There are three main types of learning strategies: social/affective strategies which involve personal interaction and group work, cognitive strategies which help students organize and manipulate information, and metacognitive strategies which help students monitor and direct their own thinking. All learning strategies should be explicitly taught through modeling and scaffolding. Specific strategies are identified for each type, such as advanced organizers, note-taking, and cooperative learning groups.

1. SIOP Strategies
Learning Strategies

2. SIOP - Learning Strategies
Learning Strategies are the mental processes – special thoughts or
behaviors - that individuals use to help them comprehend, learn or retain
new information
Social/Affective
Cognitive
Metacognitive
3 Types of
learning strategies
identified in
research
All Learning Strategies should be taught through explicit instruction,
careful modeling and scaffolding

3. SIOP - Metacognitive Strategies
Metacognition - The process of purposefully
monitoring our thinking.
Metacognitive Strategies are those which help students:
1. Match thinking and problem solving strategies to particular
learning situations.
2. Clarify purposes for learning.
3. Monitor one’s own comprehension through self-questioning.
4. Take corrective action if understanding fails.
(Dermody & Speaker, 1995)

4. SIOP - Metacognitive Strategies
Strategies identified by Chamot and O’Malley that
fall under metacognition include:
• advanced organizers
• organizational planning
• monitoring comprehension
• monitoring production
• self-assessment

5. SIOP - Cognitive Strategies
Cognition – The act or process of knowing, perceiving,
recognizing, conceiving, judging, reasoning or
imagining.
Cognitive Strategies are those which help students:
1. Organize information.
2. Mentally and/or physically manipulate materials.
3. Apply specific techniques to a learning task.
(Slater & Horstman)

6. SIOP – Cognitive Strategies
Strategies identified by Chamot and O’Malley
that fall under cognition include:
• previewing a story prior to reading
• establishing a purpose for reading
• consciously making connections between personal
experiences and what is happening in a story
• taking notes during a lecture
• using thinking maps
• completing a graphic organizer

7. SIOP – Social/Affective Strategies
Social/Affective – Personal interaction, group
discussion, cooperative learning
Social/Affective Strategies are those which help
students:
1. Participate in discussions.
2. Engage in cooperative learning groups.
3. Interact with others to facilitate learning.