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- 1. Science Unit: Classification and species Species andclassification (differences between species)
- 2. Explanation An organism isa living thing. There are millions of different types of living organisms on Earth. Differences between organisms wildebeest zebra ostrich oryx giraffe How many different organisms can you see in the picture?
- 3. Explanation There is enormousvariety between different organisms on Earth. For example: Differences between organisms Some organisms walk on four legs and are covered in fur. Some organisms can make their own food. Some organisms digest other organisms to get food.
- 4. True False Justify youranswer True or false? T F Check a b They look very similar and have similar names, so there must not be many differences between them. A stick and a stick insect are different organisms. A stick insect has legs for moving around to find food, but a stick is from a tree that has no legs and makes its own food. Differences between organisms a stick a stick insect
- 5. Task A Practice Create amind map showing as many differences between different animals as you can think of. Include physical and behavioral differences. Differences between organisms Differences between animals when it is active (day/night/dusk) skin covering (e.g. fur/feathers)
- 6. Task A Feedback back bone,shell or soft body Create a mind map showing as many differences between different animals as you can think of. Differences between organisms Differences between animals when it is active (day/night/dusk) lives on land or in water type of teeth direction its eyes face type of food eaten movement You might have added: number of legs predator or prey migrates hibernat es skin covering (e.g. fur/feathers)
- 7. Lesson outline Differences betweenorganisms Classification Species and genus Classification and species
- 8. Explanation Classification Scientists sort organismsinto different groups according to their features. This process is called classification.
- 9. Explanation Organisms in eachlevel have common features. Scientists classify organisms into different levels: Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species In higher levels, there are: more organisms with fewer features in common. In lower levels, there are: fewer organisms with more features in common.
- 10. Explanation Classification Kingdom Animal Phylum Vertebrate SpeciesPanthera leo Genus Panthera Class Mammal Order Carnivore Family Felidae These are some examples of organisms classified into each level.
- 11. Explanation Classification Animals The organisms ineach kingdom have basic common features, for example all plants can make their own food. But they also have many differences in their features for example some plants are evergreen whilst others are deciduous. Plants Fungi Bacteria Firstly, scientists classify organisms into very large groups called kingdoms. There are kingdoms of: Protists
- 12. Check Less organisms withfew similarities in their features. Which of the statements best describes the organisms in larger groups such as kingdoms? Classification a b c More organisms with many similarities in their features. More organisms with few similarities in their features. Less organisms with many similarities in their features. d
- 13. Explanation Organisms within eachkingdom are classified into smaller groups called phyla based on their features. Classification Vertebrates Invertebrates All organisms in the phylum vertebrates have a backbone. This includes mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians. In the animal kingdom, the phyla are: All organisms in the phylum invertebrates do not have a backbone. This includes insects, worms, arachnids and molluscs.
- 14. Check Katie is amarine biologist. Classification How would a biologist classify these animals into two phyla? seagull sea urchin jellyfish starfish fish She finds these animals: a Group the organisms with a similar feature, e.g. backbone. b Group the organisms with a similar habitat. c Group the organisms with a similar name.
- 15. Explanation Organisms in aphylum are put into classes, grouping organisms together by general features such as the number of legs they have. Classification coelenterates flat worms annelid worms molluscs arthropods echinoderms Invertebrate animals are grouped into the following classes:
- 16. Explanation Humans are animals,and can be classified using this system: Classification Kingdom - animal Phylum - vertebrate (with backbone) Class - mammals Order - primates Family - great apes (hominids) Genus - human (Homo) Species - wise (sapiens)
- 17. Check Fish have morein common with birds than starfish. Using the chart, which of these statements are true? Classification a b c All animals are vertebrates. All insects are invertebrates. Jellyfish are a type of fish. d Amphibians Birds Fish Mammals Reptiles Jellyfish Molluscs Starfish Worms Arachnids Crustaceans Insects Myriapods Animals Invertebrates Vertebrates Arthropods
- 18. Practice Task B Classification Witha partner, discuss and sort the organisms into groups. 1. How many groups will you sort the organisms into? 2. What is the rule you will use to classify organisms into each group? 3. Add the following labels to your sorted organisms: kingdom, phylum and class. fly frog grass snake slug snail spider fish
- 19. Task B Feedback Classification With apartner, discuss and sort the animals. You might have sorted them: animals vertebrates invertebrates fish reptiles amphibia ns arthropod s molluscs fish grass snake frog fly spider slug snail kingdom phylum class
- 20. Lesson outline Differences betweenorganisms Classification Genus and species Classification and species
- 21. Explanation Genus and species Aswe move through the classification system, we can group and describe an organism in greater detail. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species The genus collects very similar organisms together. For instance, all bears have the genus ‘Ursus’. Polar bears are a different species from brown bears.
- 22. Explanation A species isa group of organisms with very similar features that can reproduce with each other to produce fertile offspring. Genus and species Two horses can reproduce to produce fertile horses. Two donkeys can reproduce to produce fertile donkeys. If a horse and a donkey reproduce, they produce an infertile mule because they are different species.
- 23. True False Justify youranswer True or false? Check a b T F If a dog and a wolf are bred together, they produce fertile puppies. Therefore, the dog and wolf are the same species. Genus and species Organisms of the same species can reproduce to produce infertile offspring. Organisms of the same species can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.
- 24. Explanation All organisms havea binomial name: a genus and species. Genus and species Red admiral butterfly is Vanessa atalanta Wild daffodils are Narcissus pseudonarcissus Fly agaric fungus is Amanita muscaria
- 25. Explanation The formatting conventionsfor genus and species names are: Genus and species Crocodylus nileticus Genus name has the first letter CAPITALISED Species name is all in lower case Both names are either in italics or underlined
- 26. Explanation Common Blackbird: Turdus Merula EnglishOak: quercus Robur These examples show the binomial names incorrectly formatted. Genus and species
- 27. Check a b c d Which example correctlyshows the binomial genus and species name for the domestic cat? Genus and species Felis Catus Felis catus Felis catus felis Catus
- 28. Practice Task C Polar bears(Ursus maritimus) and brown bears (Ursus arctos) are related. Complete the table to show how they are classified. Level Polar Bear Brown Bear Kingdom vertebrate vertebrate Class mammal Order carnivore Family ursidae Ursus Species Genus and species
- 29. Task C Feedback Polar bears(Ursus maritimus) and brown bears (Ursus arctos) are related. Complete the table to show how they are classified. Genus and species Level Polar Bear Brown Bear Kingdom vertebrate vertebrate Class mammal Order carnivore Family ursidae Ursus Species anima l anima l Phylum mamm al carnivore ursidae Genus Ursus maritimus arctos
- 30. Summary ● Scientists classifyevery organism into groups from kingdoms down to species. ● In larger groups such as kingdoms there are more organisms with fewer similarities in their features. ● Scientists give each species a binomial name to identify the genus and species. ● A species is a group of organisms which can reproduce with each other to produce fertile offspring. Classification and species ● In classification, the similarities and differences in organisms’ features are used to classify them into groups.