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English 273
History of the English Language
           (H.O.T.E.L.)
Linguistics

To study English linguistically is to study its
structure, its historical development, and its
variety and relationship to other languages.
English: the Lingua Franca



A Lingua franca is a bridge language, allowing
people from different cultures to communicate
even if they have different native languages.
English: the Lingua Franca

•India
•Official Language: Standard Hindi

•Primary Language: English (Indian English)
English: the Lingua Franca


Kenya
•Official Language: Bantu
 Swahili

•Official Language: English
International Usage

English is a Lingua Franca, not because it is spoken
by more people than any other language, but
because many people speak it and because it has
greater international usage than any other language.
Lingua Franca

English has remained a Lingua Franca
even after colonization because the
onset of the technological revolution,
particularly the use of the Internet,
increased the need to know English.
Lingua Franca


The power of the Internet in maintaining
English as a Lingua Franca has been
changing recently because of foreign
Internet browsers and because of the
translation capabilities of U.S. browsers
and websites.
NgugiwaThiong'o


•NgugiwaThiong'o is an Kenyan author who currently
teaches Comparative Literature at the University of
California at Irvine. He wrote Decolonizing the Mind while
imprisoned for speaking against the Kenyan
governmental authorities.
In 1967, Thiong'o eventually
renounced English and began
writing exclusively in his native
  language: Gikuyu (kikuyu)
Caribbean English

Because of colonization, the Caribbean
is divided, with some areas being
French-speaking, other areas Spanish-
speaking, still other areas Dutch-
speaking, and finally, some areas,
English speaking.
Jamaican English

•Creole English
      Sometimes referred to as Jamaican
      Patois or Jamaican Creole; it has no
      standardized spelling and is often
      used in informal settings and in
      popular music.
Jamaican English
•Jamaican Standard English (JSE)
        Combination of American and
        British English, particularly in terms
        of vocabulary. It incorporates some
        lexicon from Jamaican Patois and is
        usually the language of education,
        government, and media. JMS is
        used for writing and is used within
        educational institutions.
English in India
India
        Official Language: Standard Hindi


 Primary Language: English (Indian English)
Today, English remains a primary
language in India because of the
class associations with language
  and because of globalization.
National Variations of American
              English

One of the most important terms in the study
of English in American (U.S.) is dialect.
National Variations of American
              English
Dialect--a dialect is the variation of a
standard language used by a particular
cultural, social group
Dialects of SAE

African American Vernacular English
(AAVE)--this is the largest dialect
White Vernacular English (WVE)
(sometimes referred to as EAVE--
European American Vernacular
English)
Hispanic Vernacular English (HVE)
Dialects of SAE

Each dialect of SAE has its own variations--
according to region, ethnicity, economics,
and gender.
AAVE
 Examples of words and phrases in the AAVE
                 Lexicon

Ashy
Saditty
Kitchen
PotLiquor
Get my praise on
Nigga
Dogg
AAVE

•It is not only the lexicon which distinguishes
AAVE from SAE but also the highly
metaphorical nature of AAVE
AAVE

Being rooted in the language of the newly arrived
Africans and their descendants, AAVE became not
only a language to communicate but also a
language of hidden meaning.

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Slidesforweb

  • 1. English 273 History of the English Language (H.O.T.E.L.)
  • 2. Linguistics To study English linguistically is to study its structure, its historical development, and its variety and relationship to other languages.
  • 3. English: the Lingua Franca A Lingua franca is a bridge language, allowing people from different cultures to communicate even if they have different native languages.
  • 4. English: the Lingua Franca •India •Official Language: Standard Hindi •Primary Language: English (Indian English)
  • 5. English: the Lingua Franca Kenya •Official Language: Bantu Swahili •Official Language: English
  • 6. International Usage English is a Lingua Franca, not because it is spoken by more people than any other language, but because many people speak it and because it has greater international usage than any other language.
  • 7. Lingua Franca English has remained a Lingua Franca even after colonization because the onset of the technological revolution, particularly the use of the Internet, increased the need to know English.
  • 8. Lingua Franca The power of the Internet in maintaining English as a Lingua Franca has been changing recently because of foreign Internet browsers and because of the translation capabilities of U.S. browsers and websites.
  • 9. NgugiwaThiong'o •NgugiwaThiong'o is an Kenyan author who currently teaches Comparative Literature at the University of California at Irvine. He wrote Decolonizing the Mind while imprisoned for speaking against the Kenyan governmental authorities.
  • 10. In 1967, Thiong'o eventually renounced English and began writing exclusively in his native language: Gikuyu (kikuyu)
  • 11. Caribbean English Because of colonization, the Caribbean is divided, with some areas being French-speaking, other areas Spanish- speaking, still other areas Dutch- speaking, and finally, some areas, English speaking.
  • 12. Jamaican English •Creole English Sometimes referred to as Jamaican Patois or Jamaican Creole; it has no standardized spelling and is often used in informal settings and in popular music.
  • 13. Jamaican English •Jamaican Standard English (JSE) Combination of American and British English, particularly in terms of vocabulary. It incorporates some lexicon from Jamaican Patois and is usually the language of education, government, and media. JMS is used for writing and is used within educational institutions.
  • 14. English in India India Official Language: Standard Hindi Primary Language: English (Indian English)
  • 15. Today, English remains a primary language in India because of the class associations with language and because of globalization.
  • 16. National Variations of American English One of the most important terms in the study of English in American (U.S.) is dialect.
  • 17. National Variations of American English Dialect--a dialect is the variation of a standard language used by a particular cultural, social group
  • 18. Dialects of SAE African American Vernacular English (AAVE)--this is the largest dialect White Vernacular English (WVE) (sometimes referred to as EAVE-- European American Vernacular English) Hispanic Vernacular English (HVE)
  • 19. Dialects of SAE Each dialect of SAE has its own variations-- according to region, ethnicity, economics, and gender.
  • 20. AAVE Examples of words and phrases in the AAVE Lexicon Ashy Saditty Kitchen PotLiquor Get my praise on Nigga Dogg
  • 21. AAVE •It is not only the lexicon which distinguishes AAVE from SAE but also the highly metaphorical nature of AAVE
  • 22. AAVE Being rooted in the language of the newly arrived Africans and their descendants, AAVE became not only a language to communicate but also a language of hidden meaning.