The document discusses key aspects of smart grids including their importance, structure, and communication techniques. A smart grid uses advanced sensing, communication, and control technologies to modernize electricity delivery systems. It allows two-way communication between utilities and consumers to save energy, reduce costs and emissions. The smart grid consists of home, neighborhood and wide area networks connected by various wireless and wired technologies. Efficient data centers and renewable energy integration are also discussed along with challenges in fully realizing smart grid benefits.
2. Contents
Today’s grid and its losses
What is smart grid
Importance and structure of smart grid
Energy efficient communication techniques in smart grid
(AMI,HAN,NAN,WAN)
Efficiency techniques in datacenters
Green data centers and its challenges
Behind the meter concept and its research directions
Barriers of smart grid
Conclusion
reference
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5. • A smart grid puts information and communication
technology into electricity generation, delivery, and
consumption, making systems cleaner, safer, and more
reliable and efficient.
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smart grid
Current electricity grid
Advance sensing technologies
Control methods
Communications
SMART GRID
6. The Smart Grid is a combination of hardware,
management and reporting software, built a top an
intelligent communications infrastructure.
In Smart Grid, consumers & utility companies have tools
to manage, monitor and respond to energy issues.
The flow of electricity from utility to consumer becomes
a two-way conversation
This save consumers money, energy, delivering more
transparency in terms of end-user use, and reducing
carbon emissions.
What is smart grid
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7. 7
what does the concept of smart grid
look like ?
Electrical Infrastructure
“Intelligence” Infrastructure
8. Why smart grid
Integrate isolated technologies : Smart Grid enables
better energy management.
Energy efficiency of the system
Proactive management of electrical network during
emergency situations.
It uses sensors and software for Better demand supply /
demand response management.
Better power quality
Reduction in the emission of green house gases
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9. To be smart..
Identify and resolve faults on electricity grid
Automatically self-heal the grid
Monitor power quality and manage voltage
Identify devices or subsystems that require
maintenance
Help consumers optimize their individual electricity
consumption (minimize their bills)
Enable the use of smart appliances that can be
programmed to run on off-peak power
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10. Energy efficient communication
Smart grid can be divided into 3 domains in terms of
communication infrastructure.
HAN( Home Area Network) : Single residential unit with
smart appliances, energy display, smart meter etc.
NAN(Neighbor hood area network): A group of houses
possibly fed by the same transformer.
WAN(Wide Area Network): Group of NAN connected to the
utility operator.
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11. SG Comm. Network (SGCN)
Neighbor Area Network
(NAN)
Home Area Network (HAN)
Power Generation Power Transmission Grid Power Distribution Grid Power Consumption
Smart
MeterSubstationSubstation Customer
Microgrid
Microgrid
Power System Layer
Communications Layer
Wireless
Backhaul
Base
Station
Control Center
Wired Backhaul
Network
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Smart
Meter
Data Aggregation
Point (DAP)
Electric Vehicle
Solar EnegyWind Enegy
Non-renewable Enegy
Concentrator Smart
Home
Device
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12. The components of intelligent
energy management
Intelligent energy management provides a platform that
empowers
real-time insight, analysis and control, as well as integration
with the expanding smart grid infrastructure.
In order to comprise an energy efficient operating system,
smart grid-base
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AMI
It is a check meter.
controls the electric energy used
with the demand reaction technique
remotely managing the load of the
energy and power consumed
13. Advanced Metering
Infrastructure (AMI)
In building and home lighting devices consume about 40% of
the total power produced.
It is estimated that over 45% energy can be reduced if we
use an efficient energy management system
Using the smart controller with DR functionality to apply
smart grid for effective energy consumption in building and
home
Demand response is By which consumers reduce
consumption in response to energy price fluctuations,
demand charges, or a direct request to reduce demand when
the power grid reaches critical levels.
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14. Smart meter
Communication- able to communicate
with the data management system which
is placed on a server
It allows the utility to switch off the
power remotely and to switch the power
back on.
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16. Energy efficient wireless
communication for
NAN
3G
4G
WIMAX(world wide interoperability for microwave access)
Carries high volume data
In NAN utilizes PSM mode which allows wireless nodes to
sleep when they are not receiving or transmitting
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17. Energy efficient wireless
communication for
WAN
Third generation (3G)
Fourth generation (4G)
Word wide interoperability for microwave access
(WIMAX)
Able to carry high volume data
Allows multiple link between source and destination
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18. Energy efficient wire line
communication
PLC (POWER LINE COMMUNICATION)
Basic idea: Use existing electrical wires to transport data
High bit rates: Up to 200 Mb/s
Impacted by disturbances in low voltage network
Applications: Broadband Internet access
indoor wired local area networks, utility metering and
control, real-time pricing, distributed energy generation
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19. Representative SG Standards
C12.18
C12.19
C12.22
M-Bus
Zigbee
Wi-Fi
SAE J2293
SAE J2836
SAE J2847
IEEE P2030
BACnet
OpenADR
DRBizNet
IEC 61850
DNP3
Distributed Energy
Resources
IEC 61400-25
IEEE 1547
Commercial user
Residential user PHEV
Wind farm
IEC 61850-7-420
Smart
meter
Wi-Fi
SUN
3G/4G Cellular
Substation
Wide Area Network
Home Area Network
Neighbor Area Network
3G/4G
Cellular Wi-Fi
SONET
WiMAX
IEC 61850
DNP3
CIM
Control center
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20. Green data center
Data center powering them from renewable resources
(solar & wind power)
It offers less OPEX ,reduced carbon emission
When ever there is a shortfall of renewable energy at one
data center virtual machines are migrated towards another
data center which is capable of working on renewable
energy
If surplus power is generated at the data center it can be
sold to the grid
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21. Research directions on
“BEHIND THE METER”
“behind the meter “refers to renewable resources operated at
data center facilities
On site renewable energy generation is costly so data centers can
signup with local renewable energy generation
Less carbon emission effect
More cost effective technique
Contract to allow the data center to migrate their workloads to
another data center that when there is excessive user demand
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22. Challenges of data centers hosting
smart grid
Interactions of smart grid and data center include use of data
center at the service of power grid
Eg: frequency monitoring network(FNET)
Collects time stamped measurements from the grid using a
frequency disturbance recorder(FDR) which provides
functionalities such as
* Real time event alerts
* Accurate event location estimation
* Animated event visualization
*Post event analysis
This interaction between data center and smart grid have not
been established yet
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24. Loop holes of smart grid
Present Infrastructure is inadequate and requires
augmentation to support the growth of Smart Grids.
Most renewable resources are intermittent and can not be
relied on (in its present form)for secure energy supply
Regulatory Policies to deal with consequences of Smart Grid;
like off peak, peak tariffs and other related matters.
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25. Conclusion
Smart grid has modernized the way
electricity is generated
Increases reliability and power quality .
Improves responsiveness and efficiency .
Potentially reduces costs for the provider and consumer .
Adds intelligence throughout the newly networked grid .
Decrease Greenhouse gas emissions.
Reduces client-side power consumption
green data centers are more efficient
Smart grid is the main challenge in front of the electrical
society
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THINK ‘SMART’!!!
26. REFERENCE
• Melike Erol-Kantarci.Hussain T.mouftah Energy efficient information and
communication infrastructure in the smart grid :a survey on interaction and open
issues .
• J.Pouchet “smart grid technology helps data centers conserve
energy”enviornmental and energy management news
http://www.enviornmentalleader.com/2013
• G.Zimon”integrating distributed generation into the smart grid”,IEEE Smart
grid.dec.2013,http;//smart grid.ieee.org/december-2013/1013
• H.T.Mouftah &m.erol-kantarci”smart grid commuication:oppertunities and
challenges”.in handbook of green informationand communication system
• Z.fan et al”smart grid communication :over view of research challenges,solutions
standardisation activities:ieee communication survey
• D.feng et al ‘’a survey of energy –efficient wireless communication,”.Ieee commun
surveys
• D.feng et al”a survey of energy –efficient wireless communications”IEEE commun
• X.Fang S Misra G XUE “smart grid –the new and improved power grid ‘a survey on
ieee commun 26
An overlapping of electrical and intelligence\telecommunications infrastructures… the energy internet.
In thinking of the power delivery system of the future, we found it helpful to think of bringing together two distinctly different but highly inter-related infrastructures. The electrical infrastructure (i.e., the poles, towers and wires) that has been created over the last 100 years and the “intelligence” infrastructure (i.e., the communications networks, distributed computing and sensors). The Intelligence infrastructure enhances the operation and maintenance of the electrical infrastructure and adds new functionality to the electrical infrastructure.
The electrical infrastructure is very mature (at least in North America and Europe) – that is the processes, tools, standards and fundamental technologies for the electrical infrastructure are well established. New technologies will enhance the electrical infrastructure – and many programs within EPRI are working to develop that technology.
The “intelligence infrastructure” is much newer – and companies thinking of this as a tightly integrated (networked) infrastructure is very new. The methods, tools and standards for creating the intelligence infrastructure are only beginning to be created. Essentially, when it comes to the intelligence infrastructure, it’s the wild west – almost completely lawless.
In looking at the intelligence infrastructure – we see that it isn’t limited by technology. There is an abundance of technology that has been developed by other industries. Many times, in fact, there is too much technology.
Today, pieces of the intelligence are installed in an isolated, fragmented way. this approach will not create an intelligence Infrastructure
For the vision of the vision of the power delivery system of the future to be achieved, the intelligence infrastructure needs to be as pervasive and integrated as the electrical infrastructure – incorporating generation, transmission, distribution, energy markets and the consumer.
The integration of these two infrastructures is what we see creating the intelligent grid or IntelliGrid.