Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder characterized by the rapid and excessive growth of skin cells. It affects around 2-3% of the global population and can manifest in various forms, from mild to severe. This condition is often associated with genetic factors and involves the immune system mistakenly attacking healthy skin cells.

1. Name: Tiwari Pooja Jitendranath
Subject: Biomedical technology
Roll no:15
Paper no:501
Unit:3
Submitted to : Dr Urja Desai

2.  Introduction
 Layers of skin
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Subcutaneous tissue
 Disorders of skin

3.  A skin disorders, also known as a dermatological or dermatosis
refers to any abnormal condition affecting the skin or mucous
membrane.
 These disorders can result from various causes including
genetics , infections , immune system dysfunction ,
environmental factors , allergies , and more.
 They can range from mild and temporary condition to chronic
and severe disease.
 The diagnosis of any particular skin condition begins by
gathering information of the presenting skin lesions , including
location i.e legs, arms , symptoms , duration i.e acute or chronic
,morphology , colour.
 Some diagnosis may also require a skin biopsy which yields
histological information that can be correlated with the clinical
presentation and any laboratory data.

4.  The skin is the largest organ
of the human body and
serves as a protective barrier
between the internal organs
and extra environment.
 It of 3 primary layers
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Subcutaneous tissue
• Each layer has distinct
function and
characteristics.

5.  It is the outermost layer of the skin and is primarily responsible
for protection against environment factor such as UV radiation,
pathogen and chemicals.
 It is composed of several layer including:
1. Stratum basale (basal layer): It is the deepest layer and contain
the cell called keratinocytes that divide and produce new cell.
2. Stratum spinosum (prickly layer): They are actively dividing and
provides mechanical strength to the skin.
3. Stratum granulosum (granual layer): It produce proteins like
keratin and lipid to the waterproofing of the skin.
4. stratum lucidum (clear layer):It is present in thick skin areas
like the palm.

6.  It lies beneath the epidermis and is composes of
connective tissue , blood vessels , nerves and
various accessory structure such as hair follicle,
sweat gland, sebaceous gland.
 The dermis is responsible for providing structure,
support , elasticity and nourishment.

7.  It is the deepest layer of the skin and is primarily
composed of adipose tissue.
 It function as and insulator ,providing thermal
regulation and energy storage.

8.  There are various types of skin disorders which are as
follows:
1. Acne
2. Eczema
3. Cellulitis
4. Hives
5. Skin cancer
6. Psoriarsis
7. Ichtyosis
8. Vitilgo
9. Impetigo
10. Argyria

9.  It is a common disorder
characterized by the
formation of pimples ,
blackhead , cysts.
 It often occurs during
puberty due to hormonal
changes but can also affect
adults.
 Factors contributing to acne
include excessive sebum
production , clogged hair
follicles , bacterial infection,
and inflammation.
 Treatment option include
topical cream , oral
medications and lifestyle
changes.

10.  Eczema also known as
atopic dermatitis.
 It is a chronic and
inflammatory skin
condition that affect
peoples of all ages.
 It is characterized by dry,
itchy, red and inflamed
skin.
 It is not contagious and is
believed to be influenced
by a combination of a gene
to immune system and
environment factor.
 Symptoms include itching,
dryness , inflammation.

11.  It is a bacterial infection.
 It affects the deeper layers of
the skin and the underlying
tissue
 It can occur anywhere on the
body but is most commonly
found on the lower legs ,
although it can also affect the
arms , face and other areas.
 It usually develops when
bacteria enters the skin
through a cut , scrape or other
break in the skins barrier.
 It is caused by bacteria , most
commonly streptococcus or
staphylococcus
 Symptoms include redness ,
swelling , pain or tenderness.

12.  It is a type of skin cancer
that originates in the skin
cells.
 It is most common form of
cancer worldwide and
primarily occurs due to
uncontrolled growth of skin
cells that have undergo
DNA damage.
 There are several types of
skin cancer , with the most
common being:
1. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma

13.  it is most prevalent type of
skin cancer.
 It usually develops in areas
o f the skin that have been
exposed to the sun such as
face , neck , hands.
 BCC begins in the basal,
which are located in the
deepest layer of epidermis.
 It is often appears as a
pearly, translucent , bump
or a pinkish patch on skin.

14.  It typically arises in sun
exposed areas , including
ears , face ,lips and back of
the hand.
 It develops from squamous
cell , which are found in the
upper layer of epidermis.
 It can appear as a scaly, red
patch or anywhere.
 Melanoma has a higher
potential to spread to other
parts of the body.

15.  It is most dangerous type
of skin cancer and arises
from melanocytes , the cell
that produce melanin.
 Melanoma can develop
anywhere on the body ,
including areas not
exposed to the sun.

16.  Hives , also known as urticaria ,
are a type of skin reaction
characterized by raised , itchy ,
and often red welts on the skin.
 These welts can vary in size and
shape and may appear anywhere
on the body.
 Hives can be acute or chronic
and they are generally caused by
an immune response triggered
by the release of histamine and
other chemical in the body.
 It is caused by allergic reaction
such as food , pollen.
 It is also caused by infection
such as viral infection like
common cold.
 Treatment include antihistamine,
corticosteriod.

17.  Tiny pieces of silver build up in
your tissues , causing your skin
to look bluish gray.
 It is usually permanent , and its
caused by colloidal silver, which
is taken as a dietary supplement.
 This exposure can occur through
various routes , including
ingestion , inhalation or topical
application of product
containing silver.
 The most notable symptoms is
the blue-black ,blue –gray
discoloration of skin.
 The color change is usually
permanent , and more
prominent exposed to sunlight.

18. 1. Explain disorders of skin
2. Explain any 3 types of disorder
3. Explain different layers of skin

19. 1) Give the name of different layers of skin.
Ans :Epidermis , Dermis, Subcutaneous
2) What is the other name of eczema skin disorder?
Ans : atopic dermatitis
3) Which bacteria is responsible for cellulitis ?
Ans: staphylococus or streptococcus
4)What is the other name of hives?
Ans : Urticaria

20.  The mayoClinic offers reliable and detailed information on
various skin conditions, along with causes, symptoms,
treatments, and prevention. Website: https://www.mayoclinic.
org/skin-conditions.
 MedlinePlus is a trusted source of health information from the
U.S. National Library of Medicine. It provides overviews of
various skin conditions, symptoms, treatments, and patient
handouts. Website:
https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html