The document provides details on a fieldwork leveling exercise conducted by students to measure elevation points around a campus. It includes the objectives, introduction to leveling concepts, equipment used including an auto-level and tripod, field data collected using rise and fall and height of collimation methods, adjusted data tables, and a two peg test summary. The leveling resulted in a small misclosure error of 0.011m, within the acceptable accuracy limit, and corrections were made by distributing the error evenly across readings.

1. 1
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS)
[QSB 60203] SITE SURVEYING
FIELDWORK 1
LEVELING
NAME STUDENT ID
NG SHENG ZHE 0323830
SEW YUE LING 0327032
LIEU XUE QI 0327523
PHON KIT POI 0328435

2. 2
CONTENTS
CONTENT PAGE NUMBER
Cover page 1
Content 2
Objectives 3
Introduction 4-6
Apparatus Used for Levelling 7-9
Field Data 10-11
Adjusted Data 12-13
Two Peg Test 14
Summary 15
References 16

3. 3
Objectives
● To allow us to have a better understanding or knowledge about the process of using the
instrument (Auto-level) rather than learning from a video in class.
● To enable us to have the experience in using auto-level such as setting up,
collaborating, leveling and recording data.
● To apply the theories that had learnt in class.
● To know the precautions while using the Auto-level.
● To boost the teamwork while doing on fieldworks.
● To learn how to analyse the data.
● To enable us to have a basic knowledge on how to set up the points for leveling.
● To allow us to understand how to distribute different types of error from the data
collected on field.
● To allow us to experience and expose to the actual working environment in site such as
working under the hot weather.
● To determine the error of misclosure in order whether is it acceptable or not in the
levelling calculation.

4. 4
Introduction to Levelling
Levelling is the measurement of geodetic height using an optical levelling instrument, the object
of which is the elevations of given points with respect to a given or assumed datum, and to
establish points at a given or assumed datum. The first operation is required to enable the
works to be designed while the second operation is required in the setting out of all kinds of
engineering works. Levelling deals with measurements in a vertical plane.
Why we need levelling?
1) To find out the height of level in different points.
2) To collect data for the earthwork.
Define the name of points for levelling
Level surface: A level surface is defined as a curved surface which at each point is
perpendicular to the direction of gravity at the point. Any surface parallel to the mean spheroidal
surface of the earth.
Level line: A level line is a line on level surface.
Horizontal plane: Horizontal plane through a point is a plane tangential to the level surface at
that point. It is, therefore, perpendicular to the plumb line through the point.
Horizontal line: It is a straight line tangential to the level line at a point. It is also perpendicular
to the plumb line.
Vertical line: It is a line normal to the level line at a point. It is commonly considered to be the
line defined by a plumb line.
Datum: Datum is any surface to which elevation are referred. The mean sea level affords a
convenient datum world over, and elevations are commonly given as so much above or below
sea level. It is often more convenient, however, to assume some other datum, specially, if only
the relative elevation of points are required.

5. 5
Elevation: The elevation of a point on or near the surface of the earth is its vertical distance
above or below an arbitrarily assumed level surface or datum.
Vertical angle: Vertical angle is an angle between two intersecting lines in a vertical plane.
Generally, one of these lines is horizontal.
Mean sea level: It is the average height of the sea for all stages of the tides.
Bench-Mark: It is a relatively permanent point of reference whose elevation with respect to
some assumed datum is known. It is used either as a starting point for levelling or as a point
upon which to close as a check.
Two method of Leveling
1) Rise and fall method
2) Height of collimation
EXAMPLES:
1) Using Rise / Fall Method
B.S I.S F.S Rise Fall R.L Remarks
2.570 - - - - 100.00 A
3.750 - 1.200 1.370 - 101.37 C.P
- - 3.750 - 0.70 100.67 B
5.620 - 4.950 1.370 0.70 - -

6. 6
● First reading is B.S and last reading is F.S. If you can’t get F.S as last reading on each
page, it means you are having mistakes.
● From the B.S next F.S is subtracted. If the answer is +ve it will be rise and if the answer
is -ve it be fall and put that reading in respective box.
● In the above table, I have assumed that Reduce Level (R.L) of point A is 100.000 and
you can see R.L of point B is 100.670, which shows that point B is 0.670 units higher
than point A.
CHECKING
∑ (B.S) - ∑ (F.S) = ∑ Rise - ∑ Fall = R.L of last point - R.L of first point 5.620 - 4.950 = 1.37 -
0.70 = 100.670 – 100.000 = 0.67 = 0.67
2) Height of collimation Method (H.O.C)
R.L + B.S = H.O.C and H.O.C - F.S = R.L
B.S I.S F.S H.O.C R.L Remarks
2.50 - - 102.50 100.00 -
1.75 1 1.95 102.30 100.55 -
- 2.55 - - 99.75 -
- 2.70 - - 99.60 -
2.95 - 3.10 - 99.20 -
- - 2.75 - 99.40 -
7.20 - 7.80 - - -
CHECKING
∑ (B.S) - ∑ (F.S) = R.L of last point - R.L of first point = 7.2 - 7.8 = 99.4 - 100 = -0.6 = -0.6

7. 7
Apparatus Used for levelling
Automatic level
The automatic level is used in measuring, surveying, and setting horizontal and vertical levels.
The instrument is normally situated on a tripod and then aligned to a leveled position using
leveling screws. The operator of the automatic level then looks through the telescope attached
to the instrument, while another person holds a graduated staff or tape measure at the position
under measurement.
Adjustable leg tripod

8. 8
A surveyor's tripod is a gadget used to support any one of a number of surveying instruments,
such as theodolites, total stations, levels or transits. The surveyor will adjust on the legs'
platforms to securely anchor the legs in soil or drive the feet to a low position on uneven, pock-
marked pavement.
Leg lengths are adjusted to bring the tripod head to a convenient height and make it generally
level. The mounting screw is pushed up under the instrument to connect the instrument's base
and screwed tight when the instrument is in the right position. The level surface of the tripod
head is known as foot plate and is used to support the adjustable feet of the instrument.
Positioning the tripod and instrument precisely over an indicated mark on the ground or
benchmark requires intricate techniques.
Optical Plummet
In surveying, a device used in place of a plumb bob to center transits and theodolites over a
given point, preferred for its steadiness in strong winds.In addition if protect the instruments
falling down from accident.

9. 9
Horizontal Bubble Level
A bubble level is an instrument designed to indicate whether a surface is horizontal level or
vertical. You have to make sure that the bubble is in the circle to check the accuracy of a level.
Barcode Level Rod for Site Survey
It is made by wood or steel. It is used to determine the height of different points.

10. 10
Field Data
Field Data By Using Rise and Fall Method
Bench Mark
(BM)
Back Sight
(BS)
Fore Sight
(FS)
Rise Fall Reduced Level
(RL)
1.335 100.000
1 1.216 3.664 2.329 97.671
2 1.369 1.296 0.080 97.591
3 1.369 1.450 0.081 97.510
4 1.515 1.403 0.034 97.476
5 1.323 1.243 0.272 97.748
6 1.240 1.373 0.050 97.698
7 1.300 1.510 0.270 97.428
8 1.181 1.135 0.165 97.593
9 3.814 1.240 0.059 97.534
10 1.408 1.327 2.487 100.021
11 1.418 0.010 100.011
17.070
- 17.059
17.059 2.924
- 2.913
2.913 100.011
-100.000
0.011 0.011 0.011

11. 11
Field Data by Using Height of Collimation Method
Bench Mark
(BM)
Back Sight
(BS)
Fore Sight
(FS)
Height of
Collimation
Method
Reduced
Level
(RL)
1.335 101.335 100.000
1 1.216 3.664 98.887 97.671
2 1.369 1.296 98.960 97.591
3 1.369 1.450 98.879 97.510
4 1.515 1.403 98.991 97.476
5 1.323 1.243 99.071 97.748
6 1.240 1.373 98.938 97.698
7 1.300 1.510 98.728 97.428
8 1.181 1.135 98.774 97.593
9 3.814 1.240 101.348 97.534
10 1.408 1.327 101.429 100.021
11 1.418 100.011
17.070
- 17.059
17.059 100.011
-100.000
0.011 0.011
Accuracy limit = 12√ 𝑘
= 12√11
= 0.039 m
Error = 100.011 - 100.000
= 0.011 m
❖ Therefore, this levelling is acceptable.

12. 12
Adjusted Data
Adjusted Data by Using Rise and Fall Method
Bench
Mark
(BM)
Back
Sight
(BS)
Fore
Sight
(FS)
Rise Fall Reduced
Level
(RL)
Correction Adjusted
Reduced
Level
1.335 100.000 100.000
1 1.216 3.664 2.329 97.671 0.001 97.670
2 1.369 1.296 0.080 97.591 0.002 97.589
3 1.369 1.450 0.081 97.510 0.003 97.507
4 1.515 1.403 0.034 97.476 0.004 97.472
5 1.323 1.243 0.272 97.748 0.005 97.743
6 1.240 1.373 0.050 97.698 0.006 97.692
7 1.300 1.510 0.270 97.428 0.007 97.421
8 1.181 1.135 0.165 97.593 0.008 97.585
9 3.814 1.240 0.059 97.534 0.009 97.525
10 1.408 1.327 2.487 100.021 0.010 100.011
11 1.418 0.010 100.011 0.011 100.000
17.070
-17.059
17.059 2.924
-2.913
2.913 100.011
-100.000
100.000
-100.000
0.011 0.011 0.011 0.000

13. 13
Adjusted Data by Using Height of Collimation Method
Bench
Mark
(BM)
Back
Sight
(BS)
Fore
Sight
(FS)
Height of
Collimation
Method
Reduced
Level
(RL)
Correction New
Reduced
Level
1.335 101.335 100.000 100.000
1 1.216 3.664 98.887 97.671 -0.001 97.670
2 1.369 1.296 98.960 97.591 -0.002 97.589
3 1.369 1.450 98.879 97.510 -0.003 97.507
4 1.515 1.403 98.991 97.476 -0.004 97.472
5 1.323 1.243 99.071 97.748 -0.005 97.743
6 1.240 1.373 98.938 97.698 -0.006 97.692
7 1.300 1.510 98.728 97.428 -0.007 97.421
8 1.181 1.135 98.774 97.593 -0.008 97.585
9 3.814 1.240 101.348 97.534 -0.009 97.525
10 1.408 1.327 101.429 100.021 -0.010 100.011
1.418 100.011 -0.011 100.000
17.070
-17.059
17.059 100.011
-100.000
100.000
-100.000
0.011 0.011 0.000

14. 14
15 m
Two Peg Test
RA1= 1.296
RB1= 1.218
∆ℎ𝐴1𝐵1 = 1.296 − 1.218
= 0.077
RA2= 1.226
RB2= 1.147
∆hA1B1 =1.226-1.147
= 0.099
∴ e =
0.099−0.077
30
= 0.022 m over 30 m
Angle of elevation = tan−1 (𝑜.022)
(30)
= 00°02′31′′
25 m
Instrument
Instrument
30 m
30 m
A B
A B

15. 15
Summary
The location of our field work 1 is located at Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus. In total, we
have 10 points located around to measure reduce level. The auto level was shifted around the
check point that had been set around the car park. While we are measuring, one of our member
are collecting the data.
In the Field work 1, we are using two methods which are Rise and Fall and Height of collimation
Method. In the levelling process, there is a mis-closure occur. The error of mis-clousure is
0.011 .Therefore, the levelling can be acceptable. After some discussion, we realised that the
mis-closure error was cause by the automatic level are not function well and our member did not
hold the bar-coded level rod properly.
The correction per set up is calculated to distribute the error. The correction is 0.001
per set up. We had adjusted the reduced level and the final reduced level so the final reduce
level is equivalent with the original given benchmark level.
In conclusion, all the data are accepted.

16. 16
References
https://engineering.purdue.edu/~asm215/topics/levequip.html
http://www.aboutcivil.org/levelling-equipment.html
Photo of group members:
Phon Kit Poi Ng Sheng Zhe
Sew Yue Ling Lieu Xue Qi