Singapore (Urbanization & Innovation)
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Singapore has utilized innovative solutions to address the challenges of its high population density, including reclaiming land to expand its size by 22% and building high-rise developments that house 90% of residents. These urbanization efforts have helped support a large population but have also caused negative environmental impacts like increased temperatures from the urban heat island effect and deforestation leading to habitat loss and other issues. Singapore has also developed new water sources through techniques like reclaiming wastewater into purified NEWater and utilizing desalination plants to meet 25% of its water needs.
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Праект ініцыяваны і рэалізаваны Медыяцэнтрам БДУ, Упраўленнем выхаваўчай работы з моладдзю і Студэнцкай асамблеяй БДУ.
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我常會思考現今的政府體制是無法改變嗎？政黨政治、代議政治、菁英政治，現有的狀況把政治議題的決策與否放在少部分的人身上，但我認為少部分的人所見的世界是局部的世界。
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政府的工作不再是從決策到執行，只要負責整理和發包，還有法規上是否有有問題。我希望這個平台可以細緻到從「弱勢團體」、「性別」、「職業」、「詞句」、「論點」來整理，如此，由民眾來決定公共事務，即使出現問題，除非是執行負責人失職，所有人都能對平台討論出來的東西共享利害，沒有誰要負責扛起責任，而擔心民眾對公共事務的理解程度，也能藉由拉長法案討論週期、文字介紹、論壇等，擴大民眾對公共事務的認知，創造一種「眾包制」的想像。
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Singapore (Urbanization & Innovation)
- 1. Urbanization & Innovation City of Garden? Or A Fine City? SINGAPORE
- 2. Background Information of Singapore Location: Southeast Asia Population: 5,535,000 (2015) Density: 7,697/km2 (3rd) GDP: $452.686 billion (2014)
- 3. Water: 1. NEWater: reclaimed water, purified wastewater (dual- membrane & ultraviolet tech), consumed by humans, mostly for industries Innovations Have Affected Urbanization:
- 4. 3 Water: 2. Desalinated Seawater: Low cost ($0.49), Low NRG (3 kWh/m ), 3 plants ( 25% of water needs) Innovations Have Affected Urbanization:
- 5. Land: 1. Reclaimed Land: land fill, for greater population, 100 km (22%), used in housing, airport, industries and even amusement parks 2 Innovations Have Affected Population Growth:
- 6. Land: 2. High-rise buildings : highly developed architecture, 64 skyscrapers higher than 140 meters, 90% of population lives in high-rise apartments Innovations Have Affected Population Growth:
- 7. Negative of Innovations/Urbanization Have Caused: Urban Heat Island (UHL): Temperature in densely urban areas higher than the surrounding countryside Causes: 1. High buildings obstructing the release of heat 2. Combustion and people’s metabolism
- 8. Negative of Innovations/Urbanization Have Caused: Deforestation: Causes: 1. Agriculture: Pepper & Gambier (dye agent) 2. Transportation: CRL Effects: 1. Native animals going extinct 2. Haze 3. Floods
- 10. Works Cited "Causes of Urban Heat Island in Singapore: An investigation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD)." Cool Roofs and Cool Pavements Toolkit. N.p., 22 June 2009. Web. 1 June 2016. <http://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/UHI-Singapore.pdf>. "Desalinated Water." PUB. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June 2016. <https://www.pub.gov.sg/watersupply/ fournationaltaps/desalinatedwater>. "Latest Data." Department of Statistics Singapore. N.p., 31 May 2016. Web. 1 June 2016. <http:// www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/latest-data#16>. Mah, Michael. "Deforestation in Singapore." Blogs@NTU. Michael Mah, Oct. 2014. Web. 1 June 2016. <https://blogs.ntu.edu.sg/hp331-2014-37/>. "NEWater." PUB. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June 2016. <https://www.pub.gov.sg/watersupply/ fournationaltaps/newater>. Rutledge, Kim, and Melissa McDaniel. "Urban Heat Island." Ed. Kara West. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHY SOCIETY. N.p., 21 Jan. 2011. Web. 1 June 2016. <http://nationalgeographic.org/ encyclopedia/urban-heat-island/>. "Singapore." Emporis. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June 2016. <http://www.emporis.com/city/100422/ singapore-singapore>.