This document provides guidance for writing academic essays from the University of Toronto. It discusses developing an outline and thesis statement, organizing paragraphs, conducting research, and addressing different types of essays. Specific topics covered include developing an argument, incorporating sources, writing book reviews, comparative essays, science writing, and oral presentations. The document also offers advice on style, editing, grammar issues, and resources for developing writing skills.
A literature review is a search and evaluation of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic area. It documents the state of the art with respect to the subject or topic you are writing about. It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
Dissertation literature review writing involves a lot of work, study and dedicatation. Learn how to write great literature review papers and get some help writing if you have limited time to learn.
A literature review is a search and evaluation of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic area. It documents the state of the art with respect to the subject or topic you are writing about. It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
Dissertation literature review writing involves a lot of work, study and dedicatation. Learn how to write great literature review papers and get some help writing if you have limited time to learn.
This powerpoint will look at the basic differences between concept maps, mind mapping, graphic organizers, and outlines ... all as a form of graphically representing mental schema. By Jesse Gentile
WRITING CENTRE Level 3 East, Hub Central North Terrace.docxjeffevans62972
WRITING CENTRE
Level 3 East, Hub Central
North Terrace campus, The University of Adelaide
ph +61 8 8313 3021
[email protected]
www.adelaide.edu.au/writingcentre/
Writing a Literature Review
Writing Centre Learning Guide
At some point in your university study, you may be asked to review the literature on
a certain subject or in a particular area. Such a review involves comparing different
writers’ ideas or perspectives on a topic and evaluating these ideas, all in relation to
your own work. A literature review differs from an article review in that it involves
writing about several writers’ ideas, rather than evaluating a single article. It is also
different to an annotated bibliography, which is usually a series of short reflections
on individual pieces of writing.
Introduction
The literature review enables you and your reader to get an overview of a certain subject, so that it
is clear who the main writers are in the field, and which main points need to be addressed. It
should be an evaluative piece of writing, rather than just a description. This means that you need to
weigh up arguments and critique ideas, rather than just providing a list of what different writers
have said. It is up to you to decide what the reader needs to know on the topic, but you should only
include the main pieces of writing in this area; a literature review does not need to include
everything ever written on the topic. The most important thing is to show how the literature relates
to your own work.
You may be writing a literature review as part of a thesis, or as an exercise in itself. Whatever the
reason, there are many benefits to writing a literature review. It provides an opportunity to:
identify a gap in previous research
outline the main arguments in your field
show that you are familiar with the literature on your topic
indicate who the main writers are in a particular area
evaluate previous studies
position your work in relation to other writers
identify areas of controversy
support your own work by citing other authors
highlight current literature and use older sources where relevant
see what previous methodologies have been used and to avoid making the same mistakes
as previous researchers
demonstrate that you can do research
avoid plagiarism and demonstrate your referencing skills
provide a clear theoretical framework
2
demonstrate your understanding of the key ideas and concepts in your topic
define your terms, drawing on other writers’ definitions
make you more confident that your area of research is worth studying.
(adapted from Bruce 2002; Clerehan 1999; CQUniversity 2010; Leedy & Ormrod 2005; Littrell 2003;
Roberts & Taylor 2002; Study and Learning Centre, RMIT 2005; Swales & Feak 1994)
What to include
There are many types of literature that you could include in a review, but as far as possible you
should use primary sources. .
Handout for 2010 NISOD presentation, "Assessment, like revision, is recursive: Re-designing and re-thinking metrics and methods for the assessment of student writing"
An effective presentation for those seeking to master essay writing, creative writing, APA referencing style and to map the writing process through actionable steps, yielding successful outcomes. Kemal Brown, Digital Consultant.
LE 4000 Week2b pptslides language for research and critical reading feb2014iiumgodzilla
iiumgodzilla presents this paper for English language students and others who do LE4000.
Some times lecturers don't give you good notes. so use it and get a A grade. Good Luck :)
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Slideshare to write essays
1. SLIDESHARE TO WRITE ESSAYS
A guide for the writing of essays from Toronto
University
2. An excellent essay
characteristics
•Strong evidence of original thinking.
•Good organization.
•Capacity to analyze and synthesize.
•Superior grasp of subject matter with
sound critical evaluations.
•Evidence of extensive knowledge base.
3. ORGANIZING AN ESSAY
To have a clear idea of the type of
essay you are about to write
Research (cards, computer, the
circle method)
Outline/structure
P-L-A-N!!!
4. ORGANIZING AN ESSSAY II
Thesis Statements
assertion to be explained and supported
emphasis, methodology of argument
awareness of difficulties/disagreement
Paragraphs: illustration; definition; analysis; contrast
Introduction
identify the topic and catch the reader´s attention
Topic Sentence
Main point, mini-thesis
Conclusion
closure and stationg concepts in wider context
6. PREVIEWING THE TEXT
Read the title
Think about the subject matter:
Who wrote this text?
When was it published?
Where was it published?
7. SKIMMING AND SCANNING
Skim the text by reading carefully
the first paragraphs and the
conclusion and just the larger
concepts in-between
Scan to look especifically if the text
mentions the subject you are
researching
Summarize
9. SPECIFIC TYPES OF
WRITING I
The Book Review or Article Critique
(it comments on and evaluates the book)
The Annotated Bibliography
(account of the research done)
The Literature Review
(account of the knowledge and ideas
published on the topic)
The Academic Proposal
(first step in producing a thesis)
(first impression, information and reasoning)
10. SPECIFIC TYPES OF WRITING
II
The Comparative Essay
(compare and contrast ideas,
positions on an issue, events,
theories, texts, figures)
History
primary source (created at the
time of the event)
secondary source (what other
scholars have written)
11. SPECIFIC TYPES OF
WRITING III
Literature
avoid telling the plot
master the art of analytical
thesis
respect the structure
analyse, avoid evaluative
judgements
don´t confuse author with
speaker
12. SPECIFIC TYPES OF WRITING
IV
Essays in Science
Few differences: jargon, audience, use
of passive voice
The Abstract
first impression, quantitive and qualitive of
the document
The Academic Proposal
first step in producing a thesis)
Admission Letter
be personal, focussed, coherent,
interpretive, specific
13. SPECIFIC TYPES OF WRITING V
Aplication Letters and Résumés
keep the reader´s interest in mind
balace facts and claims
write concisely
The Lab Report
specific outline, Engineering focussed
Oral Presentations
l ike any essay + reharsal +taking looks into account+
performance+handling of questions
14. STYLE
Points to evaluate in an essay:
handling of the topic and fulfillment
of the assignment
the quality of ideas
organization
style and grammar.
15. EDITING
1. Revise the intention of the essay
2. Revise the organization
3. Polish and edit your essay:
word choice, sentence structure,
grammar, punctuation and spelling
4. Be neat. Looks do count
17. ENGLISH AS A
2ND.LANGUAGE
Using Articles
The Definite Article
Expressions of Quantity
Gerunds and Infinitives
Verbs for Referring to Sources
18. FURTHER RESOURCES
Online Writing Advice from Other
Institutions
Online Writing Reference Tools
Online Resources for Students of
English as a Second Language
Online Resources on Pursuing a
Career as a Writer
19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Corson, T. and Smollett, R. “Passive Voice: When to use it and
when to avoid it”. University College Writing Centre.
• Fitzgerald, H. “Some tools to improve your Spelling”. University
College Writing Centre. Freedman, L. And Plotnick, J.
“Introductions and conclusions”. University College Writing
Centre.
• Hall, J. and Plotnick, J. “Using Topic Sentences” . University
College Writing Centre.
• Knott, D. “Critical Reading Towards Critical Writing”. New College
Writing Centre Plotnick, J. “Organizing an Essay”. University
College Writing Centre.
• Plotnick, J. “Punctuation” . University College Writing Centre
Procter, M. “Paragraphs” . Writing Support, and Visvis, V.
University College Writing Centre.
• Procter, M. “Revising and Editing”. Writing Support.
• Procter, M. “Using Thesis Statements”. Writing Support
Silber, C. A. “Some General Advice on Academic Essay Writing.”
Department of English
