Since 2007, The Climate Institute has conducted comprehensive quantitative and qualitative research into Australian attitudes to climate change and its solutions. We have published a number of Climate of the Nation reports and aim to publish annual mid-year reports to track evolving attitudes and actions.
More information can be found on The Climate institute's website:
www.climateinstitute.org.au/climate-of-the-nation-2012.html
Political Economy and Abrupt Climate ChangeIJRTEMJOURNAL
The theory of abrupt climate change shortens the time span for global decarbonisation,
according to the scheme adopted in the Paris 2015 Agreement. To avoid catastrophe wit climate chaos and huge
sea level rise, the COP21 must e reinforced and implemented now. The arrival of two positive feedback loops,
Arctic sea melting and methane emission for melting permafrost, push temperature higher on the Keeling curve.
Without global coordination, global warming is on its way to become unstoppable – Hawking’s irreversibilty
Today, CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are around 50 per cent higher than they were 20 years ago, and have been rising each year. This kind of change to the chemical mixture in the air doesn’t come without consequences. Acting like a blanket, the build-up of greenhouse gases is the main reason why the average global temperature has risen by nearly 1°C in the last century. This booklet explains why a rise of only a few degrees in the average global temperature risks our prosperity, security, and health. It explains why it is so important to reverse the rise in emissions within the decade. And why it is still within our means to do so. For more information visit www.climateinstitute.org.au/dangerous-degrees.html
Since 2007, The Climate Institute has conducted comprehensive quantitative and qualitative research into Australian attitudes to climate change and its solutions.
More information can be found on The Climate institute's website:
www.climateinstitute.org.au/climate-of-the-nation-2013.html
Green ICT: More Efficiently Unsustainable?Joss Winn
My slides for the Digital 2020 GreenICT mini-conference: http://www.digital2020.org.uk/skills/events/green
There are quite extensive notes which can be read from slide 21 onwards.
Since 2007, The Climate Institute has conducted comprehensive quantitative and qualitative research into Australian attitudes to climate change and its solutions. We have published a number of Climate of the Nation reports and aim to publish annual mid-year reports to track evolving attitudes and actions.
More information can be found on The Climate institute's website:
www.climateinstitute.org.au/climate-of-the-nation-2012.html
Political Economy and Abrupt Climate ChangeIJRTEMJOURNAL
The theory of abrupt climate change shortens the time span for global decarbonisation,
according to the scheme adopted in the Paris 2015 Agreement. To avoid catastrophe wit climate chaos and huge
sea level rise, the COP21 must e reinforced and implemented now. The arrival of two positive feedback loops,
Arctic sea melting and methane emission for melting permafrost, push temperature higher on the Keeling curve.
Without global coordination, global warming is on its way to become unstoppable – Hawking’s irreversibilty
Today, CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are around 50 per cent higher than they were 20 years ago, and have been rising each year. This kind of change to the chemical mixture in the air doesn’t come without consequences. Acting like a blanket, the build-up of greenhouse gases is the main reason why the average global temperature has risen by nearly 1°C in the last century. This booklet explains why a rise of only a few degrees in the average global temperature risks our prosperity, security, and health. It explains why it is so important to reverse the rise in emissions within the decade. And why it is still within our means to do so. For more information visit www.climateinstitute.org.au/dangerous-degrees.html
Since 2007, The Climate Institute has conducted comprehensive quantitative and qualitative research into Australian attitudes to climate change and its solutions.
More information can be found on The Climate institute's website:
www.climateinstitute.org.au/climate-of-the-nation-2013.html
Green ICT: More Efficiently Unsustainable?Joss Winn
My slides for the Digital 2020 GreenICT mini-conference: http://www.digital2020.org.uk/skills/events/green
There are quite extensive notes which can be read from slide 21 onwards.
The Green New Deal is designed to convert the grey economy into an “environmentally sound, economically viable and socially responsible” sustainable economy. Yet, the Green New Deal has not been so welcomed due to its “unrealistic” socio-economic program and it is left to be seen whether its realization will be achieved.
An Economic View of Environmental ProtectioneAmbiente
Robert N. Stavins
Albert Pratt Professor of Business and Government
John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
Conference on Sustainability in Manufacturing
Assoreca and the Green Economy Network
Assolombarda Auditorium, Milano
November 20, 2014
This presentation summarises The Climate Institute’s report, Climate Smart Super: Understanding Superannuation & Climate Risk, which examines the impact of climate and carbon risks on retirement and superannuation savings, especially in Australia. Superannuation funds are often Australians’ biggest or second biggest asset but until now very few have had accessible information enabling them to take an active role in managing that asset against climate and carbon policy risks. This report (and presentation) offers a number of simple steps to assist people to engage with their super funds so that they can move from being accidental to active investors and start challenging the dangerous short term focus in business and politics that threatens retirement savings. For more information, visit www.climateinstitute.org.au/climate-smart-super.html
The distress facing the agriculture sector needs an integrated approach deriving a win-win solution for all the concerned stakeholders—water security and better livelihood for farmers, easing of the massive financial burden on the state and the electricity utility, and benefits to the public at large through job creation and lower emissions. Our analysis considers a three-pronged approach consisting of (i) grid-interactive solar PV (photovoltaic), (ii) energy efficient pumps (EE), and (iii) advanced irrigation technology (AI) at the farm level. It makes policy recommendations for a successful implementation of this approach.
I grew up in Highland Park, the heart of Detroit, when the car industry was booming and times were good. My dad was an accountant at Plymouth, and a Marine. My mom and I sat on our couch watching President Roosevelt rally us to war with tanks and jeeps made in Detroit.
This presentation summarises The Climate Institute’s report, Global Climate Leadership Review 2013. It provides an overview of Australian climate policy in a global context, as well as elaborating on the implications of global climate diplomacy and domestic actions for Australia. For more information, visit http://www.climateinstitute.org.au/global-climate-leadership-review-2013.html.
Water-Energy-Land-Livelihood (WELL) Nexus Report, June 2019Martin Scherfler
The distress facing the agriculture sector needs an integrated approach deriving a win-win solution for all the concerned stakeholders—water security and better livelihood for farmers, easing of the massive financial burden on the state and the electricity utility, and benefits to the public at large through job creation and lower emissions. Our analysis considers a three-pronged approach consisting of (i) grid-interactive solar PV (photovoltaic), (ii) energy efficient pumps (EE), and (iii) advanced irrigation technology (AI) at the farm level. It makes policy recommendations for a successful implementation of this approach.
Towards a green new deal on the island of IrelandJohn Barry
'Towards a Green New Deal?: Greening the Economy in a carbon-constrained world', presentation made to the EUROPE 2020 - ALL-ISLAND CONFERENCE ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND JOBS'
DUNDALK, CROWNE PLAZA HOTEL, 1 SEPTEMBER 2011
Secure Supply USA FIlls the GREEN H2 Energy Storage and Mw Class Energy Generation application which provide's a unique place within the Hydrogen Council's project's.
www.securesupplyusa.com
The Green New Deal is designed to convert the grey economy into an “environmentally sound, economically viable and socially responsible” sustainable economy. Yet, the Green New Deal has not been so welcomed due to its “unrealistic” socio-economic program and it is left to be seen whether its realization will be achieved.
An Economic View of Environmental ProtectioneAmbiente
Robert N. Stavins
Albert Pratt Professor of Business and Government
John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
Conference on Sustainability in Manufacturing
Assoreca and the Green Economy Network
Assolombarda Auditorium, Milano
November 20, 2014
This presentation summarises The Climate Institute’s report, Climate Smart Super: Understanding Superannuation & Climate Risk, which examines the impact of climate and carbon risks on retirement and superannuation savings, especially in Australia. Superannuation funds are often Australians’ biggest or second biggest asset but until now very few have had accessible information enabling them to take an active role in managing that asset against climate and carbon policy risks. This report (and presentation) offers a number of simple steps to assist people to engage with their super funds so that they can move from being accidental to active investors and start challenging the dangerous short term focus in business and politics that threatens retirement savings. For more information, visit www.climateinstitute.org.au/climate-smart-super.html
The distress facing the agriculture sector needs an integrated approach deriving a win-win solution for all the concerned stakeholders—water security and better livelihood for farmers, easing of the massive financial burden on the state and the electricity utility, and benefits to the public at large through job creation and lower emissions. Our analysis considers a three-pronged approach consisting of (i) grid-interactive solar PV (photovoltaic), (ii) energy efficient pumps (EE), and (iii) advanced irrigation technology (AI) at the farm level. It makes policy recommendations for a successful implementation of this approach.
I grew up in Highland Park, the heart of Detroit, when the car industry was booming and times were good. My dad was an accountant at Plymouth, and a Marine. My mom and I sat on our couch watching President Roosevelt rally us to war with tanks and jeeps made in Detroit.
This presentation summarises The Climate Institute’s report, Global Climate Leadership Review 2013. It provides an overview of Australian climate policy in a global context, as well as elaborating on the implications of global climate diplomacy and domestic actions for Australia. For more information, visit http://www.climateinstitute.org.au/global-climate-leadership-review-2013.html.
Water-Energy-Land-Livelihood (WELL) Nexus Report, June 2019Martin Scherfler
The distress facing the agriculture sector needs an integrated approach deriving a win-win solution for all the concerned stakeholders—water security and better livelihood for farmers, easing of the massive financial burden on the state and the electricity utility, and benefits to the public at large through job creation and lower emissions. Our analysis considers a three-pronged approach consisting of (i) grid-interactive solar PV (photovoltaic), (ii) energy efficient pumps (EE), and (iii) advanced irrigation technology (AI) at the farm level. It makes policy recommendations for a successful implementation of this approach.
Towards a green new deal on the island of IrelandJohn Barry
'Towards a Green New Deal?: Greening the Economy in a carbon-constrained world', presentation made to the EUROPE 2020 - ALL-ISLAND CONFERENCE ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND JOBS'
DUNDALK, CROWNE PLAZA HOTEL, 1 SEPTEMBER 2011
Secure Supply USA FIlls the GREEN H2 Energy Storage and Mw Class Energy Generation application which provide's a unique place within the Hydrogen Council's project's.
www.securesupplyusa.com
Climate Change mitigation: practical measures to limit global warming IPCC re...GreenFacts
The IPCC uses a very specific language when it comes to expressing the degree of uncertainty or agreement for each statement in the fifth assessment report. For an overview of the specific meaning of each qualifier, you can read the relevant section in our summary of the Working Group I report.
Fossil fuel divestment and the end of the carbon development paradigm: David ...leavesoflanguage
Presentation at the Climate-Proofing South African Retirement Funds event - 1 August 2019. For details of these events, please visit www.fossilfreesa.org.za.
For the global sustainability community,
the most effective catalyst of change
has long been seen as the informed
self-interest of the mainstream financial
community: if banks and investors
could be convinced of the proximity of
environmental risk or societal impacts,
then it has been assumed that capital
diverted from ‘unsustainable’ practices
would render all other interventions
unnecessary. In practice though, the
sustainability community has found
the financial sector a hard nut to crack.
Although recent years have seen a
substantial increase in the integration of
environmental, social and governance
(ESG) data forming part of investment
analysis, the continued emphasis on shortterm
results and incentives has pushed
longer-term environmental risks, such as
climate change, outside of the boundary
of risks contemplated by mainstream
analysts. That is, until recently.
Can Australia lead the way with an effective climate action program?
Why is local and global action on climate change taking so long? Why are politicians, the media, scientists and industry chasing each other’s tails on the urgent issue of reducing carbon dioxide pollution? Almost two years on from the anticlimactic Copenhagen climate change summit, CO2 emissions are still rising. Why aren’t Australians willing to invest in protecting the future survival of their descendents?
This interactive forum takes stock of the current CO2 emissions and carbon tax debate and considers how a positive climate action program could work with the big polluters as well as foster community groups and households to be powerful change agents.
Speakers:
Dr Ian McGregor
Ian McGregor is a Lecturer in the UTS School of Management and researcher in the global politics of climate change, with a particular focus on the Copenhagen Climate Summit in 2009 and Cancun Climate Summit in 2010. He is also part of the Steering Committee of Climate Action Network Australia and works closely with Climate Action Network International on a variety of global climate change policy issues.
Associate Professor James Goodman
James Goodman conducts collaborative research into social movements that pursue global justice and climate justice. He is a political sociologist concerned with ecological change and how societies respond to it. His current work puts special emphasis on the role of grassroots mobilisation in addressing the climate crisis.
Dr Chris Riedy
Chris Riedy is a Research Director at the Institute for Sustainable Futures and President of the Climate Action Network Australia. He has particular expertise in energy policy, climate change response and socio-cultural change. He works as a facilitator and change agent to help deliver personal, organisational, systemic and cultural responses to sustainability challenges.
UTSPEAKS: is a free public lecture series presented by UTS experts discussing a range of important issues confronting contemporary Australia.
Use the hashtag #utspeaks to tweet about the lecture on Twitter.
Future of energy - An initial perspective - Jeremy Bentham, VP Global Busine...Future Agenda
An initial perspective on the future of energy by Jeremy Bentham, VP Global Business Environment at Shell. This is the starting point for the global future agenda discussions taking place through 2015 as part of the the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
Political Economy and Abrupt Climate ChangeIJRTEMJOURNAL
The theory of abrupt climate change shortens the time span for global decarbonisation,
according to the scheme adopted in the Paris 2015 Agreement. To avoid catastrophe wit climate chaos and huge
sea level rise, the COP21 must e reinforced and implemented now. The arrival of two positive feedback loops,
Arctic sea melting and methane emission for melting permafrost, push temperature higher on the Keeling curve.
Without global coordination, global warming is on its way to become unstoppable – Hawking’s irreversibilty
Today’s renewable energy sources are very important for lots of countries. Therefore, many countries start to change and implement their policies. Especially, in Turkey and Europe the importance of solar and wind energies influence the energy policies.
Low Carbon China - Innovation Beyond Efficiencypolicysolutions
Radical innovation is essential to achieve green growth. This paper presents three case studies of business model innovation: fertilizer, lighting services and end-of-life treatment of tires. It makes the case that a culture of innovation is the basis for a low-carbon economy, which demands that we individually and collectively:
• Aspire to transformational, not incremental change;
• Adopt new behaviors and think differently.
English translation of Mandarin original (in press with the Chinese journal Plant Engineering Consultants)
PRESS RELEASE
Potential of Renewable Energy Outlined in Report by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Experts Underline Significant Future Role in Cutting Greenhouse Gas Emissions and
Powering Sustainable Development
Over 160 Scenarios on the Potential of six Renewable Energy Technologies Reviewed by
Global Team of Technological Experts and Scientists
11
th
Session of Working Group III
Fueling the Future: A Comprehensive Examination of Energy Sources and Sustain...arbazkh8596
In an era marked by environmental concerns, geopolitical tensions, and technological advancements, the question of how we power our world has never been more critical.
Future of energy - Insights from Discussions Building on an Initial Perspecti...Future Agenda
Insights from Discussions Building on an Initial Perspective by An initial perspective on the future of energy by Jeremy Bentham, VP Global Business Environment at Shell. This includes insights from an event with The Climate Group and builds on the starting point for the global future agenda discussions taking place through 2015 as part of the the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
Similar to Slides NERI Seminar - just energy transitions john barry QUB 25 oct 18 (20)
Economics made Simple 2019 week 1 - Concepts and Irish Economic DevelopmentNevinInstitute
Dr Tom McDonnell, Senior Economist at the NERI presented at week 1 of the "Economics made Simple" series of Lectures in the Teacher's Club on Monday 21st October. The Lectures are run in conjunction with The People's College. Tom presented on "Concepts and Irish Economic Development".
Slides from NERI Quarterly Economic Observer (QEO) Summer, 2019 Launch which took place in Buswells Hotel on Thursday 18th July, 2019. The QEO proposes changes to the taxation of capital stocks in the Republic, in particular reforms to Local Property Tax.
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Dr Cian McMahon, Postdoctoral research position, Saint Mary's University, Nova Scotia presented at a NERI Seminar on 5th June, 2019 on the subject of Cooperative Commonwealth
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Wives, Mothers, Workers: A brief history of women in social policyNevinInstitute
This presentation charts the development of women’s social rights in employment law, the income tax code and social welfare system, from the nineteenth century to the present. It shows how barriers to equality for women today are rooted in the policy legacy of favouring the male breadwinner/ female carer family.
What is behind aggregate productivity in Ireland? A granular approachNevinInstitute
This paper aims to empirically test for Ireland the “granular hypothesis” (Gabaix 2011) which posits that firm-level productivity shocks can explain a sizable portion of aggregate productivity fluctuations.
The Irish case is particularly relevant as Ireland has been experiencing increasing economic concentration in recent years to the point that micro shocks to a few selected firms in 2015 led to significant level shifts in aggregate variables like GDP (+34 per cent) and, particularly, labour productivity (+23 per cent) and total factor productivity (-12 per cent).
Combining macro data from the CSO and the OECD with micro data from the Annual Business Survey of Economic Impact (ABSEI), the granular hypothesis is tested in Ireland for the period 2000-2016.
Research findings confirm that productivity shocks to the 5 largest firms (in terms of value added) in Ireland account for a large fraction (about one-third) of aggregate productivity growth. These empirical results shed light on the origins of Irish productivity fluctuations, the consequences of economic concentration on resilience and the importance of diversification policies aimed at broadening Ireland’s enterprise base of productive firms.
Health is of central importance to well-being. The standard and reach of health services have improved in Ireland over recent decades as indeed have health outcomes. However, not all of this progress has been experienced equally by all sections of the population. In particular, there are significant and persistent disparities in healthcare outcomes adjusted for socio-economic status. Similar disparities in the level of access to healthcare and the scope of healthcare provision point to a systemic problem. This paper considers a policy approach that could deliver a single, universal, comprehensive and integrated health service fit for purpose and one to which all people can have access on the basis of need and not ability to pay. Our costing exercise demonstrates that health system transition and reform will entail additional demands on public resources with implications for fiscal policy.
Presentation at NERI Seminar by Dr Rory Hearne, NUI Maynooth NevinInstitute
The current housing crisis in Ireland is not a mere ‘blip’, with a return to a ‘normal’ functioning housing market due to take place in the coming years. This paper argues that the Irish housing system, as a result of government housing policies combined with macro-level shifts in the economy towards precariousness and the increasing importance of global investment funds, has undergone a structural ‘shock’. This has resulted in a dramatic increase in housing inequalities and exclusion, from the rise in homelessness and those in mortgage arrears to the emergence of ‘generation rent’. This paper provides a critical analysis of the key government policies of marketisation and privatisation of social housing (HAP, Public Private Partnerships and leasing) and the financialisation of housing (the strategy for ‘economic recovery’ – NAMA and Real Estate Investment Trusts in private rental provision and land sale, vulture funds in mortgage arrears, the prioritising of investor interest over tenant security of tenure) and their role in contributing to the crisis and rising inequality. It looks, not just at who are ‘losing’ but also documents the ‘winners’ - those who have benefitted most from this crisis and the post-2008 housing regime in Ireland. Finally, it presents the case that if the crisis is to be addressed a fundamental shift is required in policy approach to treat housing as a social good and human right, but this is only like to happen if there is a cross-societal citizen mobilisation, with trade unions, social movements and NGOs playing a key role, in re-imagining a new paradigm for housing as a home in Ireland.
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Benchmarking Productivity in the Republic of Ireland presented by Paul Goldrick-Kelly, Economist, NERI
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The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
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Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
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Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
Slides NERI Seminar - just energy transitions john barry QUB 25 oct 18
1. Just energy transitions and ‘full
spectrum innovation’:
decarbonisation, divestment,
democratisation and disruption
John Barry
Professor of Green Political Economy
Centre or the Study of Risk and Inequality
Queen’s University Belfast
@centre_risk
@ProfJohnBarry
j.barry@qub.ac.uk
2. research base
1.‘Catalysing and Characterising Transitions’ – 3 yr Irish EPA
project mapping the RoI low energy transition (2014-2017)
2. Barry, J et al (2015)
3. Healy, N and Barry, J (2017)
4. Barry, J and Mercier, S (2018)
3. the condition our climate and carbon condition is in
Recent IPCC report
Mary Robinson’s new book
Energy transition as flip slide of climate change
And a ‘just transition’ as flip side of climate justice
4.
5.
6.
7. “Ireland’s location at the edge of the Atlantic Ocean ensures
one of the best wind and ocean resources in Europe”.
International Energy Agency
Ireland’s solar climate is as good as Paris, and equivalent to
70% of the solar climate on the Mediterranean coast.
This means that a transition to a 100% renewable energy
system for the island of Ireland is entirely feasible.
8. local context – Republic
In July 2017 the Republic of Ireland passed a law to ban
onshore fracking.
However, just days later, one of Ireland’s most prominent oil
and gas exploration companies, Providence Resources, was
granted a license to drill, in search of an estimated five
billion barrels of oil.
A year later the Irish government committed to divest from
fossil fuel corporations, the first country in the world to do
so. It appears that Ireland’s work on climate change is a
matter of double-speak – with Government taking positive
steps, while allowing privatised carbon-heavy industries to
undermine them.
9. Fuel Poverty in Northern Ireland
“The main reason for this is a
combination of our climate, lower
incomes, higher fuel price and a high
dependence on oil. In Northern Ireland
oil is the most common home heating
fuel.
Around 68 per cent of households use oil
and this rises to over 80 per cent of
households in rural areas.
This over-dependence on one
unregulated fuel means fuel poverty
initiatives in Northern Ireland need to
address a unique set of challenges which
do not exist in other regions of the UK”.
11. what is a ‘just transition’?
Ensuring transition from high to low carbon economies
do not increase social injustice – i.e. costs of the
transition being borne disproportionally by low income
groups/working class
Climate stabilisation, climate justice and shift away
from coal, oil and gas to renewable, decentralised
energy systems
Ensuring jobs in the green/renewable energy sectors
are decent and well paid
12. what is a ‘just transition’
Origins in the trades’ union/labour movement.
decarbonisation of the energy system requires investment
and innovation in growing the low carbon system (which
includes but goes beyond energy and electricity production,
distribution and consumption, but includes, inter alia, the
food, housing, transportation systems).
But it also requires the planned retirement and
decommissioning of the carbon energy system
But in a way that does not unfairly or unjustly impact on
workers, communities and vulnerable sections of the
population
13. overcoming ‘environment vs. jobs’
framing
“Labor unions..[have often] defended fossil fuel (and
nuclear energy) jobs against environmental arguments and
moves toward a decarbonized energy system.
Here we must recognize that a “jobs versus the
environment/climate” frame has often dominated labor
union energy transition thinking.
These concerns need to be recognized, and here a just
transition framing directs more policy attention to the
creation of new jobs as fossil fuel based ones are phased
out. In this way a just transition focus could helpfully
facilitate greater capacity for communities to plan for low-
carbon energy transitions”
(Healy and Barry, 2017: 454; emphasis added )
14. Avoiding ‘multiple injustices’
(Jakob and Steckel, 2016, p.9)
Global Just Transition - Linking poverty alleviation, pro-
poor and inclusive development of countries in the
global south with climate mitigation and low carbon
energy transition – via the UN Sustainable Development
Goals
15. The preamble of the Paris Agreement on
climate change, adopted in 2015, also
underscores close links between climate
action, sustainable development and a just
transition, with Parties to the Agreement
“taking into account the imperatives of a just
transition of the workforce and the creation of
decent work and quality jobs in accordance
with nationally defined development
priorities.”
17. what is a ‘just transition’?
Not enough to focus on environmental/ energy/
resource dimensions of the transition from ‘actually
existing unsustainability’
Economic, social, justice and human rights dimensions
of any transition also needed
So a ‘just transition’ is NOT the ‘greening or
decarbonising of business as usual’
“as we make the transition to clean energy, we must
remember the millions of fossil fuel workers around
the world who spent their lives extracting the fuel
that has fed our economies. They too are victims of
climate change and deserve to be treated with dignity.
Their story as part of the struggle to climate justice”
(Robinson, 2018: 113)
18. decarbonisation
Overcoming carbon ‘lock-in’
decades long timeframe of large-scale energy and associated
infrastructural, economic and cultural changes
significant political and economic actors and pressures that
are prolonging our continuing ‘carbon lock in’ (Barry et al,
2015).
overcoming carbon lock in will require major socio-technical
innovations at different scales and within different social and
economic sectors, activities and practices.
19.
20. Carbon subsidies Researchers at the IMF
estimated that global
subsidies for fossil
energy in 2014,
including the social,
health and
environmental costs
associated, are costing
the world’s
governments
approximately $5.3
trillion per year, or
6.5% of global GDP.
21. Local carbon lock in
In 2014, peat generation accounted for
only 8.8% of Ireland’s electricity
requirements, but 21.8% of carbon
emissions from power generation and
Irish energy consumers pay an annual
subsidy of roughly €115m to continue
this ‘carbon lock in’.
22. energy as a ‘socio-technical system’
Recognition of energy as a socio technical system, embedded
in a complex multi dimensional multi actor and multi-level
arena (from global to local government to households), with
dynamic properties.
“the key choices involved in energy transitions are not so much
between different fuels but between different forms of social,
economic, and political arrangements built in combination with
new energy technologies. In other words, the challenge is not
simply what fuel to use but how to organize a new energy
system around that fuel”.
(Miller, Iles and Jones, 2013: 139: emphasis added)
24. Energy system transition –
innovation & abandonment
Governance of the
abandonment of carbon
energy system: fading out,
termination, deconstruction
Governance of promotion of low
carbon energy systems: a matter
of progress & innovation
How to
compensate
individuals,
families,
businesses &
communities who
will ‘lose out’ in
the transition
Recognition of
importance of
‘win-win’ solutions
but these require
mitigating policies
and strategies i.e.
role of the state
25. “If it’s wrong to wreck
the planet, then it’s
wrong to profit from
that wreckage.”
- Bill McKibben, 350.org
Fossil fuel corporations
have 3 times more oil,
coal, and gas in known
reserves than what
climate scientists have
determined is safe to
burn. We have to keep
up to 2/3 of fossil fuels
underground.
divestment
26. divestment
Institutions and investors worth $3.4 trillion now committed to
fossil fuel divestment.
Growth of over 80x, from $50 billion in Sept 2014
EY survey: two-thirds of investors concerned about stranded asset
risk
36% of investors divested over last 12 months
Mark Carney, Governor of the Bank of England:
The carbon budget renders ‘the vast majority of reserves
“stranded” – oil, gas and coal that will be literally unburnable’
The abrupt transition to a low-carbon future is ‘a financial stability
risk’
27. “Managing emissions won’t do; the power
of the fossil fuel complex is upstream
where the rules of the game are written,
capital is amassed, technological
experiments are conducted, and wealth
is accumulated.
The end of the fossil fuel era starts with
sources of power - energetic, economic
and institutional on the one hand, and
place based, ecological, and spiritual on
the other.
For that, there is no better policy
direction than to deliberately and
gracefully leave fossil fuels in the
ground”
Princen, T., Manno, J. and Martin, P.,
2015, p. 360. (emphasis added)
28.
29. “Linking fossil fuel subsidy reform and emission pricing to
investments in public goods would thus greatly reduce
concerns that environmental quality is paid for by the
poorest segments of the population. This approach would
also be well aligned with the SDG agenda, which aims at
promoting human well-being without undermining the
integrity of the natural environment”.
Jakob and Jan Christoph Steckel (2010), p.18
Redirect public subsides from carbon to renewables, public
transportation and other public goods for example
30. democratic disruption and social
mobilisation
While largely a macro-level/high level and policy set of
proposals, the Just Transition idea does also lead to
recommendations for democratic citizenship and civil society
action
“Political action by civil society will be required to accelerate
the phased ending of the fossil fuel era. More than that, it
must end it in such a manner that the transition to a low- or
post-carbon energy future minimizes injustices of that
transition and maximizes its democratic character.
It can and should do this through reframing fossil fuels as
having now reached the point where their continued use is
destructive, biophysically and ecologically unsustainable,
perpetuates injustices, secrecy, lack of transparency and
accountability—and propagates major geopolitical tensions”.
(Healy and Barry, 2017: 456)
31. “Civil society and grassroots action we believe are and will
continue to be central,
This would also include non-violent civil disobedience against
carbon power stations and against unconventional or ‘sub-
prime’ fossil fuel extraction such as fracking.
It would also include campaigns against the ‘science fiction’-like
techno-optimism of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), or
geoengineering proposals for solar radiation management”
(Barry et al, 2015: 16; emphasis added)
32. disruption
A just energy transition also requires ‘disruptive innovations’
such as speeding up the process of decarbonisation by
divesting from carbon energy.
Here the recent historic decision by the Irish state to divest
from fossil fuels is an encouraging development, alongside
other divestment initiatives.
The Irish decision also underscores the centrality of the state
in any just energy transition, using regulation to drive socio-
technical innovations, which should be extended to the state
enabling and supporting the democratisation of low carbon
energy production, such as community-owned renewable
energy
33. ‘full spectrum innovation’
Similar to imperative to move beyond a ‘fuel focus’ in
energy transitions, we also need to move beyond a narrow
technological-cum-commercial view of innovation
A just energy transition requires social innovations not
simply in low carbon lifestyles but also
experiments in low energy living and communities,
where high quality lives, jobs and communities are based
on using less not more (carbon or low carbon) energy
… focusing on the untapped potential of energy
conservation, efficiency and reduction.
..and ‘unlock’ innovation from being narrowly viewed in
technological terms and/or commercial/business terms
34. Trade union perspective
“Expressions of energy democracy presently remain very much
on the margins of the global economy and they are a long way
from disrupting the established energy order. But this could
change—especially if unions become seriously engaged.” (TUED,
2015: 1)
But not just energy transition but also energy
efficiency/conservation …
“It is therefore important to challenge any scenario that sees
expanding energy use as inevitable. A comprehensive trade union
approach to energy transition should be as concerned about
conserving energy as it should be about generating it”. (ibid.,: 2)
And perhaps energy reduction/energy descent?
35. democratic ownership of low carbon
energy as a public good
“Unlike other countries (Germany, Canada, Denmark, the UK),
however, there has been almost no local investment,
ownership or involvement of local communities in […] wind
farm developments..” (IMPACT, 2017:16)
Just Transition is the “opportunity to give citizens a greater
stake in low-carbon development through much greater
levels of local authority and community ownership of future
solar PV, wind farm, biomass and waste-to-energy
developments” (IMPACT, 2017: 6).
“SIPTU campaigns to prevent the privatisation of Dublin Bus,
Irish Rail and Irish Water. Public goods in public ownership are
central to the concept of a just, low-carbon transition as
publicly [sic] are pivotal to low emissions as well as energy and
resource security” (SIPTU, 2017: 14; emphasis added).
36. State, energy and democracy
Mobilising the ‘patient capital’ of the state for rapid and
urgent decarbonisation?
But requires democratic moblisation, citizen
advocacy/support and broad coalition of diverse interests
“The basic principle behind a public goods approach to energy
transition is simple: the future of human civilization is at stake,
and everyone will therefore benefit from a planned, orderly,
and transparent energy transition that devolves as much power
as possible to workers, communities, and municipalities.
However, governments will have an important role. A massive
deployment of renewable energy will require high levels of
planning and coordination in order to ensure that the right mix
of renewables is developed”. (TUED, 2015: 45)
37. “The transition from fossil-fuel-dominated energy systems
to more renewable-based energy opens an opportunity for
shifting technologies as well shifting social and political
dynamics through democratic re-alignment of these
sociotechnical systems.
Energy democracy provides a set of goals and policy
instruments for resisting the dominant energy regime
while reclaiming and democratically restructuring energy
systems, sectors and institutions”.
(Burke and Stephens, 2017: 45)
38. Beyond carbon and beyond
orthodox GDP measured economic
growth?
A just energy transition may require not simply moving
beyond carbon and the creation of a green/low carbon/
regenerative economy but also beyond orthodox economic
growth, perhaps the most disruptive innovation of all
needed to transition beyond our currently sub-optimal and
ecocidal energy and development trajectory.
At the very least it opens up the opportunity or necessity for
rethinking our economic model and ideas of development
and progress in the context of climate breakdown, low
carbon energy transitions in the 21st century and avoiding
the worse impacts of climate breakdown
39. References
1.‘Catalysing and Characterising Transitions’ – 3 yr Irish EPA
project mapping the RoI low energy transition (2014-2017)
https://www.qub.ac.uk/research-
centres/TheInstituteofSpatialandEnvironmentalPlanning/Impact/CurrentResearchProjects/CCTr
ansitions/
2. Barry, J et al (2015)
https://www.academia.edu/23407456/Low_Carbon_Transitions_and_Post-
Fossil_Fuel_Energy_Transformations_as_Political_Struggles_Analysing_and_Overcoming_C
arbon_Lock_In
3. Healy, N and Barry, J (2017)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421517303683
4. Barry, J and Mercier, S (2018)
https://medium.com/@johnbarry_90904/barry-
mercier-89d92079701f
40. Role of ‘crisis’ in motivating, facilitating energy
transitions and possible ‘carbon unlocking’
“We never know
when the winds of
change will blow,
but when they do
we must always
have our sails at
the ready”
E.F. Schumacher
“the possibility exists that policy makers
may have to wait for a focusing event,
such as a recognized climate crisis,
before implementing new policy
frameworks” (Unruh, 2002: 323; emphasis
added)