The document discusses the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century, a period defined by the promotion of reason, skepticism of traditions, and advocacy for individual rights and liberties. Classicism in literature during this period was influenced by Greek and Roman works and emphasized form, restraint, and adherence to established genres. The document also provides context on Jonathan Swift and analyzes some of his writings, including "Thoughts on Various Subjects" which satirize human folly and pride.