The document discusses the concepts of smart and adaptive architecture. It begins by defining smart architecture as buildings that can adapt to changing needs over time through the use of technology. Next, it explores the history of materials in architecture and how modern materials like steel and glass allowed for new structural possibilities. The document then discusses how computer technologies now allow the use of smart materials whose properties can actively change. It provides examples of passive and active building systems that allow architecture to respond to its environment. In conclusion, transformable structures and smart facades are presented as ways to create architecture that can adapt in real-time through the use of kinetics and responsive designs.

1. Smart
architecture

2. Is it adaptive?
How smart is it?
Why is it smart?
What's the difference
between smart and
intelligent?
Which is better?

3. Human biology

4. Human biology
The simplest form of response in the nervous system is
reflex action. This is a rapid, automatic response to a
stimulus which is not under the voluntary control of the
brain. It is described as an involuntary action. Thus, a
reflex action is one which we perform automatically. It is
a comparatively simple form of behavior in which the
same stimulus produces the same response every time

5. Human biology

6. Wisdom
teeth
Evolution
keeping the eye clean and
moist or concealing the iris
from predators. In some
species, the membrane is
sufficiently transparent so as
to enable vision when
underground or underwater.
Change in human diet
where they used to eat a
lot of raw food that was
hard to bite into
In many mammals, ear
movements produced by
the auricular muscles
play a role in sound
localization and the
expression of emotion
Auricular Muscles
The muscle presumably
functioned in grip, with
some speculation that it
was of particular
importance for hanging
Palmaris Longus
Muscle

7. Adaptation

8. “by the time the built actually gets manifested in the
environment , the needs of the people are likely to
have undergone some degree of change. Hence, the
buildings need to be adaptable to evolving needs at all
times. Irrespective of the building typology or its
expected lifespan, creating something that can adapt
to changing times should be the priority for architects
and engineers”
Karan Grover

9. and so adaptive architecture refers to the adaption
of building to the change in the external
environment with the help of technology, which is
a Greece word ‘techne’ which means art and skill ,
the world surrounding us is characterized as a
dynamic , evolving framework in continuous flow ,
the artificial surroundings such as buildings
remained stable
What does all of that have to do with architecture?

10. • people used local materials such as stone , timber and bricks
• materials were not standardized, so builders and architects were forced
to rely on an extrinsic understanding of their properties and performance
• no legalization and building codes were stated
• human lives were so cheap
Back in the 19th century

11. Beginning in the 19th century with the widespread introduction of steel,
leading to the emergence of long-span and high-rise building forms,
materials transitioned from their pre-modern role of being subordinate to
architectural needs into a means to expand functional performance and
open up new formal responses.
The Eiffel tower
Gustav Eiffel
First steel monument

12. The crystal palace
Joseph Paxton
First curtain wall system
The broad proliferation of curtain wall systems allowed the disconnection
of the facade material from the building’s structure and infrastructure,
freeing the material choice from utilitarian functions so that the facade
could become a purely formal element.

13. Through advancements in CAD/CAM
(Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided
Manufacturing) technologies, engineering
materials such as aluminium and titanium was
able to be used in todays buildings .
As a result, today’s architects often think of
materials as part of a design palette from which
materials can be chosen and applied as
compositional and visual surfaces.
It is in this spirit that many have approached
the use of smart materials until the new
revolution in architecture took place leaving us
with transformable structure and dynamic
facades

14. Smart materials allow even a further specificity , their properties are
changeable ( a change in one property of smart materials may often be
accompanied by changes in their properties)
Smart architecture is fast becoming a buzzword in architecture and related
fields
MIND BLOWING

15. Technical systems of the digital revolution of
building and implementation technology
Executive
processes
Construction
Systems
Building
materials
•Steel Iron
•Reinforced concrete
•Glass
•Materials developed and
manufactured
•Re-industrialization
•Dealing with complex
configurations
•Calculating all factors affecting
and loads
•Proposal of the construction
system
•Computer software
•Change the thought of
implementation
•Remote control
•Fourth Dimension applications
•Automation of mass production and
metrology processes
•Development and innovation of
implementation software

16. What does it mean for
architecture to be smart?
How smart is
too smart?
How is
smartness
measured?
How does it differ from the previous attempts at making architecture
mechanically and/or computationally intelligent?
How does it relate to or embrace design
computing, computer aided
architectural design and sustainable
design?
Is there a possible architectural
framework that can be used to
provide the necessary direction
to the myriad academic and
professional pursuits currently
underway?

17. •Smart architecture maybe comprehensively defined as a blend of passive and active technological and architectural
strategies that harness computationally networked, globally connected, complex-adaptive and real-time responsiveness
so as to form a co evolutionary whole with the inhabitants
•smart environment as one that is able to acquire and apply knowledge about an environment and also to adapt to its
inhabitants in order to improve their experience in that environment.” Within the discipline of architecture, smart
architecture is a notion that is currently popular in the sustainable design and smart home circles, where smartness often
refers to the ability to passively or actively regulate a variety of environmental parameters including energy efficiency
•Other terms have been used by various people to mean more or less the same set of architectural attributes and
functionality as smart architecture.
•The term responsive architecture puts emphasis on increasing the interactive nature of building elements in response to
environmental or social or commercial needs in real-time
•Responsive architecture may involve any form of computationally-mediated responsiveness. Kinetic architecture, a term
once popular in the 1960s,is preferred by those who see architecture as a literally more mechanical, kinetic and moving
organism where spatial, mechanical movements are essential to its definition
•However, all the terms represent directions in architecture that involve active, instantaneous response to internal or
external conditions through computational agency.
before answering these question we better know the
definition and synonymous of smart architecture

18. Definitions according to famous companies:
• IBM says “Smarter buildings are well managed, integrated physical and digital infrastructures that provide optimal
occupancy services in a reliable, cost effective, and sustainable manner. Smarter buildings help their owners,
operators and facility managers improve asset reliability and performance that in turn reduces energy use, optimizes
how space is used and minimizes the environmental impact of their buildings.”
• LLC (a US-based engineering and design firm) offers this definition: “A smart building is the integration of
building, technology, and energy systems. These systems may include building automation, life safety,
telecommunications, user systems and facility management systems. Smart buildings recognize and reflect the
technological advancements and convergence of building systems, the common elements of the systems and the
additional functionality that integrated systems provide. Smart buildings provide actionable information about a
building or space within a building to allow the building owner or occupant to manage the building or space.
• Cisco says “Identifying responsible practices in site location and materials selection for new construction; Defining
and incorporating smart information infrastructure into the building architecture; Developing simple, flexible, and
scalable network systems for buildings; Incorporating power-management for network systems.”
• Finally, an elegant vision. In terms of building structures that will work well for us in the future, Siemens says in its
sharp YouTube video that, “only solutions which create the greatest synergies between energy efficiency, comfort
and safety and security will be sustainable over the long term … solutions that turn buildings into living organisms:
networked, smart, sensitive and adaptable.”

19. Buildings can respond to the
changes in nature on their own ,
without having to demolish the
building and come up with new
forms of structure to be designed in
order to serve their purpose

21. Smart TV

22. Smart
building

23. Passive technology

24. Passive wind
strategies

25. Passive wind
strategies

26. Passive heating
strategies

27. Acoustics

28. Solar shading

29. Case study 1
One Peking , Hong Kong

31. Case study 2
Cambridge public library , london

33. Case study 3
Menara Mesiniaga , Kuala lampur

35. Case study 4
Werner sobek , Stuttgart Germany

37. Pros and cons of passive
building systems:
Pros
• one time cost
•Costs fixed and known – high cost certainity
•Predictable stream of benefits
•Typically requires no little or no maintenance
•No moving parts & works 24 hours per day
cons
•High first cost
•Essentially fixed
•Cannot upgraded easily

38. Active technology
Transformable structures , are those that can adapt their shape or
function according to changing circumstances
Smart facades
Facades are the building interface
between indoors and outdoors,
mediating:
• Moisture
• Wind
• Heat
• Views
• Daylight
• solar gain
• Privacy
• Noise
These are time-based phenomena.
Kinetic facades can respond to them
in real-time.

39. As the environment changes during daily or seasonal cycles,
façade functions are often in conflict, e.g.
• Preserve views, but limit solar gain
• Retain heat, but let in fresh air
• Provide daylight but minimize glare
• Allow air flow but block sound waves
Dynamic facades allow us to balance these conflicts in innovative
ways.

40. Standardized solutions for dynamic facades
• Standardized solutions are based on ‘off the shelf’ technology louvers
venetian + roller blinds shutters
• Primary focus is on shading to control (light, glare, solar gain)
• customized according to project needs

41. New factors in dynamic facades
Technology has advanced significantly since 1987, with improved:
• Actuators
• Control systems
• Parametric design tools
• New ability by industry to handle automated solutions Reliabilit
addressed on several levels
• Simple design
• Experienced suppliers
• Developed technology technical systems are established prior to project cycle
• Testing timeline allows for cycle testing prior to installation
• Maintenance budget Based on these factors, a new generation of dynamic facades are
now being created.

42. in order to meet the demanding Zero Energy Building (ZEB) performance goals
windows must change their role from that of a static element to a dynamic element
since performance requirements change by hour, season, and weather conditions”.

43. Case study 1
PRAIRIE HOUSE

45. Case study 2
THE BLOOM

50. Technorama Facade

51. Smart
city

53. SingaporeBarcelonaLondonSan Francisco
Oslo