Smart dust_2009

Presented By:
Rajeshwar Singh (0612031083)
Shahul Sarraf (0612031095)
ECE Dept. (Final Year)
Under the Guidance of
Mr. Rajeev Mishra
Lect. ECE Dept.
ITM GIDA Gorakhpur

 What is Smart Dust?
 Smart dust Mote
 Internal Structure
 Block Diagram
 Architecture
 Tradeoffs
 Corner Cube Retro
Reflector
 Free Space Optical
Network
 Communication
Technology
 Fiber Optic
Communication
 Price Trends Estimate
 Application
 Military & Space
 Commercial
 Challenges
 Future Work
2
A Seminar on "Smart Dust" By: Rajeshwar Singh &
Shahul Sarraf8/31/2009

A tiny dust size device with extra-ordinary
capabilities.
Often called micro electro-mechanical
sensors (MEMS).
Combines sensing, computing, wireless
communication capabilities and autonomous
power supply within volume of only few
millimeters.
Useful in monitoring real world phenomenon
without disturbing the original process.
3

 So small and light in weight that they can
remain suspended in the environment like
an ordinary dust particle.
 The air currents can also move them in
the direction of flow.
 It is very hard to detect the presence of
the Smart Dust and it is even harder to get
rid of them once deployed.
4

The three key capabilities of smart dust are:
 Sensory capabilities
 Processing capabilities
 Communication capabilities
5

Market Look MovinginSurrounding
Architecture for
sensing Humidity
6

Motes suspended in building to sense various parameters.
7

This figure shows the
size of a mote which is
approx. 63 mm3.
Shahul Sarraf8/31/2009 8

INTERNAL STRUCTURE

Low Power
Communication Front End
1-Acoustic
2-RF
3-Optical
Computation Brain
1-MCU
2-FPGA
Sensors
1-Magnetometer
2- Light
3-temperature
4-pressure
5-Humidity
6-Acceleration
POWER
1-Bat
2-Sollar
3-Vibration
4-Acoustic Noise

A single Smart Dust mote has:
A semiconductor laser diode and MEMS
beam steering mirror for active optical
transmission.
A MEMS corner cube retro-reflector for
passive optical transmission.
An optical receiver.
A signal processing and control circuitry
A power source based on thick-film batteries
and solar cells.
11

12

SNR – signal to noise ratio, governs the probability for bit error
Pt – average transmitter power
A – receiver area
N0 – receiver inherent noise
B – bit rate
r – the distance between the transmitter and receiver
 - beam divergence
13

14

Top View of the Interrogator
CCD Camera Lens
Frequency-Doubled Beam
45o
mirror
Polarizing
Beamsplitter
Quarter-wave
PlateFilter
0.25% reflectance
on each surface
YAG Green Laser Expander
15

16

 Radio Frequency Transmission
 Optical transmission technique
a) Passive Laser based Communication
b) Active Laser based Communication
c) Fiber Optic Communication
17

 Employs semiconductor laser, fiber cable and
diode receiver to generate, transfer and detect
the optical signal.
 Similar to passive optical comm..
 Relatively small size of the optical transceiver
is employed with low-power operation.
 CCR employed on each Dust mote to
modulate uplink data to base station.
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 Does not require unbroken line-of-sight and the
link directionality.
 Each dust mote does not need to employ more
than one CCR.
 Comm.. between dust motes and a base station
can be guaranteed.
 It has a longer range of communication link
than that of a free space passive optical
communication.
20

 Optical fiber cables restrict the mobility of dust
mote.
 Since a base station should employ several
optical components for fiber connection to each
dust mote, it may complicate base station
design.
21

These are the hazards affecting our environment. By the
use of Motes we can predict these
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2010 2013 2016 2019
Pricepermote(Rs.)
Year
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 Internal and external spacecraft monitoring
 Meteorological and seismological monitoring in difficult terrain
and environments
 Land/space communication
 Chemical/biological environment sensing
 Meteorological sensing – for better aiming of guns and artillery
 Autonomous vehicles external aid
24

 Surveillance
Sensors minefield e.g. smart clear tracks on borders
 Urban engagement.
 Motion detection and enemy numbers
 Bunker/building mapping
 Peace time/treaty monitoring
 Intelligence in hostile areas/behind enemy lines
Transportation monitoring and traffic mapping
Missile hunting
Monitoring soldier vitals and injury
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 Games and sports
 Traffic monitoring
 Security
 Industrial facilities
 Appliances
 Agriculture
 Building management
 Energy management
 Temperature control
 Lighting control
 Fire systems
 Health, medicine and
wellness
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 It is difficult to fit all these devices in a small Smart
Dust both size wise and Energy wise.
 With devices so small, batteries present a massive
addition of weight.
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 Design of multi hop network
 Autonomous network
configuration
 Data Fusion
 Network Decision making
 Large Scale Distributed
Processing
 Sensors Networks could be
as useful as the Internet
 Internet allows us faster,
easier access to data and
information from the digital
domain.
 Sensor Networks expand our
ability to access data from the
physical world (analog domain).
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 There are many ongoing researches on
Smart Dust, the main purpose of these
researches is to make Smart Dust mote as
small as possible and to make it available at
as low price as possible. Soon we will see
Smart Dust being used in varied application
from all spans of life.
8/31/2009 29
Shahul Sarraf

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Smart dust_2009

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