations for
smart cities C. Harrison et.al).
Current Traffic Assessment: Express Highway in
Muscat City A Case Study:
Muscat the capital of Sultanate of Oman 40 years ago was
a sleepy port town with about 40,000 populations and
reached 1.5 Million in the year 2017. The Muscat
Metropolitan area is stretched over a length of 60km with a
geographical area of 3500Sq.km. Developments in Muscat
is restricted by the geographical constraints of 50 km coast
line in the East and Al Hajar Mountains on the Western
side, and as most of the area is covered by deserts very
limited land is available for mixed land use developments.
Muscat Expressway and Seeb-Sultan Quaboos Street are
the major arterials running North-South driving the
directional growth of the Muscat Urban Agglomeration
(Figure-3).
Fig. 3: Muscat Urban agglomeration showing the corridor
where speeds captured
To capture the operating speeds during peak and non-peak
hour vehicle speeds has been captured with the help of
radar guns. The vehicle speeds are used in estimation of
the 85th
percentile speed. Operating speeds (mid-block)
captured on between Al Hail and Airport section is
presented in the following tables-1.
Table.1: Spot speeds captured on the mid-block during
non-peak hour
Spee
d
KM
PH
Mea
n
Spe
ed
Numb
er of
Vehicl
e
Recor
ded
frequency*S
peed
Freque
ncy
(%)
Cumula
tive
Frequen
cy
30-
40 35 0 0 0% 0%
40-
50 45 3 135 1% 1%
50-
60 55 15 825 3% 3%
60-
70 65 20 1300 3% 6%
70-
80 75 28 2100 5% 11%
80-
90 85 36 3060 6% 17%
90-
100 95 58 5510 10% 27%
100-
110 105 75 7875 13% 40%
110-
120 115 122 14030 21% 61%
120- 125 167 20875 28% 89%
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130
130-
140 135 65 8775 11% 100%
589 64485 100%
Fig. 4: Frequency Distribution of Vehicle Speeds on
Express Highway During Morning Peak 7.00AM-8.00AM.
Fig.5: Frequency Distribution of Vehicle Speeds on
Express Highway during Morning 7.00AM-8.00AM Peak
Hours
Table.2: Vehicle Speeds on Express Highway during
Morning 7.00AM-8.00AM Peak Hours
Mean
Spee
d
Spe
ed
K
MP
H
Numb
er of
Vehicl
e
Recor
ded
frequency*
Speed
Freque
ncy
(%)
Cumula
tive
Frequen
cy
30-
40 35 54 1890 9% 9%
40-
50 45 75 3375 12% 21%
50-
60 55 96 5280 15% 36%
60-
70 65 106 6890 17% 53%
70-
80 75 135 10125 22% 75%
80-
90 85 77 6545 12% 87%
90- 95 64 6080 10% 97%
100
100-
110 105 14 1470 2% 100%
110-
120 115 2 230 0% 100%
623 41885 100%
30-
40 35 54 1890 9% 9%
40-
50 45 75 3375 12% 21%
Fig. 6: Frequency Distribution of Vehicle Speeds on
Express Highway during Morning 7.00AM-8.00AM Peak
Hours
Fig. 7: Cumulative Frequency Distribution of Vehicle
Speeds on Express Highway During Morning 7.00AM-
8.00AM Peak Hours
Based on the preliminary investigations, secondary data
sources and speed survey, the analysis of the data give the
following observations:
Designed speed for the express highway is 120Kmph.
About 590 cars are captured and their speeds are
mapped to obtain 85th percentile speed.
85th percentile speed during the peak hour is
124Kmph which is more than the designed speed.
Mean Speed during non-peak hours is 109kmph.
85th percentile speed during peak hour is
80Kmph and mean speed is 67Kmph
Level of Service and Capacity analysis:
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Traffic volumes are also captured to assess the level of
service during the peak hour for the arterial road under
study. Designed speed for the Arterial Road is 120Kmph.
Capacity of the road per lane per km is estimated using the
expression 1000 V/S where V is designed speed and S is
the vehicle to vehicle distance. For the given road
capacity of the road is arrived at as 15oo vehicles
/lane/hour.
Table.3: Traffic Volumes and Level of Service on the Road during morning Peak
Tuesday18.04.2017 Direction: AlHail To Airport
Time
Morning Peak
Small
cars
Big
cars
Pick up Trucks
2
Axel
3 Axel Bus
Total
Vehi
cles
Total
PCU
Capa
city
Volum
e/Capa
city
L
O
S
PCU 1 1.5 1.5 3 3 4.5 3
6:00-7:00 228 198 25 4 7 4 45 511 749 1500 0.5 A
7:00-8:00 1240 485 250 0 0 0 100 2075 2643 1500 1.76 D
8:00-9:00 1400 750 348 0 0 0 66 2564 3245 1500 2.16 F
9:00-10:00 950 400 202 3 3 1 18 1577 1930 1500 1.29 C
10:00-11:00 750 302 158 4 1 0 9 1224 1482 1500 0.99 C
Table.4: Traffic Volumes and Level of Service on Express Highway during morning Peak
Inferences on traffic volumes and level of services for the
peak hour are presented below:
Morning and evening peak traffic volume on the road
reveal they are beyond the capacity and level of service is
falling from A to F. There is need for effective
monitoring of traffic management
Smart Road Technology:
Major benefits of adopting Smart Road Technologies are:
Improved traffic Safety
Reduced congestion.
Improved access to jobs and services
Improved accessibility and mobility
Reduced transportation cost for Government and
users
Traffic management through the area
integration and monitoring
Effective travel road guidance information
systems to road users.
Current traffic situation indicates the need for traffic
management and it can be achieved through adoption of
smart road technology, which is demonstrated in the
previous paragraphs. For the implementation of the smart
road systems on a normal conventional road, IT
infrastructure is assessed and is presented below. The
arterial road section selected for the selection of the smart
road technology is a part of Al-Hail –Airport road in
Muscat and is shown in the in the map below in Figure 7
Tuesday18.04.2017
Direction: Airport to Al Hail
Time
evening
Peak
Small
cars
Big
cars
Pick
up
Trucks
2
Axel
3 Axel Bus
Total
Vehic
les
Tota
l
PCU
Capa
city
Volu
me/C
apacit
y
L
O
S
2:00-3:00 250 221 35 15 5 4 62 592 888 1500 0.59 A
3:00-4:00 1345 465 215 5 2 2 109 2143 2719 1500 1.81 D
4:00-5:00 1312 688 485 8 7 2 69 2571 3325 1500 2.22 F
5:00-6:00 1054 412 214 10 8 7 19 1724 2127 1500 1.42 C
6:00-7:00 685 342 112 6 4 5 10 1164 1443 1500 0.96 C
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Fig. 7: Road Segment selected for implementation of the Smart Road Technology
IT Infrastructure Design:
Electronic devices and gadgets required for a length of
10 km is assessed and presented below. ICT operations
involved in the real world situations for the arterial road is
demonstrated below in figure:8 For vehicle tracking and
capturing all the vehicles crossing a particular section of
the road all the vehicles should be fitted with the RFID
tag. Use of RFID in smart road is demonstrated in
Figure:9
Fig. 8: RFID in Smart Road System(Source
:https://www.slideshare.net/rameshchatty/rfid-based-
traffic-control-system-by-using-gsm)
Fig. 8: Demonstration of use of RFID in Smart Road
System
Table: 5 IT infrastructure Requirements for the
conversion of a Normal Road into a Smart Road
Distance
(Km)
NO. of Sensors NO. of Camera Server
Left Right
1 Km One - -
2 Km One 2 in both sides -
3 Km One - -
4 Km One 2 in both sides -
5 Km One 1
6 Km One 2 in both sides -
7 Km One - -
8 Km One 2 in both sides -
9 Km One - -
10 Km One 2 in both sides 1
TOTAL
5
Sensors
5
Sensors
10 Cameras
2
Servers
Apart from the IT infrastructure, there is a need for the
establishment of centralized traffic control room to
monitor the traffic management systems. Also making a
segment of the road as smart road will not be serving the
purpose. All the primary roads in the region should be
interconnected for achieving effective traffic
management.
IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS
In this technical paper current issues in traffic with
respect to safety and level of service are evaluated on the
Express Highway and the concerns are highlighted. Role
of Smart Road technologies as an effective way of finding
the cost effective solutions to the current traffic problems
is emphasized. Working principles of smart road are
discussed. To convert the Express Highway into a smart
road, IT infrastructure requirement is arrived at. This
technical paper is intended for demonstration only, for
which a stretch of about 10Km is examined for
demonstrative purposes. A detailed study need to be
carried for the complete assessment of IT infrastructure
and for the conversion of express highway network into a
smart road system.
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