SINUSITIS definition, causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, nursing management,

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SUBJECT – MEDICALAND SURGICAL NURSING
TOPIC -SINUSITIS
PREPARED BY DOLISHA WARBI

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DEFINITION:

3. CAUSES:
1. Viral Infections: Often triggered by the common cold or flu viruses.
2. Bacterial Infections: Secondary bacterial infections may develop after a viral infection.
3. Fungal Infections: Less common, but can occur, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems.
4. Allergies: Allergic reactions can cause swelling and congestion in the nasal passages.
5. Nasal Polyps: Benign growths in the nasal passages that can block the sinuses.
TYPES:
1. Acute Sinusitis: Lasts for a short duration, usually after a cold or flu.
2. Chronic Sinusitis: Persists for an extended period, often for more than 12 weeks.
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4. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
1. Facial pain or pressure: Especially around the eyes and forehead.
2. Nasal congestion: Difficulty breathing through the nose.
3. Discolored nasal discharge: Yellow or green.
4. Coughing: Often worsens at night.
5. Fatigue: Due to disrupted sleep and the body's response to infection.
6. Headache: Especially in the forehead region.
DIAGNOSIS:
1. Clinical Evaluation: Based on symptoms and medical history.
2. Imaging Studies: CT scans or MRIs may be used to visualize the sinuses.
3. Nasal Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a light and camera is used to examine the nasal passages.
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5. TREATMENT:
1.Home Remedies: Rest, hydration, and steam inhalation.
2.Medications:
§ Decongestants: To reduce nasal congestion.
§ Antibiotics: If bacterial infection is present.
§ Pain relievers: For discomfort and pain.
3.Nasal Irrigation: Saline solution to flush out mucus.
4.Corticosteroids: For severe inflammation.
NURSING MANAGEMENT:
1.Patient Education: Inform patients about the importance of completing prescribed medications
and follow-up care.
2.Monitoring: Regularly assess vital signs and observe for any worsening symptoms.
3.Comfort Measures: Provide comfort measures such as warm compresses, encouragement of fluid
intake, and rest.
4.Promote Hygiene: Emphasize proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of infection.
5.Encourage Compliance: Ensure that patients adhere to prescribed treatments and attend follow-up
appointments.
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