The Puritan Age lasted from 1620-1660 in England. It was divided into the Jacobean period under King James I from 1603-1625 and the Caroline period under King Charles I from 1625-1649. Puritanism advocated strict religious discipline and simplification of the Church of England's ceremonies. Literature from this era focused on themes of sadness, gloom, and criticism as political and religious divisions split the country during this turbulent time in English history. John Milton was a prominent writer who represented the Puritan Age.
The seventeenth century upto 1660 was dominated by Puritanism and it may be called puritan Age or the Age of Milton, who was the noblest representative of the puritan spirit.
This is the first period in English literature. Anglo-Saxon England was early medieval England, existing from the 5th to the 11th century from the end of Roman Britain until the Norman conquest in 1066. It consisted of various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 927 when it was united as the Kingdom of England by King Æthelstan (r. 927–939). It became part of the North Sea Empire of Cnut the Great, a personal union between England, Denmark and Norway in the 11th century.
Geoffrey Chaucer (/ˈtʃɔːsər/; c. 1340s – 25 October 1400) was an English poet and author. Considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages,[citation needed] he is best known for The Canterbury Tales, and is considered the "Father of English literature". He was the first writer buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.[1] Chaucer also gained fame as a philosopher and astronomer, composing the scientific A Treatise on the Astrolabe for his 10-year-old son Lewis. He maintained a career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, diplomat, and member of parliament.
The 14th century is known as Chaucer’s age
It marks the beginning of a new language and literature
It was the age of transformation from medieval age to modern times
It was essentially an era of unrest and transition
Main writers of the age: Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Wycliffe, Sir John Mandeville, John Gower
Remarkable Events that Influenced Chaucer
Natural calamities
Black Death [Plague] (A.D. 1348-49)
Age of social unrest and economic troubles. -- Labor become unsatisfied with their salary. -- Efforts were made to keep the labors under control with the help of legislation.
Burdens of taxation.
Conflict between king Richard and his subjects
Features of Chaucer’s Age with Example
Standard English Language: Proper English without influence of other languages
Example: The Canterbury Tales, Chanticleer and the Fox by Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman by William Langland etc.
Realism: Concept of reality
Example: The settings of The Canterbury Tales
Church Corruption:
Example: The religious figures in The Canterbury Tales highlights many problems of church corruptions
Presence of Humor, Satire & Irony:
Example: The Canterbury Tales reveal Chaucerian Humor in the Prologue, showed Satire through the characterization & Irony to build up a satirical portrait.
Spirit of Romance:
Example: Courtly love, Romance, Marriage & Sexual Desire are found in the theme of The Canterbury Tales
Frame Story: A literary device that joins together 2 or more large stories or frame.
Example: The Canterbury Tales is a great indication of the frame work
Growth of Nationalism:
Example: In the writings of this age the influence of love for nation are found.
The seventeenth century upto 1660 was dominated by Puritanism and it may be called puritan Age or the Age of Milton, who was the noblest representative of the puritan spirit.
This is the first period in English literature. Anglo-Saxon England was early medieval England, existing from the 5th to the 11th century from the end of Roman Britain until the Norman conquest in 1066. It consisted of various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 927 when it was united as the Kingdom of England by King Æthelstan (r. 927–939). It became part of the North Sea Empire of Cnut the Great, a personal union between England, Denmark and Norway in the 11th century.
Geoffrey Chaucer (/ˈtʃɔːsər/; c. 1340s – 25 October 1400) was an English poet and author. Considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages,[citation needed] he is best known for The Canterbury Tales, and is considered the "Father of English literature". He was the first writer buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.[1] Chaucer also gained fame as a philosopher and astronomer, composing the scientific A Treatise on the Astrolabe for his 10-year-old son Lewis. He maintained a career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, diplomat, and member of parliament.
The 14th century is known as Chaucer’s age
It marks the beginning of a new language and literature
It was the age of transformation from medieval age to modern times
It was essentially an era of unrest and transition
Main writers of the age: Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Wycliffe, Sir John Mandeville, John Gower
Remarkable Events that Influenced Chaucer
Natural calamities
Black Death [Plague] (A.D. 1348-49)
Age of social unrest and economic troubles. -- Labor become unsatisfied with their salary. -- Efforts were made to keep the labors under control with the help of legislation.
Burdens of taxation.
Conflict between king Richard and his subjects
Features of Chaucer’s Age with Example
Standard English Language: Proper English without influence of other languages
Example: The Canterbury Tales, Chanticleer and the Fox by Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman by William Langland etc.
Realism: Concept of reality
Example: The settings of The Canterbury Tales
Church Corruption:
Example: The religious figures in The Canterbury Tales highlights many problems of church corruptions
Presence of Humor, Satire & Irony:
Example: The Canterbury Tales reveal Chaucerian Humor in the Prologue, showed Satire through the characterization & Irony to build up a satirical portrait.
Spirit of Romance:
Example: Courtly love, Romance, Marriage & Sexual Desire are found in the theme of The Canterbury Tales
Frame Story: A literary device that joins together 2 or more large stories or frame.
Example: The Canterbury Tales is a great indication of the frame work
Growth of Nationalism:
Example: In the writings of this age the influence of love for nation are found.
Anglo-Norman literature is literature composed in the Anglo-Norman language developed during the period 1066–1204.
The Norman language came over to England with William the Conqueror. Following the Norman conquest, the Norman language became the language of England's nobility.
Anglo-Norman literature is literature composed in the Anglo-Norman language developed during the period 1066–1204.
The Norman language came over to England with William the Conqueror. Following the Norman conquest, the Norman language became the language of England's nobility.
From Thomas Hobbes we have the first political philosophy in the English language. Called "Father of Atheists," he was the first person to "scientifically" argue for human equality!
1 Wilkes University Passan School of Nursing GradAbbyWhyte974
1
Wilkes University
Passan School of Nursing
Graduate Program
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convey topic. Does
not delineate
subtopics to be
discussed in the
body of text in the
assignment.
5
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to be discussed in the
body of text in the
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10
Clearly conveys topic
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15
Strongly conveys topic
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14
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20
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8
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14
Clear scholarly, peer-
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appropriate.
20
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topic; supporting
materials are
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Conclusion 0
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insightful discussion
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5
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insightful discussion of
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10
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2
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errors detracting
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7
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and punctuation errors.
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Writing mechanics
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awkward or unclear
passages and
informal tone not
consistent with
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3
Writing mechanics
include awkward or
unclear pas ...
1
Wilkes University
Passan School of Nursing
Graduate Program
Grading Rubric for Written Assignments
Category Unacceptable Acceptable
Good Excellent
Introduction
0
Does not adequately
convey topic. Does
not delineate
subtopics to be
discussed in the
body of text in the
assignment.
5
Briefly conveys topic
and delineates subtopics
to be discussed in the
body of text in the
assignment.
10
Clearly conveys topic
and delineates subtopics
to be discussed in the
body of text in the
assignment.
15
Strongly conveys topic
and delineates
subtopics to be
discussed in the body
of text in the
assignment.
Focus and
Sequencing
0
Content is not
related to topic and
logically organized
into subtopics; many
transitions are
unclear or
nonexistent.
8
Content related to topic;
material present within
subtopics; and some
transitions linking
subtopics and main
topic.
14
Content clearly related
to topic; logically
organized within
subtopics; and clear
transitions linking
subtopics and main
topic.
20
Content strongly
related to topic; strong
organization and
integration of content
within subtopics; and
strong transitions
linking subtopics and
main topic.
Support
0
No scholarly, peer-
reviewed support of
topic; supporting
materials are not
published within 5-7
years, as
appropriate.
8
Limited scholarly, peer-
reviewed support of
topic; most supporting
materials are published
within 5-7 years, as
appropriate.
14
Clear scholarly, peer-
reviewed support of
topic; supporting
materials are published
within 5-7 years, as
appropriate.
20
Strong scholarly, peer-
reviewed support of
topic; supporting
materials are
published within 5-7
years, as appropriate.
Conclusion 0
No summarization,
synthesis, or
insightful discussion
of topic conclusions.
New information is
introduced into the
conclusion.
5
Summarization with
some synthesis and
insightful discussion of
topic conclusions. Some
new information is
introduced into the
conclusion.
10
Clear summarization
with synthesis and
insightful discussion of
topic conclusions. No
new information is
introduced into the
conclusion.
15
Strong summarization
with synthesis and
insightful discussion
of topic conclusions.
No new information is
introduced into the
conclusion.
2
Grammar, Spelling
and Punctuation
0
Substantial
grammar, spelling,
and punctuation
errors detracting
from the
assignment.
3
Occasional spelling,
grammar, and
punctuation errors
detracting from the
assignment.
7
Minimal grammar,
spelling, and
punctuation errors not
detracting from the
assignment.
10
No grammar, spelling,
and punctuation errors.
Writing Mechanics 0
Writing mechanics
include many
awkward or unclear
passages and
informal tone not
consistent with
formal scholarly
work.
3
Writing mechanics
include awkward or
unclear pas ...
1. THE PURITAN AGE (1620 – 1660)
The Literature of the Seventeenth
Century may be divided into two
periods—The Puritan Age or the Age of
Milton (1600-1660), which is further
divided into the Jacobean and Caroline
periods after the names of the ruler
James I and Charles I, who ruled from
1603 to 1625 and 1625 to 1649
respectively; and the Restoration Period
or the Age of Dryden (1660-1700).
2. Puritan age is marked by the decline
of Renaissance age the age of revival of
knowledge.
Puritan age is further divided into
two classes;
The Jacobean period in which James. I
was the ruler
Caroline period in which Charles. I was
the ruler
3. MEANING OF PURITANISM
1) A member of a group of English Protestants who in
the 16th and 17thcenturies advocated strict religious
discipline along with simplification of the ceremonies
and creeds of the Church of England.
2) Puritan One who lives in accordance with Protestant
precepts, especially one who regards pleasure or
luxury as sinful.
3) Puritanism was the doctrine or School of English
Protestants of the 16th & 7thcenturies whose aim was
the purification of the religious practice.
4. The salient features of Puritan Age.
1. The writers of Puritan age followed the paths
of the great Renaissance writers.
2. The spirit of science popularized by great
men like Newton, Bacon and Descartes.
3. In literature the spirit infuses itself in the
form of criticism, which was truly the
creation of Puritan age.
5. 4. In literature the spirit infuses itself in the form
of criticism, which was truly the creation of
Puritan age. In this period people took stock of
what had been acquired.
5. People classified, analyzed, and systematized
many things which were having no importance
before that. English language was started
being used as the medium for instruction and
for storing the data and for conveying facts.
6. 6. Art of Biography popularized which was
unknown in previous ages.
7. Satire and Irony got fame in Puritan age,
individually as well as on collective basis.
8. Readers had become criticizers and asked for
the facts and figures, so that they may judge and
can take sides in the controversial matters.
9. John Milton was the best representative of
Puritan age.Puritanism is considered as the
second greatest renaissance.
7. 10. Rebirth of the moral nature of man which
followed intellectual awakening of Europe in
15th and 16th century.
11. Despotism was the order of the day.
12. Puritan movement stood for the liberty of people
of Europe.
13. There was an introduction of morality and high
ideals in politics.
14. Puritan age had two perspectives; personal
righteousness and civil and religious liberty.
8. 15. It aimed at making people free and honest. In
puritan age John Milton and Thomas Cromwell
fought for the religious liberties of people.
16. With the passage of time Puritanism became the
movement against the King which stood for the
freedom of the society.
17. Puritans was the name given to the people who
advocated certain changes in the form of the
worship of the reformed English church under
queen Elizabeth.
9. The Puritans and Queen Elizabeth:-
The Elizabethan Church Settlement
had been a cautious compromise in
which Calvinist & Catholic elements
were blended.
10. (1) The Queen had been made the Supreme
Governor of the Church.
(2) An Act of Uniformity had been passed.
(3) A Common Prayer Book introduced.
(4) Thirty Nine Articles were drawn up which all
clergy had to accept.
(5) The Thirty Nine Articles were so framed as to
enable members of the Church of England to
believe in either predestination (a doctrine of
John Calvin) or free will (a Catholic doctrine)
as they thought fit.
11. (6) In spite of this Elizabethan Settlement, the
Calvinistic system (a form of Puritanism) had
penetrated more or less with completeness into the
minds of the great majority of English
Protestants.
(7) At the beginning of the 17th century there was no
such thing as a ‘Puritan Party’. There were
Presbyterians (a member of a branch of the
Christian Protestant Church that is the national
church of Scotland) or Disciplinarians who had felt
the influence of Calvin of Geneva.
12. (8) Thomas Cart right, the Presbyterian leader
discovered that the Anglican Church did not at
all accord with the principles of the primitative
Christian Church & urged that Bishops should
be deprived of their disciplinary powers and
stick to reaching. He was dismissed from
service and he went to Geneva.
(9) Another leader Thomas Browne, the Father of
Independents, maintained that the civil
magistrates should have no powers at all in
religious matters that the ministry should
rely on freewill offerings and in each parish
the priest must be chosen by his own
parishishioners.
13. (10) Two other Puritan thinkers, Greenwood and
Barrow, advocated independent and self –
governing churches.
(11) Another rising Puritan sect was that of the
Baptists or Anabaptists.
(12) All these Puritan sects were gaining
ground and threatened the whole Elizabethan
Church settlement.
(13) Elizabeth took strict view of this. In 1583, she
appointed John Whit gift, the Archbishop of
Canterbury, to check the spread of hateful
doctrines by a strict censorship of the press.
14. Chief Literary Characteristics of Puritan Age.
(1) In Literature also the Puritan Age was one
of confusion, due to the breaking up of old
ideals.
(2) Mediaeval standards of chivalry, the
impossible loves and romances of which
Spenser furnished types, perished no
less surly than the ideal of a national
church.
15. (3) In the absence of any fixed standard of literary
criticism there was nothing to prevent the
exaggeration of the ―Metaphysical’ poets.
(4) Poetry took new and startling forms in Donne
and Herbert, and prose became as somber
(serious) as Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy.
(5) The spiritual gloom which sooner or later
fastens (fix firmly) upon all the writers of this
age, and which is unfairly attributed to Puritan
influence is due to the breaking up of accepted
standards in government and religion.
16. Three Main Characteristics.
(1)
Elizabethan literature, with all its
diversity, had a marked unity in
spirit, resulting from the patriotism of all
classes and their devotion to a queen
who, with all her faults, sought first the
nation’s welfare. Under the Stuarts all this was
changed. The kings were the open enemies of
the people; the country was divided by the
struggle for political and religious liberty; and
the literature was as divided in spirit as were
the struggling parties.
17. (2)
Elizabethan literature is generally
inspiring; it throbs with youth, hope and
vitality.
While Puritan age speaks about
sadness, gloom and pessimism
18. Development of Poetry.
During the age of Milton, the Metaphysical Poetry
which had been started by Donne in the later part of
the age of Shakespeare, began to blossom. It was in
full swing during this age and the writers who
carried forward the tradition of John Donne were
Crashaw, George Herbert, Vaughan, and Marvell.
They were the Metaphysical poets who produced a
kind of poetry in which conceit and learning were
blended. They are usually lyrical in nature. Their
work shows surprising blend of passion and thought.
These poems are full of learned imagery and striking
conceits. At their best metaphysical poems revealed
great psychological insight and subtlety of thought
development.
19. There were also secular poets who are called the
Cavalier poets. Whereas the metaphysical poets
took delight in mysticism and religious
thought, the Cavalier poets dealt with the subject of
love. The Cavalier poets – Herrick, Carew, Lovelace
and Suckling.