This document provides guidelines for assessing and responding to medical emergencies and unconscious or collapsed patients. It outlines the DRS-ABC approach - check the patient's Danger, Response, Send for help, Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. It describes how to open the airway, give oxygen, check vital signs, and perform CPR. It also provides guidance for assessing responsiveness in adults and children, performing chest compressions, and reassessing the patient over time. Emergency medications that may be needed are also listed. The overall approach is to stay calm, follow the DRS-ABC protocol, and seek immediate emergency assistance.

1. Dr. Najat H. Al. shaibany
HDD Periodontics

2. • Basic Life Support
• Advanced Life Support
• Vital signs assessment
• I.V & I.M injections

3. • Initial assessment and management
of an unconscious/collapsed patient
follows a similar pattern despite the
diversity of possible causes

4. • Stay calm.
• Be organized & organize your team.
• Call for help.
• Give O2 (6L/ minute).
• Check vital signs.
• Trandelenbarg position (patient flat & legs up)
• Maintain patent airways.
• For unconscious patient use nasal tube.
• For conscious patient use oropharyngeal tube.
• Whenever you recognise that a serious medical
emergency exists, always follow six steps of DRS-ABC

7. Ensure your safety and then safety of patient.
The patient/victim may need to be moved to a
safe place

8. Responsiveness
• A patient who can respond with a few words has
an airway, can breath and has a circulation
considered responsive. A person who is
unresponsive may have none and is at risk of
aspiration and airway obstruction. Keep in mind a
simple assessment of level of consciousness
(AVPU).
• A=Alert
• V= verbal stimulus response
• P= pain response
• U=unresponsive

9. • Send:
• An assistant for help ask them to then return
and confirm the ambulance is on its way

10. • Airway:
• Open the airway by head tilt and chin lift. If the
casualty is a victim of trauma, then the cervical spine
may be damaged, use jaw thrust to open the airway
and hold the head to keep the head and neck still and
in alignment with the rest of the body.
•
• Breathing - The breathing must be assessed quickly. If
there is no breathing, start rescue breathing. Consider
intubation to protect the airway.
• Circulation – Assess quickly and if there is no
circulation chest compressions must be started
immediately. If there is bleeding use direct
compression to stop further blood loss. Ratio of
compressions to breaths 15:2.

11. • Once Drs ABC have been assessed and
secured, give consideration to other aspects of
emergency care and positioning of the
patient/victim.
• Some patients may deteriorate after the initial
assessment. It is therefore best to consider
DRS-ABC as a cycle, performed regularly
while awaiting the ambulance

12. CHILDHOOD COLLAPSE
• Assess responsiveness by speaking loudly or
pinching gently.
• Do not shake a baby. If unresponsive, shout or
send for help.
• If no circulation is present, if you are unsure, or in
infants if the pulse rate is less than 60 per minute,
start external chest compressions at the rate of
100 compressions per minute.
• Ratio compressions to breaths for CPR in child,
five compressions to one breath.

13. • After every three minutes of CPR reassess the
circulation.
1. Vital signs assessment
2. Blood pressure
3. Temperature
4. Pulls rate
5. Respiratory rate

22. • (Automatic external defibrillator (presently
recommended not mandatory)

25. Used in case of hyper ventilation so that the
patient breath on it to increase CO2 uptake

26. 1. Oxygen.
2. Adrenaline (1:1000, 1:10000) .
3. GTN spray or tablets.
4. Aspirin tablets.
5. Salbutamol inhaler .
6. Prednisone tablets .
7. Antihistamine .
8. Valium .
9. Glucose solution .
10. normal saline 0,9% .
11. Amonia .
12. Flomazinol