Characteristics of neo classical age
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Neoclassical literature emerged during a period of social change known as the Enlightenment. It was characterized by order, structure, and a focus on human nature and the supremacy of reason. Writers imitated the styles of ancient Greek and Roman classics and believed that natural passions should be controlled by social needs and rational thought. The Age of Reason emphasized using reason and judgment to guide human activities and believed that science and rationality could improve mankind. Neoclassical works narrowed their scope to examine human politics, morals, and manners through genres like satire, essays, and the developing novel form.
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Neoclassicism poetry
Neoclassicism refers to a period in the late 17th and 18th centuries that drew inspiration from the intellectual and structural ideals of classical antiquity. It had three stages: the Restoration period, the Augustan age, and the age of Johnson. Famous poets of this era included John Milton, John Dryden, Alexander Pope, and Samuel Johnson. Neoclassical poetry was characterized by rationalism, scholarly allusions, didacticism, realism, and adherence to classical rules rather than passion or emotion. It often employed heroic couplets and poetic diction.
Neo classical age
The document discusses the Neo-Classical period of British literature from 1680-1750. It was called the Neo-Classical age as writers tried to imitate the style of Greek and Roman classics, reviving classical ideals of form and reason. Literature was considered primarily as a means of education and was didactic and moral. Reason was emphasized over emotion. Prose, novels, essays and poetry like odes and heroic couplets became popular. Comedy and tragedy were the dominant drama genres. In general, Neo-Classical literature was characterized by order, structure, restraint and common sense rather than spontaneity or spiritual ideas.
Romantic Age Characteristics.
Brief introduction of the Romantic Age and its characteristics.
Includes:
2 slide introduction
Influential People of the Romantic Age
In dept Characteristics
Concluding Characteristics
End
William wordsworth as a critic
This document summarizes the major periods of English literature and provides details on William Wordsworth and the emergence of Romanticism. It outlines the periods from the Medieval era to modernism. Romanticism emerged in response to Neo-Classicism, with Wordsworth playing a key role. As a major Romantic poet, Wordsworth published works like The Prelude and served as Poet Laureate. He also wrote influential literary criticism in works like prefaces, arguing poetry should use common language to transmit ordinary experiences transformed by imagination.
The restoration age
The Restoration period in England from 1660-1700 saw the restoration of the monarchy and influence from French styles of writing. John Dryden emerged as the dominant writer of the period. Literature reflected the moral laxity of society through forms like satire, fables, and comedies of manners that focused on city life and fashion. Prose also developed into a clearer modern style during this time of rational inquiry led by writers like Dryden and Bunyan.
The augustan age
This document provides an overview of 18th century English literature and writers. It summarizes the historical and literary background of the time period from 1700-1790, known as the Augustan era after the Roman emperor Augustus. Some of the major writers during this time included Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, John Gay, Samuel Johnson, and Oliver Goldsmith. The document then outlines the works and contributions of numerous poets, playwrights, novelists, and essayists from the 18th century.
The concept of imagination in biographia literaria
Coleridge's Biographia Literaria discusses his concepts of imagination and fancy. He divides the mind into two faculties: primary imagination, which is a creative power that mimics the divine principle of creation; and secondary imagination, which relies on the will to recreate primary imagination. Coleridge coined the term "esemplastic" to describe imagination's ability to shape multiple ideas into a unified whole. In contrast, fancy is a mechanical, passive faculty that accumulates facts but cannot create anything new. Coleridge viewed imagination as the primary creative force in writing.
T S ELIOT AS A CRITIC
This document provides an overview of T.S. Eliot's important literary works and critical writings. It discusses his poems such as The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and The Wasteland. Eliot's critical essays examined the nature of criticism and analyzed authors like the Metaphysical poets. The document also examines Eliot's theories of tradition, impersonality, and the objective correlative. It analyzes how Eliot defended the Metaphysical poets and influenced the development of literary criticism.
Recommended
Neoclassicism poetry
Neoclassicism refers to a period in the late 17th and 18th centuries that drew inspiration from the intellectual and structural ideals of classical antiquity. It had three stages: the Restoration period, the Augustan age, and the age of Johnson. Famous poets of this era included John Milton, John Dryden, Alexander Pope, and Samuel Johnson. Neoclassical poetry was characterized by rationalism, scholarly allusions, didacticism, realism, and adherence to classical rules rather than passion or emotion. It often employed heroic couplets and poetic diction.
Neo classical age
The document discusses the Neo-Classical period of British literature from 1680-1750. It was called the Neo-Classical age as writers tried to imitate the style of Greek and Roman classics, reviving classical ideals of form and reason. Literature was considered primarily as a means of education and was didactic and moral. Reason was emphasized over emotion. Prose, novels, essays and poetry like odes and heroic couplets became popular. Comedy and tragedy were the dominant drama genres. In general, Neo-Classical literature was characterized by order, structure, restraint and common sense rather than spontaneity or spiritual ideas.
Romantic Age Characteristics.
Brief introduction of the Romantic Age and its characteristics.
Includes:
2 slide introduction
Influential People of the Romantic Age
In dept Characteristics
Concluding Characteristics
End
William wordsworth as a critic
This document summarizes the major periods of English literature and provides details on William Wordsworth and the emergence of Romanticism. It outlines the periods from the Medieval era to modernism. Romanticism emerged in response to Neo-Classicism, with Wordsworth playing a key role. As a major Romantic poet, Wordsworth published works like The Prelude and served as Poet Laureate. He also wrote influential literary criticism in works like prefaces, arguing poetry should use common language to transmit ordinary experiences transformed by imagination.
The restoration age
The Restoration period in England from 1660-1700 saw the restoration of the monarchy and influence from French styles of writing. John Dryden emerged as the dominant writer of the period. Literature reflected the moral laxity of society through forms like satire, fables, and comedies of manners that focused on city life and fashion. Prose also developed into a clearer modern style during this time of rational inquiry led by writers like Dryden and Bunyan.
The augustan age
This document provides an overview of 18th century English literature and writers. It summarizes the historical and literary background of the time period from 1700-1790, known as the Augustan era after the Roman emperor Augustus. Some of the major writers during this time included Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, John Gay, Samuel Johnson, and Oliver Goldsmith. The document then outlines the works and contributions of numerous poets, playwrights, novelists, and essayists from the 18th century.
The concept of imagination in biographia literaria
Coleridge's Biographia Literaria discusses his concepts of imagination and fancy. He divides the mind into two faculties: primary imagination, which is a creative power that mimics the divine principle of creation; and secondary imagination, which relies on the will to recreate primary imagination. Coleridge coined the term "esemplastic" to describe imagination's ability to shape multiple ideas into a unified whole. In contrast, fancy is a mechanical, passive faculty that accumulates facts but cannot create anything new. Coleridge viewed imagination as the primary creative force in writing.
T S ELIOT AS A CRITIC
This document provides an overview of T.S. Eliot's important literary works and critical writings. It discusses his poems such as The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and The Wasteland. Eliot's critical essays examined the nature of criticism and analyzed authors like the Metaphysical poets. The document also examines Eliot's theories of tradition, impersonality, and the objective correlative. It analyzes how Eliot defended the Metaphysical poets and influenced the development of literary criticism.
An Overview of Neo-classical Age
The document presents an overview of the Neo-classical period in literature by Chandani Pandya of MKBU. It defines the Neo-classical age as occurring in the 18th century and being characterized by order, accuracy, structure and a focus on human nature and reason. The Neo-classical period is divided into three stages: the Restoration period from 1660-1700, the Augustan period from 1700-1750, and the Age of Johnson from 1750-1790, which marked the transition to Romanticism. Popular genres during this time included letters, satire, essays, melodrama and fables.
methew arnold
Matthew Arnold believed that for a poem to be of high quality, it must possess both "higher truth" and "higher seriousness." He did not fully define "high seriousness" but suggested it referred to an extreme level of seriousness in applying ideas to life. Arnold viewed poetry as having a high, moral purpose of interpreting life, and he judged poets based on whether their works achieved this high standard of truth and seriousness. While he praised poets like Milton, Shakespeare, and Homer as "classics," he believed Geoffrey Chaucer lacked the necessary high seriousness to be considered on their level, though he still recognized Chaucer's enduring popularity and power.
Stages of neo classical age
The document summarizes the three stages of the Neoclassical Age in English literature: 1) The Restoration Age from 1660-1700 was characterized by the return of theater and urban culture to London after Puritan rule. John Dryden was a major poet and playwright of this period. 2) The Augustan Age from 1700-1750 drew parallels to ancient Rome and emphasized reason and order. Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift were leading satirists. 3) The Age of Sensibility from 1750-1798 saw a turn toward emotion, folk traditions, and the rise of the novel with authors like Samuel Johnson and Oliver Goldsmith.
Metaphysical Poet John Donne
John Donne was a leader of the Metaphysical poetry movement in 17th century England. This movement revolted against the outdated conventions of Elizabethan poetry, which had become artificial and lacked intellectual substance. As a Metaphysical poet, Donne wrote poems that were remarkable for their passionate intensity, intellectual complexity, and dramatic qualities. He drew on his own spiritual and romantic experiences. The Metaphysical poets, including Donne, Richard Crashaw, George Herbert, and Henry Vaughan, were known for their use of ingenious and unconventional conceits, arguments, and wit in their poetry.
Joseph Andrews
The document provides background information on Henry Fielding's novel "Joseph Andrews". Published in 1742, it was one of the first novels written in English and tells the story of the adventures of the title character Joseph Andrews and his friend Parson Adams. The novel brought together two different literary aesthetics that were popular during the 18th century Augustan period: the mock heroic style of authors like Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift, and the domestic prose fiction of writers such as Daniel Defoe and Samuel Richardson. The story embodied the principles of reason and empiricism that defined the Augustan Age. While some critics praised Fielding's realistic depictions of human nature, others disliked his satirical parody of Samuel Richardson's novel Pamela
4. touchstone method
1. Matthew Arnold introduced the touchstone method of literary criticism to evaluate poetry. He proposed using passages from known classics as "touchstones" to test the quality of contemporary works.
2. According to Arnold's method, a work is considered a true classic if it moves the reader in the same way as passages from great masters like Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton.
3. The touchstone method provides an objective standard for evaluation that avoids the subjectivity of personal taste or overemphasis on a work's historical importance rather than poetic merit.
Culture and anarchy
Culture and anarchy is a notorious philosophical work written by the celebrated Victorian poet and critic Mathew Arnold. This essay was first published in ‘Cornhill Magazine’ during 1867-’68. Its full name is “Culture and Anarchy: An Essay in Political and Social Criticism”.
John Dryden as a critic
John Dryden was an influential English poet, playwright and critic in the 17th century. As a critic, he wrote An Essay of Dramatic Poesy in 1668 to discuss issues in English drama. In the essay, Dryden argues through a dialogue between four characters with different positions on topics like the ancients vs moderns, the unities, French vs English drama, and the appropriateness of rhyme in plays. Though he favors modern English plays, Dryden does not disparage the ancients. He also favors English drama over French drama and compares Shakespeare favorably to Jonson.
Romanticism in English Literature
The document discusses the key Romantic poets William Wordsworth and Percy Bysshe Shelley. Both poets found inspiration in nature, though Shelley portrayed nature's both positive and destructive powers. Wordsworth saw nature as healing and advancing human spirituality. Shelley was an atheist and idealist who criticized political and religious institutions, while Wordsworth was more theistic and focused on nature. They differed in their views of religion, optimism/pessimism, and attitudes toward social structures, but both emphasized imagination and the power of the human mind.
Christopher Marlowe's Contribution to English Drama
Christopher Marlowe made significant contributions to English drama in the late 16th century. He introduced higher level heroic subjects, brought characters to life with realistic qualities, refined the use of blank verse, and brought more unity to plays. Marlowe's works are characterized by their pictorial quality in vividly depicting scenes, ecstatic expressions of passion, and a vitalizing energy that animated his stories and characters. Overall, Marlowe advanced drama as an art form and influenced later playwrights like Shakespeare.
Mathew Arnold Study of Poetry
Matthew Arnold was a 19th century English poet and critic. In his famous work "The Study of Poetry", Arnold argues that poetry has a higher purpose to interpret life, provide consolation, and sustain humanity as science and philosophy prove unstable. He believes poetry will increasingly be turned to for its spiritual and intellectual benefits. Arnold advocates for a high standard and strict judgment of poetry, assessing it based on the seriousness of its subject matter and excellence of style. He promotes looking to classical poets like Homer and Milton as the best models of poetry's "grand style".
Modernism And the trends of Modern Poetry.
This document provides an overview of the history and key developments in modern poetry. It discusses how modern poetry emerged from a break with traditional forms and conventions at the end of the 19th century. Modern poetry is characterized by experimentation with form and language, themes of anxiety and disillusionment reflecting the modern age, and a rejection of traditional poetic structures like meter and rhyme in favor of freer forms. The document outlines trends in modern poetry like an increased focus on realism, themes of war and social issues, as well as movements like Imagism that further transformed poetic diction and style.
The Age of Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer (/ˈtʃɔːsər/; c. 1340s – 25 October 1400) was an English poet and author. Considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages,[citation needed] he is best known for The Canterbury Tales, and is considered the "Father of English literature". He was the first writer buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.[1] Chaucer also gained fame as a philosopher and astronomer, composing the scientific A Treatise on the Astrolabe for his 10-year-old son Lewis. He maintained a career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, diplomat, and member of parliament.
The 14th century is known as Chaucer’s age
It marks the beginning of a new language and literature
It was the age of transformation from medieval age to modern times
It was essentially an era of unrest and transition
Main writers of the age: Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Wycliffe, Sir John Mandeville, John Gower
Remarkable Events that Influenced Chaucer
Natural calamities
Black Death [Plague] (A.D. 1348-49)
Age of social unrest and economic troubles. -- Labor become unsatisfied with their salary. -- Efforts were made to keep the labors under control with the help of legislation.
Burdens of taxation.
Conflict between king Richard and his subjects
Features of Chaucer’s Age with Example
Standard English Language: Proper English without influence of other languages
Example: The Canterbury Tales, Chanticleer and the Fox by Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman by William Langland etc.
Realism: Concept of reality
Example: The settings of The Canterbury Tales
Church Corruption:
Example: The religious figures in The Canterbury Tales highlights many problems of church corruptions
Presence of Humor, Satire & Irony:
Example: The Canterbury Tales reveal Chaucerian Humor in the Prologue, showed Satire through the characterization & Irony to build up a satirical portrait.
Spirit of Romance:
Example: Courtly love, Romance, Marriage & Sexual Desire are found in the theme of The Canterbury Tales
Frame Story: A literary device that joins together 2 or more large stories or frame.
Example: The Canterbury Tales is a great indication of the frame work
Growth of Nationalism:
Example: In the writings of this age the influence of love for nation are found.
Theory of Poetic Diction by Wordsworth.pptx
Wordsworth proposed a new theory of poetic diction that rejected the ornate language used in 18th century poetry. He argued that the language of poetry should be simple, ordinary language drawn from common people and their interactions with nature. While this theory made poetry more accessible, it was criticized because purifying rustic language removes what makes it rustic, and the difference between poetic and prosaic language is still important. However, Wordsworth's theory was still significant as it moved poetry toward simpler, more common language.
Romantic age
The document provides historical context on the Romantic Age in Britain. It describes how the Industrial Revolution led to the rapid growth of dirty, overcrowded industrial towns with poor living conditions for workers. British society was divided into landowners/aristocracy, businessmen/industrialists, and the working masses. Several political reforms in the early 1800s aimed to improve conditions for workers and the masses. The document also gives an overview of English Romanticism in literature and some of the major Romantic poets of the period.
W. B. Yeats, "The Second Coming"
1) The poem depicts a world that is falling into disorder and chaos. Images of a falcon flying away from its handler and a "blood-dimmed tide" drowning innocence are used to represent this breakdown of traditional structures.
2) The narrator has a vision of a mysterious beast, with the body of a lion and head of a man, that seems to herald some kind of ominous change rather than the Christian vision of the Second Coming.
3) The poem presents a darker and more pessimistic view of the future as the speaker questions what kind of "rough beast" is heading to Bethlehem to be born, suggesting the end of the old world order and the birth of some unknown threat
Mathew arnold
Matthew Arnold was a 19th century British poet and cultural critic. He worked as a school inspector after marrying in 1851. Arnold published several volumes of poetry and was appointed Professor of Poetry at Oxford University in 1857. He is considered one of the major Victorian poets along with Tennyson and Browning. Arnold used his poetry to philosophize about finding meaning and happiness in life. He also wrote extensively about education and culture.
The critic as artist
The document discusses Oscar Wilde's views on art, criticism, and aesthetics as expressed in his essay "The Critic as Artist". It summarizes some of Wilde's key points:
1. Wilde argues that criticism is a higher art form than artistic creation and that critics are themselves artists who chronicle their own impressions of works of art.
2. He believes the critic occupies the same relationship to the work they are criticizing as an artist does to the visible or conceptual world that inspires them.
3. For Wilde, the highest art is criticism because it involves creating a work within another work, free of the constraints of realistic representation.
Lyrical ballad
Hello everyone! This presentation is on lyrical Ballads combine work of Wordsworth and Coleridge. in this presentation I have not discussed any poem I have just given overview of the lyrical Ballads.
The Romantic age in English Literature
The Romantic Age in English literature began in 1798 with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge. This work introduced a new form of poetry that focused on everyday life and common language, in opposition to the formal style of the Classical school. Wordsworth's Preface outlined his theory that poetry should reflect spontaneous emotions and use ordinary language. The Romantic poets, including Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats, embraced themes of nature, imagination, and individual liberty and helped establish poetry as the dominant genre of this period.
Slide T H E A G E O F C L A S S I C I S M (1700 1784)
The document discusses the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century, a period defined by the promotion of reason, skepticism of traditions, and advocacy for individual rights and liberties. Classicism in literature during this period was influenced by Greek and Roman works and emphasized form, restraint, and adherence to established genres. The document also provides context on Jonathan Swift and analyzes some of his writings, including "Thoughts on Various Subjects" which satirize human folly and pride.
characteristics of the neoclassical literature
Name :- stuti gosai
Roll no:-18
MA.seam :-1
Batch:- 2020-2022
Email ID:- stutigosai104@gmail.com
Topic:- characteristics of the neoclassical literature
The document discusses the key characteristics of neoclassical literature between the periods of 1660-1798 in England. Neoclassical literature emulated the styles of Greek and Roman classics, emphasizing reason, order, accuracy and structure. It focused on conservatism, restraint and upholding social hierarchies over individualism. Major figures included John Dryden, Alexander Pope and Samuel Johnson who wrote in genres like poetry, essays and plays adhering to neoclassical ideals of imitation
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An Overview of Neo-classical Age
The document presents an overview of the Neo-classical period in literature by Chandani Pandya of MKBU. It defines the Neo-classical age as occurring in the 18th century and being characterized by order, accuracy, structure and a focus on human nature and reason. The Neo-classical period is divided into three stages: the Restoration period from 1660-1700, the Augustan period from 1700-1750, and the Age of Johnson from 1750-1790, which marked the transition to Romanticism. Popular genres during this time included letters, satire, essays, melodrama and fables.
methew arnold
Matthew Arnold believed that for a poem to be of high quality, it must possess both "higher truth" and "higher seriousness." He did not fully define "high seriousness" but suggested it referred to an extreme level of seriousness in applying ideas to life. Arnold viewed poetry as having a high, moral purpose of interpreting life, and he judged poets based on whether their works achieved this high standard of truth and seriousness. While he praised poets like Milton, Shakespeare, and Homer as "classics," he believed Geoffrey Chaucer lacked the necessary high seriousness to be considered on their level, though he still recognized Chaucer's enduring popularity and power.
Stages of neo classical age
The document summarizes the three stages of the Neoclassical Age in English literature: 1) The Restoration Age from 1660-1700 was characterized by the return of theater and urban culture to London after Puritan rule. John Dryden was a major poet and playwright of this period. 2) The Augustan Age from 1700-1750 drew parallels to ancient Rome and emphasized reason and order. Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift were leading satirists. 3) The Age of Sensibility from 1750-1798 saw a turn toward emotion, folk traditions, and the rise of the novel with authors like Samuel Johnson and Oliver Goldsmith.
Metaphysical Poet John Donne
John Donne was a leader of the Metaphysical poetry movement in 17th century England. This movement revolted against the outdated conventions of Elizabethan poetry, which had become artificial and lacked intellectual substance. As a Metaphysical poet, Donne wrote poems that were remarkable for their passionate intensity, intellectual complexity, and dramatic qualities. He drew on his own spiritual and romantic experiences. The Metaphysical poets, including Donne, Richard Crashaw, George Herbert, and Henry Vaughan, were known for their use of ingenious and unconventional conceits, arguments, and wit in their poetry.
Joseph Andrews
The document provides background information on Henry Fielding's novel "Joseph Andrews". Published in 1742, it was one of the first novels written in English and tells the story of the adventures of the title character Joseph Andrews and his friend Parson Adams. The novel brought together two different literary aesthetics that were popular during the 18th century Augustan period: the mock heroic style of authors like Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift, and the domestic prose fiction of writers such as Daniel Defoe and Samuel Richardson. The story embodied the principles of reason and empiricism that defined the Augustan Age. While some critics praised Fielding's realistic depictions of human nature, others disliked his satirical parody of Samuel Richardson's novel Pamela
4. touchstone method
1. Matthew Arnold introduced the touchstone method of literary criticism to evaluate poetry. He proposed using passages from known classics as "touchstones" to test the quality of contemporary works.
2. According to Arnold's method, a work is considered a true classic if it moves the reader in the same way as passages from great masters like Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton.
3. The touchstone method provides an objective standard for evaluation that avoids the subjectivity of personal taste or overemphasis on a work's historical importance rather than poetic merit.
Culture and anarchy
Culture and anarchy is a notorious philosophical work written by the celebrated Victorian poet and critic Mathew Arnold. This essay was first published in ‘Cornhill Magazine’ during 1867-’68. Its full name is “Culture and Anarchy: An Essay in Political and Social Criticism”.
John Dryden as a critic
John Dryden was an influential English poet, playwright and critic in the 17th century. As a critic, he wrote An Essay of Dramatic Poesy in 1668 to discuss issues in English drama. In the essay, Dryden argues through a dialogue between four characters with different positions on topics like the ancients vs moderns, the unities, French vs English drama, and the appropriateness of rhyme in plays. Though he favors modern English plays, Dryden does not disparage the ancients. He also favors English drama over French drama and compares Shakespeare favorably to Jonson.
Romanticism in English Literature
The document discusses the key Romantic poets William Wordsworth and Percy Bysshe Shelley. Both poets found inspiration in nature, though Shelley portrayed nature's both positive and destructive powers. Wordsworth saw nature as healing and advancing human spirituality. Shelley was an atheist and idealist who criticized political and religious institutions, while Wordsworth was more theistic and focused on nature. They differed in their views of religion, optimism/pessimism, and attitudes toward social structures, but both emphasized imagination and the power of the human mind.
Christopher Marlowe's Contribution to English Drama
Christopher Marlowe made significant contributions to English drama in the late 16th century. He introduced higher level heroic subjects, brought characters to life with realistic qualities, refined the use of blank verse, and brought more unity to plays. Marlowe's works are characterized by their pictorial quality in vividly depicting scenes, ecstatic expressions of passion, and a vitalizing energy that animated his stories and characters. Overall, Marlowe advanced drama as an art form and influenced later playwrights like Shakespeare.
Mathew Arnold Study of Poetry
Matthew Arnold was a 19th century English poet and critic. In his famous work "The Study of Poetry", Arnold argues that poetry has a higher purpose to interpret life, provide consolation, and sustain humanity as science and philosophy prove unstable. He believes poetry will increasingly be turned to for its spiritual and intellectual benefits. Arnold advocates for a high standard and strict judgment of poetry, assessing it based on the seriousness of its subject matter and excellence of style. He promotes looking to classical poets like Homer and Milton as the best models of poetry's "grand style".
Modernism And the trends of Modern Poetry.
This document provides an overview of the history and key developments in modern poetry. It discusses how modern poetry emerged from a break with traditional forms and conventions at the end of the 19th century. Modern poetry is characterized by experimentation with form and language, themes of anxiety and disillusionment reflecting the modern age, and a rejection of traditional poetic structures like meter and rhyme in favor of freer forms. The document outlines trends in modern poetry like an increased focus on realism, themes of war and social issues, as well as movements like Imagism that further transformed poetic diction and style.
The Age of Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer (/ˈtʃɔːsər/; c. 1340s – 25 October 1400) was an English poet and author. Considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages,[citation needed] he is best known for The Canterbury Tales, and is considered the "Father of English literature". He was the first writer buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.[1] Chaucer also gained fame as a philosopher and astronomer, composing the scientific A Treatise on the Astrolabe for his 10-year-old son Lewis. He maintained a career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, diplomat, and member of parliament.
The 14th century is known as Chaucer’s age
It marks the beginning of a new language and literature
It was the age of transformation from medieval age to modern times
It was essentially an era of unrest and transition
Main writers of the age: Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Wycliffe, Sir John Mandeville, John Gower
Remarkable Events that Influenced Chaucer
Natural calamities
Black Death [Plague] (A.D. 1348-49)
Age of social unrest and economic troubles. -- Labor become unsatisfied with their salary. -- Efforts were made to keep the labors under control with the help of legislation.
Burdens of taxation.
Conflict between king Richard and his subjects
Features of Chaucer’s Age with Example
Standard English Language: Proper English without influence of other languages
Example: The Canterbury Tales, Chanticleer and the Fox by Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman by William Langland etc.
Realism: Concept of reality
Example: The settings of The Canterbury Tales
Church Corruption:
Example: The religious figures in The Canterbury Tales highlights many problems of church corruptions
Presence of Humor, Satire & Irony:
Example: The Canterbury Tales reveal Chaucerian Humor in the Prologue, showed Satire through the characterization & Irony to build up a satirical portrait.
Spirit of Romance:
Example: Courtly love, Romance, Marriage & Sexual Desire are found in the theme of The Canterbury Tales
Frame Story: A literary device that joins together 2 or more large stories or frame.
Example: The Canterbury Tales is a great indication of the frame work
Growth of Nationalism:
Example: In the writings of this age the influence of love for nation are found.
Theory of Poetic Diction by Wordsworth.pptx
Wordsworth proposed a new theory of poetic diction that rejected the ornate language used in 18th century poetry. He argued that the language of poetry should be simple, ordinary language drawn from common people and their interactions with nature. While this theory made poetry more accessible, it was criticized because purifying rustic language removes what makes it rustic, and the difference between poetic and prosaic language is still important. However, Wordsworth's theory was still significant as it moved poetry toward simpler, more common language.
Romantic age
The document provides historical context on the Romantic Age in Britain. It describes how the Industrial Revolution led to the rapid growth of dirty, overcrowded industrial towns with poor living conditions for workers. British society was divided into landowners/aristocracy, businessmen/industrialists, and the working masses. Several political reforms in the early 1800s aimed to improve conditions for workers and the masses. The document also gives an overview of English Romanticism in literature and some of the major Romantic poets of the period.
W. B. Yeats, "The Second Coming"
1) The poem depicts a world that is falling into disorder and chaos. Images of a falcon flying away from its handler and a "blood-dimmed tide" drowning innocence are used to represent this breakdown of traditional structures.
2) The narrator has a vision of a mysterious beast, with the body of a lion and head of a man, that seems to herald some kind of ominous change rather than the Christian vision of the Second Coming.
3) The poem presents a darker and more pessimistic view of the future as the speaker questions what kind of "rough beast" is heading to Bethlehem to be born, suggesting the end of the old world order and the birth of some unknown threat
Mathew arnold
Matthew Arnold was a 19th century British poet and cultural critic. He worked as a school inspector after marrying in 1851. Arnold published several volumes of poetry and was appointed Professor of Poetry at Oxford University in 1857. He is considered one of the major Victorian poets along with Tennyson and Browning. Arnold used his poetry to philosophize about finding meaning and happiness in life. He also wrote extensively about education and culture.
The critic as artist
The document discusses Oscar Wilde's views on art, criticism, and aesthetics as expressed in his essay "The Critic as Artist". It summarizes some of Wilde's key points:
1. Wilde argues that criticism is a higher art form than artistic creation and that critics are themselves artists who chronicle their own impressions of works of art.
2. He believes the critic occupies the same relationship to the work they are criticizing as an artist does to the visible or conceptual world that inspires them.
3. For Wilde, the highest art is criticism because it involves creating a work within another work, free of the constraints of realistic representation.
Lyrical ballad
Hello everyone! This presentation is on lyrical Ballads combine work of Wordsworth and Coleridge. in this presentation I have not discussed any poem I have just given overview of the lyrical Ballads.
The Romantic age in English Literature
The Romantic Age in English literature began in 1798 with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge. This work introduced a new form of poetry that focused on everyday life and common language, in opposition to the formal style of the Classical school. Wordsworth's Preface outlined his theory that poetry should reflect spontaneous emotions and use ordinary language. The Romantic poets, including Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats, embraced themes of nature, imagination, and individual liberty and helped establish poetry as the dominant genre of this period.
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Slide T H E A G E O F C L A S S I C I S M (1700 1784)
The document discusses the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century, a period defined by the promotion of reason, skepticism of traditions, and advocacy for individual rights and liberties. Classicism in literature during this period was influenced by Greek and Roman works and emphasized form, restraint, and adherence to established genres. The document also provides context on Jonathan Swift and analyzes some of his writings, including "Thoughts on Various Subjects" which satirize human folly and pride.
characteristics of the neoclassical literature
Name :- stuti gosai
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Batch:- 2020-2022
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Topic:- characteristics of the neoclassical literature
The document discusses the key characteristics of neoclassical literature between the periods of 1660-1798 in England. Neoclassical literature emulated the styles of Greek and Roman classics, emphasizing reason, order, accuracy and structure. It focused on conservatism, restraint and upholding social hierarchies over individualism. Major figures included John Dryden, Alexander Pope and Samuel Johnson who wrote in genres like poetry, essays and plays adhering to neoclassical ideals of imitation
Neo Classical Age
The Neoclassical period in English literature can be divided into three stages: the Restoration Period, the Augustan Period, and the Age of Johnson. During this time, there was an emphasis on reason, order, structure, and social needs over individual needs. Writers looked to classical models and focused on imitation, nature, and following strict rules. Some prominent writers from each period include John Dryden, Alexander Pope, and Samuel Johnson. Manners and appearances were important, as was controlling natural passions.
LITERARY-CRITICISM.pptx
Literature studies provide several cultural, personal, and intellectual benefits. Reading literature can help with cultural understanding, emotional growth, personal development, language skills, critical thinking, and entertainment. Studying literature also develops analytical, interpretive, and creative abilities. Literary criticism aims to understand meaning, structure, style, and context of literary works. It benefits appreciation and understanding of works and author intentions. Literary discussion is casual conversation about a work while analysis is a structured examination and interpretation provides deep meaning explanation. Literature has developed over periods and movements characterized by themes like classicism, humanism, reason, emotion, realism, and experimentation.
18th_century_literature.pptx
This document provides background information on 18th century English literature, also known as Augustan literature. It summarizes that this period placed emphasis on classical Greek and Roman models and ideals of reason and order. Major writers of this era such as Alexander Pope and John Dryden imitated classical works through their use of rhyming poetry and satire. Their works reflected the social and political climate of early 18th century England.
Introduction to neoclassicism
Neoclassicism developed as a reaction to the Renaissance that emphasized order and restraint. It looked to classical ideals of antiquity and followed artistic rules and conventions. Neoclassical writers aimed to communicate general truths about human nature rather than unique visions, saw individuals as part of society conforming to social norms, and believed reason should guide art and society.
The Neo-Classical Age.pptx
Learners,
Refer to the following presentation to briefly understand the political and literary sphere of the Neo-Classical age.
Literary Characteristics of the NeoClassical Age
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The document provides an overview of the key characteristics and themes of the Romantic period in English literature from 1798 to 1832. It discusses how Romanticism valued imagination, emotion, and individualism over reason; celebrated nature; and featured symbolic and mythic elements. Notable Romantic artists and thinkers, such as Wordsworth, embraced everyday realism and the exotic. While nature was often portrayed idealistically, it could also evoke awe and fear. The movement favored personal expression and freedom from social constraints. Representative paintings from the period are also briefly described.
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Lit mov booklet part-4
1. The document outlines four major literary movements: Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, and Naturalism.
2. It provides a brief overview of the historical context and origins of each movement, from Neoclassicism originating in 1660 to Naturalism emerging in the late 19th century.
3. The characteristics of each movement are summarized, such as Neoclassicism emphasizing order and restraint while Romanticism celebrated imagination and emotion.
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The document discusses key aspects of modernist literature including its vast scope in subjects, forms, themes and topics. Modernism emerged in response to chaotic societal conditions during World War I and II and a period of significant scientific and technological development. Modernist writers were interested in deeper realities and revolutionized traditions from the Victorian era. Some defining literary tendencies of modernism included humanitarianism, realism, pessimism, religion/mysticism, and psychological treatments. The document also outlines some defining literary techniques of modernism like symbolism, theatre of the absurd, stream of consciousness, and existentialism.
Romanticism detailed information regarinding great writers.(.wordsworth and ...
The document discusses the key ideas and characteristics of Romanticism. It originated in the late 18th century as a reaction against Enlightenment and Neoclassical thought. Some of the core tenets of Romanticism included emphasizing emotion, nature, imagination, individualism, and the supernatural. Major Romantic writers like Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, and Shelley produced works exploring these themes through a focus on subjects like nature, the sublime, and the imagination.
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Romantic era
The document provides background information on the Romantic era. It discusses how the Romantic movement was a reaction against Enlightenment ideals and rationalism, emphasizing emotion, imagination, and the individual. It also covers key Romantic concepts like the emphasis on poetry and the role of the poet, the appreciation of nature, the supernatural, and the value placed on individualism and human potential.
Augustan age literarture
The Augustan Age was a period in English literature from roughly 1700 to 1750. It was named after the Roman emperor Augustus due to its similarities to the Golden Age of Latin literature during Augustus' reign. Writers during this period, like Alexander Pope and Samuel Johnson, followed Neoclassical principles and focused on rules, reason, and wit over emotion. They were influenced by Classical models and wrote in polished, refined styles using forms like satire and the heroic couplet. Prose flourished as well through periodical essays and works of social commentary and early novels by writers like Daniel Defoe and Henry Fielding. Overall, Augustan literature was characterized by its emphasis on order, balance, rationality,
The 19th Century Literature
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Slide T H E A G E O F C L A S S I C I S M (1700 1784)
Slide T H E A G E O F C L A S S I C I S M (1700 1784)
similarities and Differences Between Neoclassicism and Romanticism
similarities and Differences Between Neoclassicism and Romanticism
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Themes in hard times
1. The novel criticizes the mechanization of human beings through industrialization as represented by Gradgrind who teaches only facts and Bounderby who treats workers as machines. This dulls emotions and imaginations.
2. It questions distinguishing only facts from fancy, suggesting perspective influences facts. Gradgrind's children suffer from prohibiting fancy.
3. It promotes femininity's role in countering industrialization through compassion, showing how women help others through hard times.
Summary of hard times
1) Hard Times by Charles Dickens is set in the 1840s during the English Industrial Revolution in the fictional industrial town of Coketown, modeled after Manchester. It satirizes the social and economic conditions of the time.
2) The novel follows several characters including school superintendent Thomas Gradgrind, who teaches facts above all else, and mill owner Josiah Bounderby. It also follows mill worker Stephen Blackpool and Louisa, who Bounderby proposes to.
3) Over the course of the novel, Blackpool is falsely accused of a bank robbery he did not commit. Louisa rejects Bounderby's marriage proposal and grows disillusioned with fact-based thinking. The
Dickens as a novelist
Charles Dickens was considered the most representative Victorian novelist and one of the greatest. As a novelist, he was a social chronicler who introduced social novels on a broad scale through works like Oliver Twist, Great Expectations, and Bleak House. Dickens' characters included normal people, abnormal people, satirical portraits, grotesques, and villains. While his characters lacked development and surprised, they felt vividly alive due to his imagination. Dickens was also a popular author interested in social reform who used his novels to raise awareness of social issues, teaching implicit and explicit lessons of humanity and charity, though his works sometimes suffered from his preoccupation with social problems.
Short biography of charles dickens
Charles Dickens was born in 1812 in Portsmouth, England. As a child, his father was imprisoned for debt and Dickens was forced to work in a factory, which had a profound impact on him. He later became a journalist and began publishing stories. His novel The Pickwick Papers was very popular and launched his successful career as a novelist. Dickens wrote many famous novels, including Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. He died in 1870 after suffering a stroke.
Novelists in victorian age
The document discusses novelists of the Victorian era in England. It describes how novels shifted from focusing on action to character development. Novelists used their works to shed light on social problems caused by industrialization, such as child labor. The first generation of Victorian novelists, including Dickens, Thackeray, and Gaskell, addressed contemporary issues through satire, morality tales, and realistic depictions of society. Women writers like the Bronte sisters also produced notable works during this time period examining issues like class and gender. The second generation of novelists, such as Eliot, Hardy, and Meredith, took a more literary approach with greater psychological depth and focus on how Darwinian ideas were transforming views of humanity.
Novel in victorian age
During Queen Victoria's reign from 1837 to 1901, the novel became the dominant literary form in Britain. As the population grew and industrialized, the middle class expanded and had more leisure time for reading. Novels were written to entertain this new readership and depict contemporary society. They reflected the moral views and social issues of the Victorian era, such as changing gender roles, poverty, child labor, and the impacts of industrialization. The novel became a way to debate these topics through fictional stories that were accessible and engaging for widespread audiences.
Keats as a poet
Keats was primarily a poet focused on creating aesthetic beauty rather than political change. He drew inspiration from both the Greeks and Elizabethans and was highly sensuous in his poetry, using language and imagery that appealed to the senses. Though his early works centered on sensuous descriptions of nature, he began to take more interest in human life and suffering before his life was cut short. Keats remained devoted to his vision of capturing and proclaiming beauty throughout his career.
Poetical works of john keats
This document provides an overview of John Keats' poetic works and career. It discusses his early poems including "Sleep and Poetry" and his first major works "Endymion" and "Isabella". It describes his unfinished epic poem "Hyperion" and narrative poems "Lamia" and "The Eve of St. Agnes". The document highlights that Keats produced all his major works in just three years between 1817-1820 before his early death at age 25. It notes his odes are considered his best works and demonstrate his philosophical views of finding meaning and beauty in nature.
Short biography of shelly
Percy Bysshe Shelley was born in 1792 in England to a noble family. He had a difficult time in school where he was bullied. At the University of Oxford he published an atheist pamphlet that led to his expulsion. He eloped twice, first with a 16-year old schoolgirl and then with Mary Godwin. Shelley found comfort in Italy among friends like Lord Byron and it was there that he wrote much of his best poetry. He drowned at age 30 when sailing in Italy and his body was cremated on the shore.
Summary of child harold canto iii
1) Lord Byron wrote Canto III of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage while traveling through Europe after leaving England due to public disapproval of rumors about his personal life.
2) The canto addresses Byron's sense of loss over being separated from his daughter, reflecting his feelings of rejection and isolation.
3) Byron explores themes of individual genius, liberty vs tyranny, and humankind's relationship with the power and sublimity of nature in the landscapes he observes like the Alps and battlefields of Waterloo and Morat.
Biography of lord byron
Lord Byron was one of the greatest British poets known for his amorous lifestyle and use of language. He was born in 1788 with a clubbed foot to an emotionally unstable mother. Byron excelled in school and began writing poetry. His first published work received criticism which inspired his satirical response. He embarked on a grand tour where he began his famous work "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage." Byron had several love affairs which inspired dark poems and eventually married and had a daughter, though the marriage ended quickly. He left England in 1816 due to rumors and debts and supported Greek independence before dying in 1824 at age 36 while in Greece.
Themes in macbeth
The document discusses several major themes in Shakespeare's Macbeth, including ambition, the supernatural, fate versus free will, and the conflict between good and evil. It notes that ambition drives both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to evil acts, leading to their downfall. The witches play a crucial role by prophesying and encouraging Macbeth's ambition. While fate dictates what will be, how events unfold depends on free will and choice. The play depicts a conflict as Macbeth's evil ambitions destroy the kingdom and good eventually prevails.
The supernatural in macbeth
The supernatural elements in Macbeth, including the witches and Banquo's ghost, play a significant role in developing the plot and dramatic tension. While Shakespeare did not express a personal view on witchcraft, he wrote during a time when witches were believed to have real supernatural powers. The witches' prophecies to Macbeth influence his descent into ambition and crime. Their words also symbolize Macbeth's betrayal of himself and the general evil prevailing in the world. The supernatural elements were likely included by Shakespeare to appeal to the superstitious views of his contemporaries.
Summary of macbeth
1) Macbeth, a general in the King Duncan's army, is told a prophecy by three witches that he will become King of Scotland.
2) Driven by ambition and encouraged by his wife, Macbeth murders King Duncan and takes the throne.
3) Macbeth grows increasingly paranoid and tyrannical. He has Banquo, who the witches said would father a line of kings, murdered along with his son Fleance.
4) As forces led by Macduff and the rightful heir Malcolm gather against him, Macbeth meets again with the witches. He is told he cannot be defeated until Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane, and by no
Macbeth as shakespearean tragedy
1) Macbeth is considered Shakespeare's most comprehensive portrayal of evil. It tells the story of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth's ambition which leads them to commit regicide and other murders.
2) Ambition is the main driving force behind the actions of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Macbeth's ambition is selfish while Lady Macbeth's is driven by love, but both passions ultimately lead them down a path of evil deeds.
3) The play depicts the contrast between light and darkness, good and evil, through its characters, imagery, and themes. It shows how Macbeth's initial goodness becomes corrupted by his unchecked ambition.
Literary works of shakespeare
The document summarizes William Shakespeare's literary works and divides them into four periods that correspond with different stages of his life and career. The first period from 1587-1595 was an early experimental phase that included early comedies, histories, and tragedies. The second period from 1595-1600 saw more polished works as Shakespeare's skills grew. The third period from 1600-1607 featured darker works produced during a time of gloom in Shakespeare's life. The fourth and final period from 1608-1613 showed restored serenity in Shakespeare's later works before his death. Overall, the document examines the evolution of Shakespeare's body of work throughout the progression of his life.
Short biography of shakespeare
William Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet and actor born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He received some education at the local grammar school where he learned Latin and Greek. In 1582, he married Anne Hathaway and had three children. Around 1587, he left his family and moved to London to work as an actor and playwright. Shakespeare wrote 37 plays and over 150 sonnets during his career. He died in 1616 in Stratford-upon-Avon and was buried there in Holy Trinity Church. Shakespeare is considered one of the greatest writers in the English language and introduced over 3,000 words to it through his works.
Themes in valediction
The poem "Forbidding Mourning" by John Donne discusses two main themes:
1) Love and distance - The speaker argues that genuine love transcends physical separation between two lovers who are spiritually unified. Though they must part, their souls and minds remain bonded in a perfect circle.
2) Physical vs spiritual love - The speaker asserts that his love is refined and spiritual rather than physical. In contrast to "dull sublunary lovers" who need proximity, he and his lover share a connection of mind and soul that makes bodily presence less important and defines true love.
Summary of hymn to god the father
The poem "A Hymn to God the Father" by John Donne contains a speaker's prayer to God for forgiveness of sins. In the first stanza, the speaker asks if God will forgive the original sin of humanity and acknowledges that he continually commits more sins. In the second stanza, the speaker confesses to leading others into sin. In the third stanza, the speaker expresses his greatest sin is the fear of dying before being forgiven, but asks God to assure him of Jesus' light and forgiveness.
Summary of the sun rising
The poem "The Sun Rising" by John Donne describes a speaker laying in bed with his lover after a night of passion. He rebukes the rising sun for disturbing them, calling it a "busy old fool". The speaker says love is above the influence of time and seasons. He claims his lover eclipses the sun's beams and that the treasures of the world are with him in bed. The speaker asserts that his lover is every country and he is every king, and nothing else is real compared to their love. He tells the sun it can do its job of keeping the world warm by shining on the couple in bed, as their bedroom now contains all that matters.
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Characteristics of neo classical age
- 1. St Xavier’s College, Mahuadanr SEM – IV Core - 8 Characteristics off Neo classical age Neo classical literature has been written in a period where social order was undergoing a tremendous change. In the so-called Enlightenment period people believed that natural passions are not necessarily good. They must be subordinated to social needs and be strictly controlled. The Enlightenment philosophers believed that there were natural laws to the universe and these laws could be discovered through rational thought. • Neo classical literature is characterized by order, accuracy and structure • Concerned with human nature and Supremacy of reason • Imitated the style of the Romans and Greeks and classics. The Age of Reason: This age stresses the rational trend of the period according to which reason and judgement should be the guiding principles for human activities. It saw the birth of new literary movement: Neoclassicism or Rationalism. It was believed that science and reason would have improved man’s condition, turning him into a social being, who would confirm to the rules of civilized life. The most important ability of man is ‘Reason’ which enable him not only to think but also to act correctly. Man is the only living creature who has the power of observation more than the power of feelings. Reason became the Criterion of everything. What could be justified by the reason was right and what could not be justified by reason was false and rejected. Everything was regulated by reason and nature too. People were attracted by a “reasoned nature”. To follow nature meant to represent the world as it was or to obey the reason. The importance of reason influenced the literature of the time and English literary standards were formed. The artistic creation like science had to follow exact roles and was to be based on reason.
- 2. Rationalism: Rationalism, stressing out the importance of reason and observation, started the beginning of the scientific thought and freed man from ignorance. Rationalism was the most essential feature of neoclassical poetry. Neoclassical poetry is a reaction against the Renaissance style of poetry and it is a unique outcome of intellect not of fancy or imagination. The neoclassical poets made an effort to disregard emotion, feeling and imagination and made reaction and intellect dominant in their poetry. Age of Prose: It was an age of prose, reason and good sense. A large number of practical interests arising from the new social and political conditions demanded expression not simply in books but in pamphlets magazines and newspapers. Poetry was inadequate for such a task. Hence prose developed rapidly and excellently. The variety and excellence of prose works and the development of prose style served to express clearly every human interest and emotion. These are the chief literary glories of the 18th century. Age of Satire: The predominance of satire is an important literary characteristic of this age. Satire is a literary work which searches out the faults of men and institutions in order to hold them up to ridicule – kind of criticism. A satirist is like a laborer who clears ruins and rubbish of an old house before an architect begins on a new and beautiful structure. The work may sometimes be necessary but it really arouses enthusiasm. Satires of Pope were always constructive in spirit. Influence of Materialism: In the neoclassical age we find the dominance of materialism and empirical (experimental) science. Under the influence of empirical philosophy and experimental science, writers of this age narrowed (lessoned) their vision of man and view of life. The affairs of men, their politics, their morals and manners became the chief concern. Concept of Nature: The concept of nature was also an important characteristic of the neoclassical age. For them nature meant the general human nature. The general human nature was not what the
- 3. ordinary men and women felt and thought but the standard view of human nature as held by Homer and Horace. The neoclassical writers thought of human nature as static and standard. Concept of Man: The neoclassical literature considers man as a limited being having limited power. A large number of satires and works of this period attack man for his pride and advise him to remain content with his limited power of knowledge Literary Forms: Among the neoclassical forms of literature the most famous were the essay, both in verse and prose. Drama was declined and Novel made its beginning. The literature of the age was comic and satiric. An important failure of this age was to produce tragedy. Conclusion: The neoclassical period in literature brought a sense of decorum and stability to writers. It was a time of careful moral appearance and there were rules to be carefully followed. However some of England’s most brilliant literature can be credited to this era.